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Block - Diagram Introduction Lecture

Block diagrams can represent both linear and nonlinear control systems using graphical elements like plants, controllers, actuators, and sensors interconnected with lines. The block diagram shows the system components and their connections but not mathematical details. If the relationships between elements are known, the block diagram can be used to analytically or computationally solve the system. Block diagrams are reduced by multiplying blocks in series and adding blocks in parallel, and removing minor feedback loops, while avoiding shifting pick-up points in a way that violates the critical rules.

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78 views11 pages

Block - Diagram Introduction Lecture

Block diagrams can represent both linear and nonlinear control systems using graphical elements like plants, controllers, actuators, and sensors interconnected with lines. The block diagram shows the system components and their connections but not mathematical details. If the relationships between elements are known, the block diagram can be used to analytically or computationally solve the system. Block diagrams are reduced by multiplying blocks in series and adding blocks in parallel, and removing minor feedback loops, while avoiding shifting pick-up points in a way that violates the critical rules.

Uploaded by

zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Block –Diagram Introduction

Typical block elements that appear in the block diagram representation of


most control systems include plant, controller, actuator, and sensor.
Significance of block Diagram
• The block diagram in this case simply shows how the system components
are interconnected, and no mathematical details are given.
• If the mathematical and functional relationships of all the system
elements are known.
• The block diagram can be used as a tool for the analytic or computer
solution of the system.
• In general, block diagrams can be used to model linear as well as nonlinear
systems. For example, the input-output relations of the dc-motor control
system may be represented by the block diagram shown in Fig
Blocks connected in series get Multiplied
Blocks connected in parallel get added
Block –Diagram Reduction Rules for summing
Points Ahead and behind
Block –Diagram Reduction Rules for (Pick
up/branch /takeoff) points Ahead and behind
Removing the Minor Feedback Loop
Avoid such shifting
• For parallel combination the direction of
signals through the block must be same.
Critical Rule 1
Critical Rule 2
How to Solve Block Diagrams
• Step 1: Reduce blocks connected in series and
then parallel first.
• Step2 Reduce the minor feedback loop.
• Step 3 : Until and unless there is no requirement
of the problem try to shift take off points
towards right and summing points towards left
and avoid the critical rules.
• Step 4: Repeat steps 1 to 3 until simple transfer
function form is attained

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