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Simple Machines

The document discusses various simple machines including inclined planes, wedges, screws, levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, gears, and compound machines. It provides examples of each machine and explains how they work using mechanical advantage to increase effort or distance. Kids' inventions are presented that combine multiple simple machines to create compound machines capable of performing chores like cleaning, recycling, and cooking.

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ynid wage
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189 views34 pages

Simple Machines

The document discusses various simple machines including inclined planes, wedges, screws, levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, gears, and compound machines. It provides examples of each machine and explains how they work using mechanical advantage to increase effort or distance. Kids' inventions are presented that combine multiple simple machines to create compound machines capable of performing chores like cleaning, recycling, and cooking.

Uploaded by

ynid wage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK & SIMPLE

MACHINES
WORK = FORCE X DISTANCE
Joules = newtons (N) X meters (m)
CALCULATING WORK
The crane uses 30 newtons of force to lift the iron block 8 meters.

Work done  = Force x Distance moved


 = 30 newtons (F) x 8 meters (D)
 = 240 Joules
How much work was done?
-----------------------------------------------
Because the block is held up high, it becomes:   
potential energy = 240 J (due to gravity)
gravity

If the mass then falls freely to the ground,


just before it hits the ground, it’s . . .
240 J of kinetic energy  
INCLINED PLANE
 Flat surface with 1 end higher than other

 Used to gradually raise or lower objects

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)


INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

Longer Plane = More Distance


 EFFICIENCY
 Friction reduced if surfaces
of plane & load are smooth
Examples of
INCLINED
PLANES

http://www.smartown.com/sp2000/machines2000/inclinedplane.htm
WEDGE
 Type of inclined plane
 Has 1 or 2 sloping sides
 Force applied to wide end
 Narrow end driven into object– push object apart

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)


INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

Longer Point/Edge = More Distance

 EFFICIENCY

Examples of
WEDGES
SCREW
 Type of inclined plane
 Wrapped around a rod
 Direction of force changed
 Amount of force increased

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)


INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

More threads = More Distance

 EFFICIENCY
 Increased when threads closer
Examples of
SCREWS
LEVER
 Does work by turning around FULCRUM
(fixed point)
 Force applied to do the work = EFFORT
 Force created by LOAD when trying to
move it = RESISTANCE

 EFFICIENCYGREATEST
WHEN WORK REQUIRES
THE LEAST EFFORT
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)
INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

Longer Effort Arm = More Distance

arm
or t
eff
load
effort
fulcrum
LESS DISTANCE
BETWEEN
LOAD & FULCRUM

LESS EFFORT NEEDED


TO DO THE WORK
TYPES OF
LEVERS
FIRST
CLASS
LEVER
SECOND
CLASS
LEVER
THIRD
CLASS
LEVER
Summary of LEVER CLASSES

1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class


How do you know
what class a lever is?
Fulcrum= Pivot Point
By whether the fulcrum, Effort force = input force
load, or effort is in the
center. Load (Resistance) = output force
WHEEL & AXLE
 Large wheel fixed to smaller wheel (or shaft)
called an axle

 Both turn together

 Effort usually on larger wheel, moving load of axle

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)


INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

Turning larger wheel = More Distance


Think of as lever rotating in circle around
center fulcrum
 Like steering wheel (larger wheel) on column
(axle)
 Wheel & axle turn together

EFFICIENCY:
 Reduced friction with lubricant
HOW DOES WHEEL & AXLE
WORK?
PULLEY
Wheel with groove
 Allowsrope to ride on wheel
without slipping off

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)


INPUT
DISTANCE
FORCE

Rope around more wheels = More Distance


TYPES OF PULLEYS

FIXED PULLEY
(like clothesline or flagpole)

 Pulley stays in one position

 Moves LOAD up, down or sideways

 Changes DIRECTION of force

 Does not reduce EFFORT


TYPES OF PULLEYS

MOVABLE PULLEY
(for lifting or lowering heavy objects

 Moves along with LOAD

 Reduces EFFORT

 Increases DISTANCE
Examples of
PULLEYS
 Wheels with teeth, so one turns the next
 SMALLER gear turns FASTER than larger gear
 One gear makes other gear beside it turn in
OPPOSITE DIRECTION
 Speeds things up,slows them down, changes direction
of force

GEARS
Compound machines
COMPOUND are made of 2 or more
MACHINE simple machines.
KIDS’ INVENTIONS

Illustrating…
COMPOUND MACHINES Made of at
Least 2
SIMPLE MACHINES
This is the Chore 3,000.

He can clean your room. It


can take the trash out and
do other chores. He is
made of gears, screws and
pulleys.
.
This simple machine is
The Kids’ Chore.
Our simple machine does a lot of stuff such as recycles
cans and then washes them, and then has them come to be
used again. Another thing it does is washes clothes and
hangs them back up for kids.

It also cooks popcorn and pours drinks.


Another thing it does is dusting, it
will dust anything for you. The simple
machines we used were the wheel
and axle,inclined plane, just wheels,
pulleys, and gears.
This is the Chore 5,000.

He can clean your room.


It can take the trash out
and do other chores. He
is made of gears, screws
and pulleys.

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