Cyclone Resilient Electrical Power

Infrastructure

Presented by
Ashish Tripathi, Purujit Chaturvedi
Roll number - 2022783 , 2022787
Gu
Semester - 6th Semester
by -
Department - Electrical Engineering
Dr. Md. Fuzai
 What are Cyclones?
❖ Structure and formation
❖ Categorization
❖ Impact of Cyclone
❖ Cyclone Preparedness and Safety Procedures
❖ Conclusion
❖ References
 A system of winds rotating
inwards to an area of low

Definition barometric pressure, with an

anticlockwise (northern
hemisphere) or clockwise
(southern hemisphere)
circulation; a depression.
Structure and Formation
 Cyclones are names variously in variously
regions

❖ A Cyclone is general term for violent circular winds with

torrential rains that originate in the tropics.
❖ Hurricanes is the term when they occur in the Atlantic
Ocean.
❖ They are called Typhoons in the Pacific oceans.
❖ They are also known as cyclones in the Indian ocean.
Structure and Formation

● structure of the cyclone consists of northern hemisphere

center & southern hemisphere.
● Usually a cyclone hits where there is low atmospheric
pressure and the low atmospheric pressure.
● They are mostly found in the tropical and subtropical
regions.
Formation of Cyclone

❖ Cold cores Cyclones :

● Forms due to the motion of a cyclone.

● The pressure here increases upwards.

❖ Warm - Core Cyclones :

● starts due to the upper pressure & as the cyclones form

it increases its strength.
Structure of cyclone
Categorization
Types of cyclones

❖ Polar Cyclones
❖ Polar low Cyclones
❖ Sub - Tropical Cyclones
❖ Tropical Cyclones
❖ Extraterrestrial Cyclones
Polar Cyclones

● They are low-pressure zones embedded within the

polar air masses and exist year-round.
● The stratospheric polar vortex develops at latitudes above
the subtropical jet stream.
● Horizontally, most polar vortices have a radius of less than
1,000 kilometres (620 mi).
Polar Low

● It is a mesoscale, short-lived atmospheric low pressure

system (depression) .
● found over the ocean areas poleward of the main polar
front in both the Northern & Southern Hemispheres, as
well as the Sea of Japan.
Sub Tropical Cyclone

● It is a weather system that has some characteristics of

both tropical & an extratropical cyclone.
● As early as the 1950s, meteorologists were uncertain
whether they should be characterized as tropical or
extratropical cyclones.
Tropical Cyclones
● It is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a
low-pressure center.
● A closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds,
and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce
heavy rain or squalls.
● Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone
is referred to by different names, including hurricane,
typhoon, tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical
depression, or simply cyclone.
● A hurricane is a strong tropical cyclone that occurs in the
Atlantic Ocean.
 Medium impact

