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Starting with
Python
Module 1

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Outline:

• Introduction to Python
• The print() Function
• Data Types
• Type Casting

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What edit Master title style
is python?

• Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming

language with dynamic semantics.
• Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic
typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid
Application Development
• Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and
therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance.

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What edit Master title style
is python?

• Python supports modules and packages, which encourages

program modularity and code reuse.
• The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are
freely distributed.

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Python edit Master title style

• The Python interpreter is a virtual machine, meaning that it is

software that emulates a physical computer
• It will read each line and doesn’t create an immediate object code
like the compiler does
• Python interpreter takes an interactive command and executes it
• All lines of source code are completed (translated) one line at a
time.
• Compilation of the source codes occur through the translation
process.

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Python edit Master title style

• Python provides a Python Shell, which is used to execute a single

Python command and display the result.
• It is also known as REPL (Read, Evaluate, Print, Loop), where it
reads the command, evaluates the command, prints the result,
and loop it back to read the command again.

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Python edit Master
Editorstitle style

• IDLE (Integrated Development and Learning Environment) is an

integrated development environment (IDE) for Python
• IDLE can be used to execute a single statement just like Python
Shell and also to create, modify, and execute Python scripts
• IDLE provides a fully-featured text editor to create Python script
that includes features like syntax highlighting, autocompletion,
and smart indent
• It also has a debugger with stepping and breakpoints features

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Click to Common
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Syntax

• NEWLINE character “\n”

• Backslash [/] to Join Statement Span over Multiple Lines
• Multiple Statements in Single Line
• Semicolon [;] to Separate Multiple Statements in a Single Line

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Indentation Master title style
Python

• Leading space or tab at the beginning of the line is considered as

indentation level of the line, which is used to determine the group
of statements.
• Statements with the same level of indentation considered as a
group or block
• Python uses indentation (a space or a tab) to denote a block of
statements

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Indentation Master title style

• Use the colon : to start a block and press Enter

• All the lines in a block must use the same indentation, either
space or a tab
• Python recommends four spaces as indentation to make the code
more readable
• Do not mix space and tab in the same block
• A block can have inner blocks with next level indentation

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Simulation Master title style

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Comments Pythontitle style

• In a Python script, the symbol # indicates the start of a comment

line
• It is effective till the end of the line in the editor
• In Python, there is no provision to write multi-line comments, or a
block comment
• For multi-line comments, each line should have the # symbol at
the start
• A triple quoted multi-line string is also treated as a comment if it is
not a docstring of the function or the class

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The to editFunction
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• Objects are Python's abstraction for data

• In Python, data are represented by objects or by relations
between objects
• Use the type() function to get the class name of an object
• All values are actually an object of a class depending upon the
value.

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Variables Master title style
Assignment

• Variables in Python are names given to objects, so that it

becomes easy to refer a value
• A variable points to an object
• A literal value is assigned to a variable using the = operator where
the left side should be the name of a variable, and the right side
should be a value
• Different operations can be performed on variables using various
operators based on the type of variables, for example, the +
operator sums up two int variables, whereas it concatenates two
string type variables

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Naming edit Master title style

Any suitable identifier can be used as a name of a variable, based on the following rules:

1. The name of the variable should start with either an alphabet letter (lower or upper case)
or an underscore (_), but it cannot start with a digit.
2. More than one alpha-numeric characters or underscores may follow.
3. The variable name can consist of alphabet letter(s), number(s) and underscore(s) only.
1. For example, myVar, MyVar, _myVar, MyVar123 are valid variable names, but m*var, my-var, 1myVar
are invalid variable names.

4. Variable names in Python are case sensitive

5. Variable names cannot be a reserved keywords in Python.
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Python edit Types
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Data types are the classification or categorization of data items

• Scalar
• Sequence
• Mapping
• Set
• Mutable and Immutable

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Scalar editTypes
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• int: Positive or negative whole numbers (without a fractional part)
e.g. -10, 10, 456, 4654654.
• float: Any real number with a floating-point representation in which
a fractional component is denoted by a decimal symbol or
scientific notation e.g. 1.23, 3.4556789e2.
• complex: A number with a real and imaginary component
represented as x + 2y.
• bool: Data with one of two built-in values True or False. Notice
that 'T' and 'F' are capital. true and false are not valid booleans
and Python will throw an error for them.
• None: The None represents the null object in Python. A None is
returned by functions that don't explicitly return a value.

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Sequence Master
Data Typestitle style

A sequence is an ordered collection of similar or different data types. Python

has the following built-in sequence data types:

• String: A string value is a collection of one or more characters put in single,

double or triple quotes.
• List: A list object is an ordered collection of one or more data items, not
necessarily of the same type, put in square brackets.
• Tuple: A Tuple object is an ordered collection of one or more data items, not
necessarily of the same type, put in parentheses.
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Mapping DataMaster
Type title style

• Dictionary: A dictionary Dict() object is an unordered collection of

data in a key:value pair form.
• A collection of such pairs is enclosed in curly brackets.
• For example: {1:"Steve", 2:"Bill", 3:"Ram", 4: "Farha"}

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Mutable and Master titleData
Immutable styleTypes

• Numbers, strings, and Tuples are immutable, which means their

contents can't be altered after creation.

• List or Dictionary object can be modified. It is possible to add,

delete, insert, and rearrange items in a list or dictionary. Hence,
they are mutable objects.

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Mathematical title style
Operators

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Objects Master title style
Identity

• Each object in Python has an id

• It is the object's address in memory represented by an integer
value
• The id() function returns the id of the specified object where it is
stored
• An id will be changed if a variable changed to different value
• Multiple variables assigned to the same literal value will have the
same id

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Multiple Master
Variable title style
Assignment

• You can declare multiple variables and assign values to each

variable in a single statement separated by a comma (,)
• Assignment of values to variables must be in the same order in
they declared

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Type edit Master title style
Casting

• There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a

variable
• This can be done with casting
• Python is an object-orientated language, and as such it uses
classes to define data types, including its primitive types.

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Casting

• Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:

• int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float literal

(by removing all decimals), or a string literal (providing the string
represents a whole number)
• float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float literal or
a string literal (providing the string represents a float or an integer)
• str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types, including
strings, integer literals and float literals

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Built-in edit Master title style

A numeric object of one type can be converted in another type using the
following functions:

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