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Endocrine System

The endocrine system is comprised of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. It includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and placenta. These glands produce hormones that control growth, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, and other important processes throughout the body.

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Punong Grande NHS Banga NHS Annex (R XII - South Cotabato)
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160 views11 pages

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is comprised of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. It includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and placenta. These glands produce hormones that control growth, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, and other important processes throughout the body.

Uploaded by

Punong Grande NHS Banga NHS Annex (R XII - South Cotabato)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone


systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and
many other types of living organisms. They are made
up of:

Glands located throughout the body


• Hormones that are made by the glands and released into
the bloodstream or the fluid surrounding cells; and

Receptors in various organs and tissues that recognize


and respond to the hormones.
• The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the
blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body. The hormones
released by the endocrine system control many important functions in the body,
including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. The
endocrine system includes the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland,
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas. It also
includes the testes in males and the ovaries and placenta (during pregnancy) in
females.
• Hypothalamus. This organ connects your endocrine system with your nervous system. Its main job is to
tell your pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones.
• Pituitary gland. This is your endocrine system’s master gland. It uses information it gets from your brain
to tell other glands in your body what to do. It makes many important hormones, including growth
hormone; prolactin, which helps breastfeeding moms make milk; antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
(vasopressin), which controls blood pressure and helps control body water balance through its effect on
the kidney, corticotropin /ACTH: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone. which stimulates the adrenal gland to
make certain hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the production and
secretion of thyroid hormones, oxytocin which helps in milk ejection during breast feeding; and
luteinizing hormone, which manages estrogen in women and testosterone in men.
• Pineal gland. It makes a chemical called melatonin that helps your body get ready to go to
sleep.
• Thyroid gland. This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls your growth and
metabolism. If this gland doesn't make enough (a condition called hypothyroidism),
everything happens more slowly. Your heart rate might slow down. You could get
constipated. And you might gain weight. If it makes too much (hyperthyroidism),
everything speeds up. Your heart might race. You could have diarrhea. And you might lose
weight without trying. The thyroid gland also produces the hormone calcitonin, which may
contribute to bone strength by helping calcium to be incorporated into bone.
• Parathyroid. This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid. They play a role in bone
health. The glands control your levels of calcium and phosphorus.
• Thymus. This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes that fight infection and
are crucial as a child's immune system develops. The thymus starts to shrink after puberty.
• Adrenals. Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline (also called
epinephrine), these two glands also make hormones called corticosteroids. They affect your
metabolism heart rate, oxygen intake, blood flow, and sexual function, among other things.
• Pancreas. This organ is part of both your digestive and endocrine
systems. It makes digestive enzymes that break down food. It also
makes the hormones insulin and glucagon. These ensure you have the
right amount of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells. If you don't
make insulin, which is the case for people with type 1 diabetes, your
blood sugar levels can get dangerously high. In type 2 diabetes, the
pancreas usually makes some insulin but not enough.
• Ovaries. In women, these organs make estrogen and
progesterone. These hormones help develop breasts at puberty,
regulate the menstrual cycle, and support a pregnancy.
• Testes. In men, the testes make testosterone. It helps them
grow facial and body hair at puberty. It also tells the penis to
grow larger and plays a role in making sperm.

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