MACHINE TOOLS AND

PROCESSES 1
 BENCHWORKING PROCESSES
1. INTRODUCTION TO BENCH WORKING PROCESSES

2. BENCHWORK SAFETY
OBJECTIVES:
• Define terms and specifications of tools;
• Explain the importance of safety;
• Apply the proper procedures in Bench working.
INTRODUCTION TO BENCHWORK
The workbench is the craftsman’s head quarters,
where operations involving the use of hand tools
such as sawing, filing, chiseling and marking out are
appropriately carried out. This section is an
introduction to the basic complement of hand tools
commonly used in all branches of mechanical
technology such as bench vise, files, hacksaw and
center punch, and scriber
LAYOUTING TOOLS/ MARKING TOOLS

CUTTING TOOLS

WORK HOLDING TOOLS

DRIVING TOOLS

STRIKING TOOLS
LAYOUTING/ MARKING TOOLS
• Marking out or layout means the process of
transferring a design or pattern to a
workpiece, as the first step in the
manufacturing process.
1.1 DIVIDER
- It is used as an Instrument for
measuring, transferring, or
marking off distances
 1.2. SCRIBER

- Scriber is used to
mark or scriber
various materials
such as wood, steel,
metal and plastic
prior to being
machined.
 1.3. TRAMMEL

- It is used in layout
work to scribe
circles and arcs that
are too large to be
drawn with a divider
or compass.
 1.4.
COMBINATION
SQUARE

- It is most often
used for striking a
perpendicular line
relative to the edge
the anvil is touching
and measuring short
distances.
1.5. PRICK PUNCHES
- Prick punches are used to
make a dimple mark in
materials to guide a drill bit.
1.6. LAYOUT FLUID
- This fluid is used to coat
metal to provide a glare-free,
uniform color so scribes
appear clear and sharp
 1.7. RULER
- A device used in
geometry and
technical drawing,
as well as the
engineering and
construction
industries.
1.8. PROTRACTOR
- Protractor is used measure
angles. Architects and
designers use a more precise
protractor called an angle
protractor tool which gives
more accurate measures.
1.9. TAPE
MEASURE
- Type of hand tool
typically used to measure
distance or size.
1.10. VERNIER HEIG
HT GAUGE
- Vernier height gauge
used to measure
vertical dimension
from reference ground
 - Cutting tool is a wedge shaped
2. and sharp-edged device that is
used to remove excess layer of
CUTTING material from the workpiece by
shearing during machining in
TOOLS order to obtain desired shape,
size and accuracy.
 2.1. CHISEL
- is a hand tool used
for carving, cutting,
shaping hard
materials such as
wood, stone, metal.
It is one of the most
common tools used
to shape wood,
mostly in carpentry
work.
2.2.
HACKSAW
- It is used for
cutting hard
materials (such as
metal work
piece).
 2.3. TAP
TOOL
- A tap is a tool
used to cut a
threaded hole
inside a piece of
material. It is used
to cut screw
threads in a nut
or a hole.
2.4. REAMER
- It is used to
widen the size of
a pre-existing hole
in metal by a
small amount to
leave smooth
sides and edges
2.5 FILES
- are cutting tools
used to
remove/smooth
rough and sharp
edges from cut
metal. They are also
used to file metal to
shape or size. 
2.6 DRILL
- for making round
holes or driving
fasteners.
 - is a catchall term referring to
any device or apparatus used to
keep a workpiece stable and
3. WORK immobile. Some common
examples are chucks, toggle
HOLDING clamps, power clamps, end stops,
TOOLS soft or hard jaws, locators, vises,
fixtures, and jigs. Ideal
workholding devices have easily
repeatable setups
3.1. PLIERS
- used for gripping
something round like a
pipe or rod, some are
used for twisting wires,
and others are designed
to be used for a
combination of tasks
including cutting wire.
3.2. C-CLAMP
- a type of clamp
device typically used to
hold a wood or metal
work piece
3.3. V-BLOCKS
- Precision metalworking jigs
typically used to hold round
metal rods or pipes for
performing drilling or milling
operations.
4. DRIVING TOOLS
- a driving tool is any tool used to push
(drive) another object into the wood. Their
general purpose is to connect two pieces of
wood together, or to connect wood to
another material.
 - usually hand-operated, for
turning screws with slotted heads

4.1.
SCREWDRIVER
4.2. SPANNER

- is a hand-held
tool used to
provide grip and
tighten or loosen
fasteners.
 - This is used for tightening and
loosening hexagonal bolts and other
compatible fasteners.

