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The document discusses the characteristics of mean and variance of discrete random variables. It provides examples of calculating the mean and variance of discrete data sets. It also discusses how the mean represents the central tendency while the variance represents the variability or spread of values around the mean. The document shows how to use probability distributions and tables of normal curves to calculate areas under the normal curve corresponding to given z-values.

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Ma. Jessa Dane Ngoho
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41 views88 pages

Stat

The document discusses the characteristics of mean and variance of discrete random variables. It provides examples of calculating the mean and variance of discrete data sets. It also discusses how the mean represents the central tendency while the variance represents the variability or spread of values around the mean. The document shows how to use probability distributions and tables of normal curves to calculate areas under the normal curve corresponding to given z-values.

Uploaded by

Ma. Jessa Dane Ngoho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAT AND PROB

PPT
Illustrating Mean and
Variance of Discrete
Random Variable
Characteristics of the mean of a discrete
random variable by utilizing probabilities from
its dispersion:
it shows the probability distribution for the
possible outcome in rolling a fair die

Notice that they have equal probabilities or


chances to occur

This distribution is symmetric and the mean is


3.5 which found in the middle of the
distribution, it is in the axis of symmetry.

the mean of a random variable X is a measure


of the central location of the distribution of X.
What is the mean or expected value?
This implies that the distance of the element
from the mean in either direction is 3 which
describes the spread of the elements in the
observation.
This implies that the distance of the element from the
mean in either direction is 5 which describes the spread
of the elements in the observation.
A. Compare the means of the two figures.
B. Show the relationship between the variance and standard deviation given figures.
Calculating Mean and Variance of a Discrete
Random Variable

How to get the mean or expected value?


multiply each x value by its probability and add the results
It indicates that the expected value or mean of the
random variable is 3.41.

Recall: the formula in finding the variance of a discrete


random variable x,
Remember that if the value of the variance is small, then the
values of the random variable are close to the mean.
NOTE:

The expected value or mean and


standard deviation are both
expressed into two decimal
places while variance is up to four
decimal places to lessen rounding
error.
• Expected Value E(X) is only the average or mean (µ𝑥) of random variable X.
• It's occasionally called a "weighted average" because more frequent values of X
are weighted more highly in the average.
• The mean of a random variable X is a measurement of the central location of the
distribution of X.
• The second most important component is the spread of the distribution.
• the variance of a discrete random variable X is defined by

where the sum is taken over all values of x for which P(x) > 0
but less than 1.
the variance of X is the weighted average of the squared
deviations from the mean μ, where the weights are given by
the probability function P(x) of X.
Activity: TO DO
Output: A4
Therefore, the mean of the probability distribution is 3.7.
Since the mean is equal to 3.7, we can say that the average
number of dots that would appear is a number near 97 to 3.7
which is 4. If we will repeat the experiment over and over,
there is a higher possibility the 4 dots will always appear since
the average number of dots that would appear is 4. To
determine the variability of the assumed values from the
mean, use the formulas for finding variance and standard
deviation. But first, construct a table like the one below
Example 1
The number of students in different universities
compares to the number of students in a class in a
particular school.
Considering different universities with different size
and course offerings, you may say that the difference
between their enrolments will be much higher than the
difference of each class size in a particular school
EXAMPLE 2
The number of people who love to play basketball in different barangays to
the number of basketball players from different teams who play in the first-
quarter game.

Basketball is a famous game and almost every guy loves to play this game.
Imagine that you will gather the number of people who love to play from
different barangays, it is expected that you will gather different results compared
to the number of basketball players from different teams who play in the first-
quarter game. Almost everybody is aware that there are only five players from
each team to play a game, therefore if you will compute the variance of the data
from different teams you will get a value of zero. The mean will be equal to 5
because each team who play the game will should have 5 players only, at the
same time if you will compute the variance of distribution with equal inputs you
will get a value of zero.
Activity #1
ACTIVITY # 2
Solving Problems Involving
Mean and Variance of
Probability Distributions
Illustrating a Normal
Random Variable and its
Characteristics
B. Illustrate the distribution in Activity 2.A through a
diagram.
How to use the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve?

Example: Find the area to the left of -1.69

Solution: First, split the given z-value into hundredths.


We can find the whole number and the tenths digit (-
1.6) at the left side of the table while the hundredths
(0.09) located at the uppermost of the table. Then the
intersection of these numbers will be the area of the
normal curve to the left of the z-value.
Answer: The area to the left of z= -1.69 is 0.0455.

STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO Z –VALUE

1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve
2. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it
is below, above, or between.
3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than)
just write the value we obtained in step 3
4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater
than), subtract 1 by the obtained value in step 3
4.3. When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the
biggest by the smallest value obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion
REMEMBER:

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