Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Centos 7 Partition Management With Fdisk Utility: File System

    Uploaded by

    Gerad T
    This document discusses managing partitions in CentOS 7 using the fdisk utility. It covers: - File systems and the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table limitations - Creating a new partition on /dev/sdb using fdisk and verifying with lsblk - Formatting and mounting the new partition - Making the mount permanent by editing /etc/fstab

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Centos 7 Partition Management With Fdisk Utility: File System

    Uploaded by

    Gerad T
    10 views103 pages
    This document discusses managing partitions in CentOS 7 using the fdisk utility. It covers: - File systems and the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table limitations - Creating a new partition on /dev/sdb using fdisk and verifying with lsblk - Formatting and mounting the new partition - Making the mount permanent by editing /etc/fstab

    Original Title

    Untitled

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses managing partitions in CentOS 7 using the fdisk utility. It covers: - File systems and the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table limitations - Creating a new partition on /dev/sdb using fdisk and verifying with lsblk - Formatting and mounting the new partition - Making the mount permanent by editing /etc/fstab

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views103 pages

    Centos 7 Partition Management With Fdisk Utility: File System

    Uploaded by

    Gerad T
    This document discusses managing partitions in CentOS 7 using the fdisk utility. It covers: - File systems and the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table limitations - Creating a new partition on /dev/sdb using fdisk and verifying with lsblk - Formatting and mounting the new partition - Making the mount permanent by editing /etc/fstab

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 103

    CentOS 7 Partition Management with fdisk Utility

    File System
    In computer system, a File System defines how data or information is stored and retrieved from a storage disk.
    In Windows Operating System, the popular file systems are FAT32 and NTFS. On the other hand in Linux
    Operating System, the popular file systems are ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs (current), vfat, swap, ZFS and GlusterFS.

    The MBR holds the information about how the logical partitions that contains file systems are organized on the
    disk.

    In Linux Operating System the MBR can have maximum 15 partitions and among them 4 partitions are primary
    and the rest are logical partitions.

    On the other hand in the Windows Operating System, the MBR can have maximum 24 partitions where 4 are primary and
    the rest are logical.

    GUID Partition Table (GPT)


    As we can see MBR has limitation on both partitions (4 primary partitions) and storage capacity (2TB), a new partition
    table named GPT (Globally Unique Identifiers Partition Table) has been introduced (a part of the Unified Extensible
    Firmware Interface (UEFI) ) that can have 128 partitions. The GPT uses 64 bit for logical block address and for disks with
    512-byte sectors, maximum size is 9.4 ZB (9.4 × 1021 bytes) or 8 ZiB.
    [root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sd*
    /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk


    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
    ├─sda1 8:1 0 4.7G 0 part /boot
    └─sda2 8:2 0 38.2G 0 part
    ├─centos-root 253:0 0 28G 0 lvm /
    ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 5.6G 0 lvm [SWAP]
    └─centos-home 253:2 0 4.7G 0 lvm /home
    sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
    sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
    sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
    Output we can see there are three disk drives (sda, sdb and sdc) and their present status is like the below description.
    /dev/sda: It is the first SATA/SCSI disk where CentOS 7 is installed and has three partitions. /dev/sda1 is using as /boot
    partion, /dev/sda2 is swap partition and /dev/sda3 is the root partition.
    /dev/sdb:It is a raw SATA/SCSI disk drive.
    /dev/sdc: It is a USB flash drive and has a partition /dev/sdc1 and its partition is informing that it is a NTFS formatted disk.
    Linux normally cannot handle NTFS drive unlike FAT32. To play with NTFS drive in CentOS, you have to use NTFS3G utility.
    File System Partition ID
    NTFS 7
    ext3/ext4/xfs 83
    swap 82
    LVM 8e
    vfat f
    RAID fd
    Crating partition

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb


    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.

    Device does not contain a recognized partition table


    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8fded5d4.