Impact
Cyclone effect on Odisha
● Natural disaster is a regular phenomenon in the
Indian Peninsula affecting not only life and
livelihood but also energy infrastructure largely.
● The frequency of extreme cyclonic events is rising
& it is more prominent in coastal belts of India.
● For eg, since 1965 Odisha, one of the Indian
states, has experienced floods for 17 years,
droughts for 19 years, and cyclone for seven years
as per available record of the state government.
Cyclone affected Districts of Odisha
● The state experienced a major cyclone called
super cyclone during the year 1999 .
● whose intensity and impact were very high as
compared to any other natural disasters during
last 30 years in the climatic change history of
Odisha.
● There was 8 metres high torrential storm surge
that hit the coast of Odisha, traveling up to 20 km
inland.
● The super cyclone damaged 17,110 km² of crops,
uprooted 90 million trees, and damaged 275,000
homes.
Total Damage to Power System
Cyclone Preparedness and Safety
Procedures
Before the Cyclone Season
● Check with your local council or your building control
authority to see if your home has been built to cyclone
standards.
● Check that the walls, roof and eaves of your home are
secure.
● Trim treetops and branches well clear of your home (get
council permission).
● Preferably fit shutters, or at least metal screens, to all
glass areas.
● Clear your property of loose material that could blow
about and possibly cause injury or damage during
extreme winds.
● In case of a storm surge/tide warning, or other flooding,
know your nearest safe high ground and the safest access
route to it.
● Prepare an emergency kit containing:
○ a portable battery radio, torch and spare batteries;
○ water containers, dried or canned food and a can
opener;
 ○ matches, fuel lamp, portable stove, cooking gear,
eating utensils; and
○ a first aid kit and manual, masking tape for windows
and waterproof bags.
● Keep a list of emergency phone numbers on display.
Check neighbours, especially if recent arrivals, to make sure
they are prepared.
When the Cyclones Strikes
● Disconnect all electrical appliances. Listen to your battery
radio for updates.
● Stay inside and shelter (well clear of windows) in the
strongest part of the building,
i.e. cellar, internal hallway or bathroom. Keep evacuation
and emergency kits with you.
● If the building starts to break up, protect yourself with
mattresses, rugs or blankets under a strong table or
bench or hold onto a solid fixture, e.g. a water pipe.
● Beware the calm 'eye'. If the wind drops, don't assume the
cyclone is over; violent winds
will soon resume from another direction. Wait for the
official 'all clear'.
If driving, stop (handbrake on and in gear) — but well away
from the sea and clear of trees,power lines and streams. Stay
in the vehicle.
 After the Cyclone
● Don't go outside until officially advised it is safe.
● Check for gas leaks. Don't use electric appliances if wet.
● Listen to local radio for official warnings and advice.
● If you have to evacuate, or did so earlier, don't return until
advised. Use a recommended route and don't rush.
● Beware of damaged power lines, bridges, buildings, trees,
and don't enter floodwaters.
● Heed all warnings and don't go sightseeing. Check/help
neighbours instead.
Cyclone Resilient Electrical Power Infrastructure :
● Underground wiring :

● In urban areas Underground cables 4 are used

for bulk transmission of power, underground
cables consist of one or more conductors covered
with suitable insulation and surrounded by a
protecting cover .
● In Underground wiring, the cables may be
buried directly under the ground or it may be
installed in ducts buried in the ground.
● The cable could have more than one core it is
entirely depended upon the service which it is
used for and the conductors in the cable will be of
aluminum or copper core is provided with proper
insulation .
● It is depended upon the voltage to be withstood
by the cable most commonly used insulation
materials are varnished cambric, impregnated
paper or rubber mineral compound.
Underground Wiring Cable
Advantages of Underground Cables :
● Physical protection is high for underground
cables low ambient temperature will be
presented to the cables and it could result in high
ampacities.
● A heat sink is provided by the soil and it would
make a good impact on transient loading
capabilities .
● It has a low voltage drop and has low maintenance.
Laying of Underground Cables :
● Underground cable reliability is depended upon the
laying.
● if the underground cable is not properly laid it will
affect the reliability.
● So proper laying must be done. There are three main
laying methods for underground cables they are :
● Direct laying .
● Draw in system .
● Solid system .
Limitations of Underground Lines :
● It is highly expensive .
● In underground cables the cable length is
limited due to physical factors unlike overhead
lines .
● Higher the voltage shorter the line length must
be .
● Limiting effects will become important at
transmission voltages especially 100,000 volts
and above .
Conclusion
● Extreme cyclonic events are regular phenomena in
the east-coast region of India that has affected not
only the property and life but also energy
infrastructure drastically.
● The frequency of extreme cyclonic events is also
rising. Since 1965, east-coast of India experienced
several floods, droughts, and cyclones .
● A little effort has been given to provide cyclone
resilient energy infrastructure in the east-coast
region amounting to huge amount of public
expenditure during post-cyclonic events.
● While huge amount of investment is needed for
underground cables and climate resilient overhead
cables a thorough pre-feasibility assessment in line
with sustainability of the infrastructure is required.
● This is because there may be flood and the water
may go inside the tunnel.
● So, in that case the problem may arise for any
kind of repair for any small damage.
● There should be prohibition for any kind of
construction activity, where the underground
cables are undergrounded.
References
● Wikipedia : Electric India Cea.nic.in
● Forumautomation.com