4.3.HEX KEYS/ALLE
N KEYS
5. STRIKING TOOLS
- Striking tools are basic hand
tool consisting of a weighted
head attached to a handle. It
is used to apply a striking
force.
5.1. CLAW
HAMMER
- Claw hammer is a tool
primarily used for driving
nails into, or pulling nails
from, some other object.
5.2. MALLET
- Mallet is used in applications
where you need to strike a
surface without causing damage;
when installing floorboards or
hubcaps for instance.
5.3. BALL PEIN HAMMER
- for peening (surface
hardening by impact), the
ball-peen hammer is useful
for many tasks, such as
striking punches and chisels
BENCH WORK SAFETY
- Workshop safety is
everyone's responsibility; the
following rules have been put
in place to ensure the safety
of all students and staff.
Please read the safety rules
carefully before entering the
workshop.
 WORKSHOP RULES

Student affected by drugs or alcohol are not permitted in the workshop

Students with any health problems that may affect workplace safety (e.g.
medication, epileptic fits) must report these conditions to the workshop
staff

Notify the workshop staff of your arrival

WORKSHOP RULES

4. No food or drink in 5. Wear the correct 6. All chemicals (e.g., 7. Immediately

protective equipment for glues and paints) must
the workshop the tools you are using – ask notify the workshop
be checked through
if in doubt.
watch and with
supervisor of any
workshop staff before faulty or broken
use. equipment.
 Ask Make Keep Keep

Ask how Make sure Keep leads Keep clear WORKSHOP

your work of any
to use
the tools
piece is
fixed
up off the
floor. person
operating
RULES
safely. securely tools and
before work machinery
commences (bumping an
. operator or
get tangled
in the lead
could cause
serious
injury to you
or the
operator)
 WORKSHOP RULES
Do not talk Do not talk to anyone operating electrical equipment and machinery.

Keep Keep your work area tidy.

Clean up Clean up any spills immediately.

Wash Wash hands after using equipment and materials.

Ensure your safety in the workshop

- Pick up your hearing and eye

1. When entering workshop protectors and immediately report to
the workshop supervisor.

- Check that any tools you have been

using have been put away in the
2. When exiting the workshop appropriate spots, cleaned up your work
area and notify the workshop staff.
 Safety glasses and hearing protection - every
person entering the workshop must collect these
Clothing items from just inside the door. They must be
worn at all times
&
Footwear Students that wear glasses should be aware
these are not safety glasses, they are only impact
resistant and may shatter, safety glasses must be
worn.

All loose clothing (e.g. shirts hanging out) must

be tucked in.
 4. Safety boots or enclosed shoes must be
worn in the workshop. Do not enter under
Clothing any circumstances without this footwear,
there are no exceptions to this rule
&
5. Long hair has to be tied up including
Footwear fringes

6. Remove rings and loose jewellery before

operating machinery they can be a hazard.
Behavior Fooling around and practical jokes in
the workshop will not be tolerated.
These students will be told to leave.

No horse playing.
 • All accidents, cuts and abrasions must
be reported before leaving the
workshop. If an accident does happen,
no matter how small, it must be
First Aid reported to the workshop staff and an
Accident Report Form filled out. Filling
out this form is imperative for any future
complications resulting from an
accident.
Fires or other
emergencies
• Think before reacting to
any emergency in the
workshop, ensure you
are reacting safely
before you assist in an
emergency. Do not
attempt to fight any fire
unless you have been
trained to do so.
Machinery usage
• When students are
operating machinery, all
other students are to stay
clear and not to talk to the
operator. If you feel uneasy
or unsafe operating any
tools or machinery in the
workshop, inform the
workshop supervisor and
help will be provided.