    Command (m for help): n


    Partition type:
    p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
    e extended
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
    First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): --------
    Using default value 2048
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +1000M
    Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1000 MiB is set
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk
    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
    ├─sda1 8:1 0 4.7G 0 part /boot
    └─sda2 8:2 0 38.2G 0 part
    ├─centos-root 253:0 0 28G 0 lvm /
    ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 5.6G 0 lvm [SWAP]
    └─centos-home 253:2 0 4.7G 0 lvm /home
    sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
    └─sdb1 8:17 0 1000M 0 part
    sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
    sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l


    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sdb1 2048 2050047 1024000 83 Linux

    Mounting partition
    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /test/1
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test/1/
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk
    At this stage, our mounted partitions are temporary. If our Operating System gets restarted, these mounted
    directory will be lost. So, we need to do permanent mount. To do permanent mount, we have to put entry in fstab
    file. You can see current fstab entry with the following command.
    RPM (Red Hat Package Manager

     is an default open source and most popular package management utility for Red Hat based systems like
    (RHEL, CentOS and Fedora). The tool allows system administrators and users to install, update, uninstall, query, verify and
    manage system software packages in Unix/Linux operating systems. The RPM formerly known as .rpm file, that includes
    compiled software programs and libraries needed by the packages. This utility only works with packages that built
    on .rpm format

    RPM is free and released under GPL (General Public License).


    RPM keeps the information of all the installed packages under /var/lib/rpm database.
    RPM is the only way to install packages under Linux systems, if you’ve installed packages using source code, then rpm won’t
    manage it.
    RPM deals with .rpm files, which contains the actual information about the packages such as: what it is,

    There are five basic modes for RPM command


    Install : It is used to install any RPM package.
    Remove : It is used to erase, remove or un-install any RPM package.
    Upgrade : It is used to update the existing RPM package.
    Verify : It is used to verify an RPM packages.
    Query : It is used query any RPM package.
    [root@tecmint]# rpm --checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm
    [root@tecmint]# rpm -ivh pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

    Preparing... ########################################### [100%]


    1:pidgin ########################################### [100%]

    -i : install a package


    -v : verbose for a nicer display
    -h: print hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.

    check dependencies of RPM Package before Installing


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qpR BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

    -q : Query a package


    -p : List capabilities this package provides.
    -R: List capabilities on which this package depends..

    Install a RPM Package Without Dependencies


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -ivh --nodeps BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm
    Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
    1:BitTorrent ########################################### [100%]
    [root@tecmint]# rpm -q BitTorrent
    BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch

    List all files of an installed RPM package


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -ql BitTorrent

     List Recently Installed RPM Packages


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qa –last

    List All Installed RPM Packages


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -ql BitTorrent

    List Recently Installed RPM Packages


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qa –last

    List All Installed RPM Packages


    [root@tecmint]# rpm –qa

    Upgrade a RPM Package


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -Uvh nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm

    Remove a RPM Package


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -evv nx
    Remove an RPM Package Without Dependencies
    [root@tecmint]# rpm -ev --nodeps vsftpd

    Query a file that belongs which RPM Package


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/htpasswd

    Query a Information of Installed RPM Package


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qi vsftpd

    Verify a RPM Package


    [root@tecmint downloads]# rpm -Vp sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

    Verify all RPM Packages


    [root@tecmint]# rpm –Va

    Import an RPM GPG key


    [root@tecmint]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

    List all Imported RPM GPG keys


    [root@tecmint]# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

    rebuild Corrupted RPM Database


    [root@tecmint]# cd /var/lib
    # rpm -e --erase (remove, delete, expunge)

    Network management / changing ip address using command and gui

    # ip a

    # nmcli -p dev

    # systemctl restart network

    # ip a s eth0

    # nmtui edit eth0

    Ifconfig

    Ifconfig | grep inet

    Ip addr
    Introduction
    In Linux, a repository is a central database of software. Linux distributions have a central repository for system and
    commonly-used software.

    Yum is a local repository for RPM package files. These packages compress available software for Linux distributions. With the
    repository, you can download, install and hold packages on a local disk or remotely.

    Prerequisites
    Access to a user account with root or sudo privileges
    Access to a terminal window/command-line (Menu > Applications > Utilities > Terminal)
    The YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) package manager, installed by default
    [root@localhost ~]# getenforce ------ to check firewall is activate
    Enforcing
    [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 -------- to disable firewall for temporary
    [root@localhost ~]# getenforce
    Permissive
    [root@localhost ~]#

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -q creterepo vsftpd deltarpm python-deltarpm ------ to check default installed packages
    package creterepo is not installed
    vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64
    deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64
    python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]#

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/pub/yumserver

    [root@localhost ~]# cp -var /run/media/root/CentOS\ 7\ x86_64/Packages/* /var/ftp/pub/yumserver/

    You might also like