RUNOFF ESTIMATION IN THE GOMTI RIVER

BASIN USING HEC-HMS

Project Guide Presented by

Abhay Upadhyay (19102)
Prof. H. K. Gupta
Assistant Professor Akhilesh Upadhyay (19109)
CED, KNIT Alok Singh (19110)
Yashwita Shukla (19166)
 Overview

• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objectives
• Study Area
• HEC-HMS model
• SCS-CN method
• Methodology
 Introduction
Hydrology is the science that deals
with the occurrence, circulation,
distribution and movement of water on
the earth, including that in the
atmosphere and below the surface of
the earth

 Hydrological cycle can be defined

as the continuous process of
exchange of water from the earth
surface to the atmosphere

 The basic components of a

hydrological cycle constitute:
Precipitation
Runoff
Evapotranspiration
Infiltration
Figure: Hydrological Cycle Depression storage
( Source: http://www.cwc.gov.in/hydrology ) Interception
 Introduction
WHAT IS RUNOFF ?
• Runoff means the draining or
flowing off of precipitation from a
catchment area through a surface
channel.
• Runoff is the most primary
feature that is needed when
planning water control strategies
like water conservation
structures, waterways and erosion
control structures etc.

Fig : Hydrologic cycle

(Source: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/SMOS/Earth_s_water_cycle)
 Literature Review
S.N Citation Key findings

1. Estimation of Surface Rainfall runoff modeling, a basic tool in the implementation of

Runoff Using Remote water resource management system gives the estimated
surface runoff from the given amount of rainfall. In the
Sensing and GIS present study, the runoff was estimated for the Cheyyar sub
Techniques for basin which falls under the Palar basin using the Soil
Cheyyar Sub Basin Conservation Service (SCS- CN) Curve Number method with
Jasima P and Y. B. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Various thematic maps
Katpatal “GIS Based such as land use land cover map, soil map, Hydrological Soil
Runoff Estimation Of Group(HSG) map and rainfall maps were generated using Arc
Venna River Basin, GIS 10.3 and the curve number values were derived from the
Maharashtra By SCS inherent characteristics of the sub basin. Using the SCS – CN
Curve Number Method”, equation, the calculated curve number values and the non
Journal Of Civil spatial rainfall data values were used to calculate the
Engineering And runoff of the sub basin and the obtained results were
Environmental compared with the actual measured runoff for validation. This
Technology, Volume 2, model gives more acceptable results compared to the runoff
Number 12, April-June, calculated by the other methods. It also found that the
 Literature Review
S.N Citation Key findings

2. Evaluation of HEC-HMS and In the present study, rainfall-runoff modeling was carried out
WEPP for simulating using HEC-HMS and WEPP hydrologic models, and remote
watershed runoff using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Upper Baitarani River
basin of Eastern India. The required precipitation and
sensing and geographical
streamflow data were collected for 7 years (1999–
information system. 2005),together with the soil map, topographic maps, and
Integrated hydrological data DEM and Landsat images of the study area. The input files
book. Central Water for the two hydrologic models were prepared using remote
Commission (CWC), New Delhi. sensing and GIS techniques. For simulating streamflow by
www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloa the HEC-HMS model, the SCS curve number loss method
ds/Integrated_Hydrological_Da to compute runoff volumes. Based on the statistical and
ta_2005.pdf. Accessed,15 June graphical indicators used in this study, it was found that the
2007 HEC-HMS simulated daily streamflow is more reliable than
the WEPP simulated streamflow. Therefore, the use of HEC-
Burger CM, Kolditz O, Fowler
HMS model is recommended for future studies on
HJ, Blenkinsop S (2007) hydrological modeling in this basin.
Future climate scenarios and
rainfall-runoff modeling in the
 Objective

• To estimate runoff using the HEC-HMS Model in the

Gomti River Basin.
 Study Area
•The Gomti River originates near Mainkot,
about 3 km east of Pilibhit town in Uttar
Pradesh, at an elevation of 200 m. The
river drains the area between Ramganga
and Ghaghra systems. The total length of
the river is about 900 km and it flows
entirely in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The
total drainage area of the river is 30,000
sq. km
•The Gomti Basin lies between East
longitudes 79°57’ and 83°11’ and North
latitudes of 25°23’ and 28°42’.
•Sitapur, Lucknow, Sultanpur and
Figure: Location Map of Gomti basin
(Source: STATE WATER RESOURCES AGENCY) Jaunpur are the four major urban
(SWaRA) settlements on the banks of the river.
Government of Uttar Pradesh
 HEC-HMS MODEL

• The Hydrologic Engineering Centre is the apex Centre of Expertise for the
US Army Corps of Engineers and works under the Institute for Water
Resources.
• Its working domain include surface and groundwater hydrology, river
hydraulics and risk analysis, real time water control management.
• HEC-HMS is designed to simulate the rainfall-runoff processes of
watershed systems. It is designed to be applicable in wide range of
geographic areas for solving a broad range of problems.
• HEC-HMS uses separate models to represent each component of the runoff
process, transforms the rainfall excess into Direct Surface Runoff through
a unit hydrograph.
• Each model run combines a basin model, meteorological model, and
control specifications with run options to obtain results.
 SCS-CN METHOD

• Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method plays a vital role in the rainfall
runoff modeling. Developed by the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), this method also known as Natural Resources Soil
Conservation Service Curve Number method (NRSC- CN)
• The SCS-CN loss model will be used in the present study.
• This method, not only considers the climatic factors in the area,
but also the basin characteristics like soil texture, soil group, land
use land cover pattern and slope.
• The SCS CN table gives CN for different combinations of land use and
soil group, the Curve Number parameter is dimensionless and varies
from 0 (maximum infiltration) to 100 (zero infiltration). The CN map
can be obtained from the intersection of the soil hydrological group
and land use land cover map
 SCS-CN METHOD
The general form of the equation for estimating runoff by SCS-CN method
used in this project are:
When P>=I

And when P<I

Q=0
Where,
Q = Runoff expressed in mm.
P = Rainfall expressed in mm.
S = Actual maximum storage expressed in mm.
I = Initial abstraction expressed in mm. (Initial abstraction is the amount of
water got infiltrated in soil and got evaporated , means water which did
not contribute in the runoff and by various experiments it was found that,
I = O.2S )
 SCS-CN METHOD

The parameter S can be determined using Curve number by

the following equation:
S = (25400/CN) - 254
Where,
CN = Curve Number, it is a dimensionless index calculated on
the basis of LULC and Soil type properties.
So, for calculating Runoff we need two basic parameters one is
rainfall, which can be procured by Indian Meteorological
department or CWC and second parameter is CN, which can be
calculated using HEC-HMS Model
 SCS-CN METHOD

 Higher would be the rate of

infiltration, higher would be
the Initial abstraction (I)
and therefore, lower would
be the Runoff potential
Therefore, The runoff
potential areas can be
used for the artificial
water storage structures
like check dams where
water can be stored and
also helps in developing
better water conservation
strategies.
Flow chart showing Methodology to estimate runoff by
SCS CN model
 METHODOLOGY
Major steps to be followed in this project are as
follows:
• Using Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) map and Soil
type map of the watershed.
• Preparation of Hydrological soil group map for
making appropriate hydrological soil classification
A, B, C, D, using Soil type data.
• Overlaying the LULC map with the Hydrological soil
group map using HEC-HMS MODEL to decide the
curve number.
• Finally, the runoff is estimated on the basis of the
rainfall that occurred in the study area and by
using SCS-CN method.
THANK YOU