INQUIRIES,

INVESTIGATIONS, AND
IMMERSION

P R E PA R E D B Y: K R I S T I N E J O Y A . M A M A S I G
SUBJECT TEACHER
BIG QUESTION:

DO WE REALLY HAVE
TO PLAN EVERYTHING?
REALITY CHECK:

•A RESEARCHNEEDS
CAREFUL PLANNING…
 ALL PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE
WHY RESEARCH INVESTIGATION KNOW CLEARLY THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM, THE
NEEDS PLANNING? RESEARCH DESIGN, AND THE DATA
GATHERING PROCEDURE

HELP STRATEGIZE ON HOW THE

RESEARCHERS ARE GOING TO WORK
TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS

CAN CAUSE EASE TO CARRY OUT THE

RESEARCH PROCESSES
MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Describes adequately
research design.
Learning Objectives:

01 02 03
Explain the Familiarize Compare and
meaning of a oneself with the contrast various
research design; nature of each qualitative
qualitative research design.
research design;
and
What is a
Design? a design in the field of research serves as a
blueprint or a skeletal framework of your
research study.

A choice of research design requires you to

finalize your mind on the purpose,
philosophical basis, and types of data of your
research, including your method of collecting,
analyzing, interpreting, and presenting the data.
It is a plan the directs your mind to several
stages of your research work. (De May, 2013, as
cited in Baraceros, 2016)
WHAT IS RESEARCH
DESIGN?
• The research design is a practical framework
for answering your research questions. It
involves making decisions about the type of
data you need, the methods you will use to
collect and analyze it, and the location and
timescale of your research. According to De
Mey (2013) as cited by Baraceros (2016),
research design serves as a blueprint or a
skeletal framework of your research study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
IS THE PROCESS OF STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES
THAT HELP RESEARCHERS SOVLE THEIR PROBLEMS OR ANSWER
THEIR INQUIRY

REFERS TO THE DESIGN OF THE RESEARCH METHODS, DATA

COLLECTION, AND OTHER PERTINENT PROCESSES TO MINIMIZE
THE COST OF CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION

ALSO REFERS TO THE PLAN OF DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES TO

ENSURE THAT THE DATA USED IN THE STUDY IS VALID
• QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH
DESIGNS
 Case study- According to Meng and Yin,
TYPES OF (2012) as cited in Barceros, 2016), a case
QUALITATIVE study describes the experiences a person,
RESEARCH DESIGNS a group of individuals, family, group,
community, organization, industry, or
institution. It employs in-depth
examination and analysis of people or
group of people.
-is to describe a
The outcome is an in-
person, a thing, or any
depth description of
creature on Earth for
experiences, with
the purpose of
learning insights and
explaining the reasons
important lessons as
behind the nature of
the main message.
its existence.
CASE STUDY

IS DONE WHEN A RESEARCHERS EMPLOY

RESEARCHER WOULD A VARIETY OF DATA
WANT TO KNOW THE GATHERING
DEEPER DETAILS ABOUT TECHNIQUES SUCH AS
A CERTAIN SITUATION, OBSERVATIONS,
EVENT, ACTIVITY, INTERVIEWS, AND
PROCESS, AND EVEN A ANECDOTAL
GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS DOCUMENTATIONS
Examples:

Industry Analysis and Business

Standards
Consumer Organizations in the
Philippines
The Presidency and Pres. Rodrigo
Duterte
The Philippine Church: Opportunities
and Challenges
TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Ethnography- -involves a study

of certain cultural group or
organization in which you, the
requires your actual participation
researcher obtains knowledge
in the group members activities
about the characteristics,
realizing this design is living with
organizational set-up, and
subjects in several months.
relationships of group members,
must necessarily involve you in
their group activities.
 • AIM: TO DESRIBE, ANALYZE, AND
INTERPRET BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, BELIEF
Ethnography SYSTEMS, AND UNIQUE LANGUAGE OF
PEOPLE IN A PARTICULAR CULTURE AND
ETHNICITY
• TECHNIQUES:
- OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUES
- NO ALTERATIONS DONE IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
- TAKES A LONG TIME TO BE FINISHED
- BEST USED IN STUDYING CULTURE-
SHARING GROUPS
 The Life of a Drug Addict
Examples
Political Families in the
Philippines

Northern Tribes

Life Inside the Prison

 •-tells
you the right research methods to
determine the reasons for changes or
Historical Study permanence of things in the physical world in a
certain period.
•-the study as time of changes is not a time
shorter than a year but a period indicating a big
number of years.
•-differsfrom other research designs
because one element that is peculiar to it is the
scope which refers to the number of years
covered, the kind of events focused on, and the
extent of new knowledge or discoveries
resulting from the historical study.
Historical Study

*Chronicling
-data collecting
activities are
makes
biography
you interview
or
people
autobiography
to trace series
reading,
of events
documentary
in the lives
analysis,
of
people
and chronicling
in a span activities
of time
 The Evolution and
Example: Generation of Millennials
The West Philippine Sea
Conflict
Colonization of Philippine
Tribes

Philippine Cinema
 -makes you follow a research method that
will let you understand the ways of how
people go through inevitable events in
their lives.

