The Standard

Normal Distribution
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
68.3%
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
95.4%
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
What is the area corresponding to
the shaded part of the normal curve?
99.7%
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the mean?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the mean?

Figure A: 45 Figure B: 0
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

2. What is the standard deviation?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

2. What is the standard deviation?

Figure A: 6 Figure B: 1
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

3. What is the area of the shaded region?

Figure A: __________ Figure B: _______________
Observe the illustrations then
answer the questions that follow.

3. What is the area of the shaded region?

Figure A: 68.3% Figure B: 77.33%____________
 Normal variable is standardized by setting the
mean to 0 and standard deviation to 1. This is
for the purpose of simplifying the process in
approximating areas for normal curves. As
shown below is the formula used to manually
compute the approximate area.
However, this formula is seldom
used because a table was created
to summarize the approximate
areas under the standard normal
curve and to further simplify the
process. This table of probabilities
is known as the z- table.
 The Z - Table
 Let us get a closer look at the z-table. The outermost column and row
represent the z-values. The first two digits of the z-value are found in
the leftmost column and the last digit (hundredth place) is found on
the first row.
 Suppose the z-score is equal to 1.85, locate the first two digits 1.8 in
the leftmost column and the last digit, .05, can be located at the first
row. Then find their intersection which gives the corresponding area.
Therefore, given z = 1.85, the area is equal to 0.9678.
Other examples are as follow:
1. Find the area that corresponds to
z = 2.67
2. Find the area that corresponds to
z = 1.29

Answer: 0.9015
3. Find the area that corresponds
to z = 3

Answer: 0.9987
4. Find the area that corresponds
to z = - 0.64

Answer: 0.2611
5. Find the area that corresponds
to z = - 2.33

Answer: 0.0099
 Now that you already know how to use the z-
table to find the corresponding area for the z-
score, let us identify the regions under the
nomal curve that corresponds to different
standard normal values. In order to find the
regions, a probability notation is used.
 The probability notation P(a < Z < b) indicates
that the z-value is between a and b, P(Z > a)
means z-value is above a and P(Z < a) means
z-value is below a. It would not matter
whether we are considering P(Z < a) or P(Z ≤
a) or P(Z > a) or P(Z ≥ a).
 Example:
 1. Find the proportion of the area between z = -1.25 and 2.19,
this can be expressed as P(-1.25 < Z < 2.19), read as the
probability that Z is greater than -1.25 but less than 2.19.

STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the z -

scores and shade.
STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the z
- scores in the z-table.
z = -1.25 has a corresponding area of 0.1056
z = 2.19 has a corresponding area of 0.9857
STEP 3: If you are looking for the area between
two z - scores, simply subtract the
corresponding areas to arrive at the answer.
Therefore, 0.9857 - 0.1056 = 0.8801 and the P(-
1.25 < Z < 2.19) = 0.8801 or 88.01%
 Example:
 2. Compute the probability using the standard normal curve.
a. P(Z < 1.67) = ______________
Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the
z - score and shade.
STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the
z - score in the z-table.
z = 1.67 has a corresponding area of
0.9525
STEP 3: If you are looking for a less than
area, the area in the table is the answer,
therefore the P(Z < 1.67) = 0.9525 or
95.25%.
 Example:
 2. Compute the probability using the standard normal curve.
a. P(Z < 1.67) = ______________
Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the
z - score and shade.
STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the
z - score in the z-table.
z = 1.67 has a corresponding area of
0.9525
STEP 3: If you are looking for a less than
area, the area in the table is the answer,
therefore the P(Z < 1.67) = 0.9525 or
95.25%.
 Example:
 2. Compute the probability using the standard normal curve.

b. P(Z > -0.65) = ______________

Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the
z - score and shade.
STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the
z - score in the z-table.
z = -0.65 has a corresponding area of
0.2578
STEP 3: If you are looking for a greater than
area, the area in the table is subtracted
from 1, therefore, 1.0000 – 0.2578 = 0.7422 ,
and the P(Z > -0.65) = 0.7422 or 74.22%
 Do this….
 A. Find the area that corresponds to
 1. z = 2.67
 2. z = 3.41
 3. z = -0.25
 4. z = -1.56
 5. z = 2.87
 B. Find the following. Show your step by step solution.
 1. Find the proportion of the area between z = -2.15 and 1.34

 2. Compute the probability using the standard normal curve.

 a. P(Z < 2.15) = ______________
b. P(Z > -1.26) = ______________
The Z- Score
 The z-score is an essential component in standard
normal distribution. This allows us to describe a given
set of data by finding the z-scores. This leads us to a
question of how z-scores are identified?
 Given a normal random variable X with mean (μ) and
standrad deviation (), each value of x of the variable can
be transformed into z-scores using the formula,
The Z- Score
 To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in
z-score, here are some examples.
 1. A random variable X has a mean of 6 and a
standard deviation of 2. Find the corresponding z-
score for x = 11.
The Z- Score
 Toillustrate how the value of x can be converted in
z-score, here are some examples.
The Z- Score
 Toillustrate how the value of x can be converted in
z-score, here are some examples.
The Z- Score
 To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in z-score, here are some
examples.
 4. The scores in the summative test of 11- STEM B are normally distributed with a mean
of 65 and a standard deviation of 12. Find the probability that some students got a score
below 40.
 Solution:
 STEP 1: Convert the normal value in z-score.
The Z- Score
 To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in z-score, here are some
examples.
 4. The scores in the summative test of 11- STEM B are normally distributed with a mean
of 65 and a standard deviation of 12. Find the probability that some students got a score
below 40.
 Solution:
 STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.
The Z- Score
 5. The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a
normal distribution with the mean 1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3.
Find the pobability that students chosen at random has a height greater
than 1.75.
 Solution:
 STEP 1: Convert the normal value in z - score.
The Z- Score
 5. The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a normal
distribution with the mean 1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Find the
pobability that students chosen at random has a height greater than 1.75.
 Solution:
 STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.
The Z- Score
 5. The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a normal
distribution with the mean 1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Find the
pobability that students chosen at random has a height greater than 1.75.
 Solution:
STEP 3: Locate the corresponding area of the z -
score in the z-table.
z = 0.5 has a corresponding area of 0.6915
STEP 4: If you are looking for a greater than area,
the area in the table is subtracted from 1,
therefore, 1.0000 – 0.6915 = 0.3085 , and the
P(Z > 0.5) = 0.3085 or 30.85%
The Percentile

 A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating

the value below which a given percentage of
observations in a group of observations fall.
 Imagine you took a standardized test and you scored
91 at the 89th percentile. This means that 89% of the
examiners scored lower than 91 and 11% scored
higher than 91. This explains that 89th percentile is
located where 89% of the total population lies below
and 11% lies above that point. To illustrate the 89th
percentile of the normal curve here are the steps:
The Percentile

 1.Express the given percentage as probability,

remember 89% is the same as 0.8900.
 2. Using the z-table (Cumulative Distribution
Function (CDF) of the Standard Normal Curve),
locate the area of 0.8900.
 3. There is no area corresponding exactly to 0.8900.
It is between of 0.8888 with a corresponding z -
score of 1.22 and 0.8907 with a corresponding z -
score of 1.23. The nearest value to 0.8900 is 0.8888
and therefore, the distribution lies below z = 1.22.
The Percentile

 4. Construct a normal curve and shade the region

to the left of 1.22.
Do this….