Lesson 2

Counseling
is one of the areas of social sciences applied to it. Provides guidance,

assistance and support to individuals who are distracted by a range of
problems in their lives.
For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a

science wherein you endeavor to weigh the objective and
subjective facets of the counseling process.
• As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It
upholds a flexible and creative process whereby the
counselor modifies the approach to meet the
developing needs of the clients.
• As a science, on the other hand, is the objective
dimension of the counseling process.
In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is distressed
asks for help and permit another person to enter into a kind of connection
with him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in search of
counseling requests for time and attention from person who will listen,
who will allow him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize
him/her.
• Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as
presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
• Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and
counseling is the profession that implicates the application of “ an
integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning
individual “ through the provision of support that aids an individual
to use his/her potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest ,
needs and abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015).
Counseling is a discipline that is involved in
the provision of advice or guidance in
decision-making especially in emotionally
significant situations. It is a avenue where
trustworthy experts help clients explore and
understand their worlds and so discover better
ways of thinking and living.
What is the purpose of Counseling?
• The aim of counseling is to enable
the client to make their own
choices, reach their own decisions
and act on them.
Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group,
organizational and
community success
1.Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the
clients human growth and
development including social, personal, emotional,
cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some
undesired outcome. E.g. failing grades,
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills
and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to
overcome and treat an undesirable development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options,
testing of skills, trying new and different
activities, etc
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps
client in recognizing, that what they
are doing, thinking, and feeling is
fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring
the basic foundation of learning and
cognitive skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves
acquiring the basic understanding and
habits for good health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in
developing good social interaction skills,
learning emotional control, and
developing positive self – concept
List of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the above goals.
Goal Description
Understanding of the origins and
Insight
development of emotional
difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to
take rational
control over feelings and actions
Becoming better able to form and

Relating with maintain meaningful and
satisfying relationships with other people:
others for example , within
the family or workplace
Goal Description
Becoming more aware of thoughts and
Self- feelings that had been blocked off or
denied, or developing a more accurate
awareness sense of how self is perceived by others.
The development of a positive attitude toward

self, marked by an ability to acknowledge areas
Self- acceptance of experience that had been the subject of self-
criticism and rejection
Goal Description
Self – Moving in the direction of fulfilling
potential or achieving an integration
actualization of previously conflicting parts of
self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive

at a higher state of spiritual
awakening
Goal Description
Finding a solution to a specific
Problem- Solving problem that the client had not been
able to resolve alone. Acquiring a
general competence in problem –
solving
Enabling the client to

Psychological acquire ideas and techniques
with which to understand
education and control behavior
Goal Description
Learning and mastering social and
Acquisition of interpersonal skills such as
maintenance of eye contact , turn
Social Skills taking in conversations, assertive, or
anger control
The modification or replacement of

irrational beliefs or maladaptive
Cognitive change thought patterns associated with self-
destructive behavior
Goal Description
The modification or replacement
Behavior change of maladaptive or self?destructive
patterns of behavior.
Introducing change into the

Systematic change way in that social systems
operate
Working on skills , awareness, and
Empowerment knowledge that will enable to client to take
control of his or her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make amends for

previous destructive behavior
Inspiring in the person a desire and

capacity to care for others
Generality and pass on knowledge and to
contribute to the collective good
through political engagement
Scope of Counseling
The scope and field of counseling has widened as
the human problems are wide in range. Broadly, the
scope of counseling includes individual counseling,
marital and premarital counseling, family
counseling, and community counseling.
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING
• Adolescent identity, concerns, teen- • Relationships: personal and
parent relationships, peer relationships interpersonal dynamics
• Anxiety • Sexual abuse recovery
• Anger management • Seniors: challenges, limitations,
• Children’s concerns within the family transitions
unit, sibling relationships, school • Singles: single, newly single, single
experiences, peer through divorce or being widowed
• relationships • Spirituality
• Depression • Stress management
• Family of origin dynamics and issues • Workplace stress and relationships
• Gender: identity, sexuality,
• Young adult: identity, relationships,
homosexuality
vocation
MARITAL AND PRE-MARITAL FAMILY COUNSELLING
COUNSELLING
• Adolescent and child behaviors

within family dynamics
• Marital and • Adult children
relational dynamics • Divorce and separation issues
and adjustment
• Extended family • Family
estrangement,
dynamics:
conflict,
relationships communication
• Family of origin / extended
• Fertility issues family issues
• Life stages and transitions

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Counseling

is one of the areas of social sciences applied to it. Provides guidance,

For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a

with him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in search of

Becoming better able to form and

The development of a positive attitude toward

Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive

Enabling the client to

The modification or replacement of

Introducing change into the

Restitution Helping the client to make amends for

Inspiring in the person a desire and

• Adolescent and child behaviors

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