-you are prone to extending your time in

Phenomenology listening in people’s recount of their
significant experiences to be able to get a
clue or pattern of their techniques in
coming to terms with the positive and
negative results of their life experiences.
 -aims at getting a thorough
understanding of an individual’s life
experiences for this same person’s
realistic dealings with hard facts of
life.
-relevant or useful to people such as
Phenomenology teachers, nurses, guidance
counselors, and the like, whose work
entails giving physical and
emotional assistance or relief to
people.
 Hugot Lines in the
Examples: Philippines

Gay language and meanings

Drug Addiction

Human Rights
Grounded -aims at developing a theory to
Theory increase your understanding on
something in a psycho-social
context

-enables you to develop theories to

explain sociologically and
psychologically influenced
phenomena for proper
identification of a certain
educational process.
 Grounded Theory

•-takes place in an inductive manner, wherein

one basic category of people’s action and
interactions gets related to a secondary category;
to third category; and so on, until a new theory
emerges from the previous data. (Gibson 2014;
Creswell 2012)
Examples:

Gender Rights Nature and Fashion Styles

New Dengue
of Types of of Tribal
Strains
Transgenders Prostitution Communities
 QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive research
• seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable
to provide systematic information about a phenomenon
• the researcher does not usually begin with a hypothesis, but
is likely to develop one after collecting data
• analysis and synthesis of the data provide the test of the
hypothesis
• systematic collection of information requires careful
selection of the units studied and careful measurement of
each variable
A description of the tobacco use habits of
teenagers

A description of how parents feel about

the twelvemonth school year

A description of the kinds of physical

activities that typically occur in nursing
homes, and how frequently each occurs
A description of the extent to which
elementary teachers use math
manipulatives
Correlational research

• attempts to determine the extent of a relationship

between two or more variables using statistical data
• relationships between and among a number of facts
are sought and interpreted
• recognizes trends and patterns in data, but it does not
go so far in its analysis to prove causes for these
observed patterns
• Cause and effect is not the basis of this type of
observational research
Correlational
research
• The data, relationships, and distributions
of variables are studied only
• Variables are not manipulated; they are
only identified and are studied as they
occur in a natural setting
• Note: Sometimes correlational research
is considered a type of descriptive
research, and not as its own type of
research, as no variables are
manipulated in the study.
The relationship between intelligence and self-
esteem

The relationship between diet and anxiety

The relationship between an aptitude test and

success in an algebra course
The relationships between the types of activities
used in math classrooms and student achievement

The covariance of smoking and lung disease

Causal-comparative/
quasi-experimental research
• attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among the variables
• very similar to true experiments, but with some key differences
An independent variable is identified but not manipulated by the experimenter, and
effects of the IV on the DV are measured
The researcher does not randomly assign groups and must use ones that are
naturally formed or pre-existing groups
Identified control groups exposed to the treatment variable are studied and
compared to groups who are not
• When analyses and conclusions are made, determining causes must be done
carefully, as other variables, both known and unknown, could still affect the
outcome
• The effect of preschool attendance on social
maturity at the end of the first grade
• The effect of taking multivitamins on a
students’ school absenteeism
• The effect of gender on algebra achievement
Experimental
research
• often called true experimentation, uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect
relationship among a group of variables that make up a study
The true experiment is often thought of as a laboratory study, but this is not always the case; a
laboratory setting has nothing to do with it
A true experiment is any study where an effort is made to identify and impose control over all
other variables except one
An IV is manipulated to determine the effects on the DV
• Subjects are randomly assigned to experimental treatments rather than identified in naturally
occurring groups
• The effect of positive reinforcement on
attitude toward school
• The effect of teaching with a cooperative
group strategy or a traditional lecture
approach on students’ achievement
• A comparison of the effect of
personalized instruction vs. traditional
instruction on computational skill
references
• Amorado R. V., Talili, I. N. (n.d.). Qualitative Research: A Practical Approach for Senior High
School. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
• Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 1. Rex Printing Company, Inc.
• Key Elements of a Research Proposal Quantitative Design (n.d.).
https://www.wssu.edu/about/offices-and-departments/office-of-sponsored-programs/pre-award/_F
iles/documents/develop-quantitative.pdf
ANY QUESTION?
THANK YOU!