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Natural Hazards & Disasters: General Science & Ability by CSS All in One

The document discusses natural hazards, disasters, and disaster management. It defines a disaster as a sudden event that disrupts a community's functioning and causes losses exceeding its ability to cope. A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people or systems. Effective disaster management includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts to reduce impacts and support swift rehabilitation. The goals are to reduce losses from hazards and ensure prompt assistance and recovery for disaster victims.

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Sam Awan
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53 views20 pages

Natural Hazards & Disasters: General Science & Ability by CSS All in One

The document discusses natural hazards, disasters, and disaster management. It defines a disaster as a sudden event that disrupts a community's functioning and causes losses exceeding its ability to cope. A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people or systems. Effective disaster management includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts to reduce impacts and support swift rehabilitation. The goals are to reduce losses from hazards and ensure prompt assistance and recovery for disaster victims.

Uploaded by

Sam Awan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Natural Hazards &

Disasters
General Science & Ability
By CSS All in One
What is a disaster?

• A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously


disrupts the functioning of a community or society and
causes human, material, and economic or
environmental losses that exceed the community’s or
society’s ability to cope using its own resources”.
Disaster

A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people. The combination


of hazards, vulnerability and inability to reduce the potential negative
consequences of risk results in a disaster.

Disaster = Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity

It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and


insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences
of risk.
Hazard, Vulnerability & Capacity
• Hazard can be defined as a threatening event, or probability of occurrence of a
potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area.
• Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an
individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of
a natural or man-made hazard.
• Vulnerability increase by
• Poverty
• Poor infrastructure
• Lack of natural resource
• Capacity can be defined as The resources available to individuals, households and
communities to cope with a threat or to resist the impact of a hazard. Such
resources can be physical or material, but they can also be found in the way a
community is organized or in the skills or attributes of individuals and/or
Hazard Types
Hazards in Pakistan
NATURAL HUMAN INDUCED
DROUGHTS TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS
EARTHQUAKES OIL SPILLS
FLOODS URBAN FIRES
TSUNAMI
CIVIL CONFLICTS
AVALANCHES
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENTS
LANDSLIDES
CYCLONES/STORMS CHEMICAL, NUCLEAR AND

GLACIAL LAKE OUTBURSTS RADIOLOGICAL (CNR) ACCIDENTS


RIVER EROSION
PEST ATTACKS
EPIDEMICS
Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
• Lead Time Available.

• Intensity of Hazard.

• Duration.

• Spatial Extent.

• Density of Population & Assets.

• Time of Occurrence.

• Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at Risk.


ELEMENTS AT RISK
• People
• Livestock
• Rural Housing
• Houses
• Crops, Trees, Forests
• Telephone, Electric poles, Sewerage system
• Communication Network, Roads, Railways, airports
• Boats, Shipping Infrastructureh, Coast side buildings
• Personal Property
• Universities, Hospitals
• Infrastructure Support
Disasters in our Course
Disaster Management
Disaster Management

• Disaster Management can be defined as the organization

and management of resources and responsibilities for

dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in

particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to

lessen the impact of disasters.


Goals of Disaster Management

(1) Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards

(2) Assure prompt assistance to victims

(3) Achieve rapid and effective recovery


Human Response to hazards

• Reactive – traditional response


• Impact
• Direct (People killed, property damaged – affects individuals or
small groups) and
• Indirect effects (mental trauma, tax, donations—affects
population)
• Stages:
• Emergency: Search and Rescue, shelter, opening roads
• Restoration: water and power, return to home, cleaning of
rubble
• Reconstruction I: Return to pre-disaster level
• Reconstruction II: improvement
• Rapid Restoration can be counter-productive
Disaster Management cycle
Mitigation

Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the probability of


disaster occurrence, or reduce the effects of unavoidable
disasters. Mitigation measures include:
• building codes;
• vulnerability analyses updates;
• zoning and g use management;
• building use regulations and safety codes;
• preventive health care; and
• public education.
Preparedness
During the preparedness phase, governments, organizations, and individuals
develop plans to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and enhance disaster
response operations. Preparedness measures include:
• preparedness plans;
• emergency exercises/training;
• warning systems;
• emergency communications systems;
• evacuations plans and training;
• resource inventories;
• emergency personnel/contact lists;
• mutual aid agreements; and
• public information/education.
Response

• Evacuation/Mitigation

• Search and Rescue

• Assessment

• Emergency Relief

• Logistics and Supply

• Communication and information Management

• Survivor Response and coping

• Security

• Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction


Recovery

Recovery activities continue until all systems return to normal

or better. Recovery measures, both short and long term,

include returning vital life-support systems to minimum

operating standards; temporary housing; public information;

health and safety education; reconstruction; counseling


CHALLENGES

LACK OF POLITICAL ATTENTION


RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS AND COMPETING DEMANDS
LACK OF AWARENESS AND
LACK OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD OF
DRM

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