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StatProb Less0n 123

This document discusses the normal distribution and its key characteristics: 1. It is a bell-shaped, symmetrical curve with the mean equal to the median and mode. 2. The spread of the curve depends on the standard deviation. 3. It is the most important probability distribution in statistics as many real-world variables approximate it, such as heights, weights, and test scores. The document then provides examples of calculating areas under the standard normal curve using z-scores and finding probabilities of events occurring within the normal distribution.

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Lee Heeseung
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69 views24 pages

StatProb Less0n 123

This document discusses the normal distribution and its key characteristics: 1. It is a bell-shaped, symmetrical curve with the mean equal to the median and mode. 2. The spread of the curve depends on the standard deviation. 3. It is the most important probability distribution in statistics as many real-world variables approximate it, such as heights, weights, and test scores. The document then provides examples of calculating areas under the standard normal curve using z-scores and finding probabilities of events occurring within the normal distribution.

Uploaded by

Lee Heeseung
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
Covered Lesson:
* Illustrating a Normal Random Variable and Its
Characteristics
*Constructing a Normal Curve
*Identifies Regions Under the Normal Curve
LEFT-SKEWED

RIGHT-SKEWED

NORMAL CURVE
1. A normal probability distribution is bell-shaped
2. The curve is symmetrical about its mean
3. The mean is equal to the median, and is also equal
to the mode
4. The spread of the curve depends on the standard
deviation of the distribution
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis; always approaching the axis but never
touching it.
6. The area under the curve is 1 or 100%. It represents
the probability, proportion or the percentage.
The normal distribution is the most
important probability distribution in statistics
because many continuous data in nature and
psychology displays this bell-shaped curve
when compiled and graphed.
For example, if we randomly sampled 100
individuals we would expect to see a normal
distribution frequency curve for many
continuous variables, such as IQ, height,
weight and blood pressure.
Areas under the Standard Normal Distribution

Z SCORES
68.26%

z = -1 to z = 1
95.44%

z = -2 to z = 2
99.74%

z = -3 to z = 3
50% 50%
Z – Table – is based on a normal distribution with
mean µ = 0 and standard deviation σ = 1 called
standard normal distribution.
Normal Distribution
IDENTIFYING AREA IN A STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Example 1
1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1
Step 1. Construct a normal curve and Step 2. Find the corresponding area in
locate the z score and its corresponding the z Table
area or probability

z = 1 0.3413 or 34.13% (z = 1 corresponds to the area 0.3413)


2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.05
Step 1. Construct a normal curve Step 2. Find the corresponding
and locate the z score and its area in the z Table
corresponding area or probability

z = 1.05 ↔ 0.3531 or 35.31%


3. Find the area that corresponds to z = -1.05
z = -1.05 ↔ 0.3531 or 35.31%
 
4. Find the area that corresponds to z = 2.38
z = 2.38 ↔ 0.4913 or 49.13%
 
5. Find the area that corresponds to z = -2.16
z = -2.16 ↔ 0.4846 or 48.46%

6. Find the proportion of the area that corresponds to z = -2.58


z = -2.58 ↔ 0.4951 or 49.51%
7. Find the proportion of the area between z = 1 and z = -1
P(-1<z<1) = 0.3413 + 0.3413 = 0.6826 or 68.26%
 
8. Find the proportion of the area between z = -1.5 and z = 2
P(-1.5<z<2) = 0.4332 + 0.4772 = 0.9104 or 91.04%
 
9. What is the proportion of the area of the region between z = 1 and z
=2
P(1<z<2) = 0.4772 - 0.3413 = 0.1359 or 13.59%
 
10. Find the proportion area of the region between z = -3 and z = -2
P(-3<z<-2) = 0.4987 - 0.4772 = 0.0215 or 2.15%
ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE OF PROBABILITIES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Examples
1. Find the proportion of the area greater than z = -1

P(z>-1) = 0.3413 + 0.5000 = 0.8413 or 84.13%


2. Find the proportion of the area above z = 1

P(z>1) = 0.5000 – 0.3413 = 0.1587or 15.87%


3. Find the proportion of the area under the
normal curve below z = 1
P(z<1) = 0.3413 + 0.5000 = 0.8413 or 84.13%
 

4. What is the proportion of the area to the left of z


= -1.2
P(z<-1.2) = 0.5000 – 0.3849 = 0.1151 or 11.51%
 

5. Find the proportion of the area below z = 1.45


P(z<1.45) = 0.4265 + 0.5000 = 0.9265 or 92.65%

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