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Conditionals

This document discusses the five types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It provides examples for each type and explains the verb tenses used in their clauses. The zero conditional expresses general truths using simple present tense in both clauses. The first conditional discusses possible future events using present tense in the if-clause and future will/may/can in the main clause. The second conditional refers to unrealistic or hypothetical scenarios, using past tense throughout. Proper use of conditionals is important to convey varying meanings.

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46 views16 pages

Conditionals

This document discusses the five types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It provides examples for each type and explains the verb tenses used in their clauses. The zero conditional expresses general truths using simple present tense in both clauses. The first conditional discusses possible future events using present tense in the if-clause and future will/may/can in the main clause. The second conditional refers to unrealistic or hypothetical scenarios, using past tense throughout. Proper use of conditionals is important to convey varying meanings.

Uploaded by

Nazlıcan ŞEKER
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONDITIONALS

IMPORTANT!
There five types of conditional sentences. It’s importnt to use the correct
structure for each of these different conditional sentences because they express
varying meanings. We must pay attention to verb tense when using different
conditional modes. Use a comma after the if-clause when the if clause precedes
the main clause.
Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical
situations and their consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a
conditional clause( often referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence (the
main clause).

 If they don’t have tickets, they don’t let people into the stadium. (Zero Conditional)
 If they win the championship, they’ll play in the European Cup.( First Conditional)
 If we had £30, we would get a taxi home. ( Second Conditional)

 If I had cleaned the house, I would have gone to the movies. (Third Conditional)
 If I had worked harder, I would be in a better position now.(Mixed Conditional)
IMPORTANT!

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE , MAIN CLAUSE


If you eat healhy food, you don’t gain weight.
If you study harder, you become more successful.

MAIN CLAUSE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE


You don’t gain weight if you eat healhy food.
You become more successful if you study harder.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Zero conditional sentences express general truths- situations in which one thing always causes
another. When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a general truth rather than a
specific instance of something.

IF CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE


IF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
IMPERATIVES

If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities


If you heat ice, it melts.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
If you freeze water,it becomes solid.
Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

If Bill phones,tell him to meet me at the cinema.


If you’re not sure what to do, ask Pete.
If you want to come, call me before 17:00 p.m.
BE CAREFUL (IF-WHEN)

If and when can be used interchangeably in these zero conditional


sentences.This is because the outcome will always be the same,so it doesn’t
matter ‘if’ or ‘when’ it happens.

If you heat ice, it melts.


When you heat ice, it melts.

If it rains, the grass gets wet.


When it rains, the grass gets wet.

If people smoke cigarettes,their health suffers.


When people smoke cigarettes, their health suffers.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the
outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future.To talk about
possible future action or situation we use first conditional.

IF CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE


IF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, FUTURE WILL
CAN/COULD/SHOULD/MAY/MIGHT/MUST

If you rest, you will feel better.


If Sally is late again, her father will be mad.
If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.

If they play in the Cup, they might make a lot of money.


If they make a lot of money, they can buy new football players.
If they buy new football players, they should win the championship again.
BE CAREFUL (IF-WHEN)

We use Zero Conditional only when a certain result is guaranteed.If the result
is likely, use the first conditional.Don’t confuse if & when.

If it is hot, we will go on a picnic. (We are talking about a possibility. We are


not sure about it.)
When I go home, I will have a shower. ( It is certain. I will do it. I am sure)

When I see Proffesor Richman, I will give my report.


If I see Proffessor Richman, I will give my report.
UNLESS (IF---NOT)
We use unless to mean ‘if ---not’ / ‘except if’

If they are not with an adult, children cannot go in.


Unless they are with an adult,children cannot go in.

You can’t park here if you don’t live in this street.


You can’t park here unless you live in this street.

I don’t drive fast except if I’m really late.


I don’t drive fast unless I’m really late.

I can’t help you if you don’t tell me the truth.


I can’t help you unless you tell me the truth.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes that are
completely unrealistic/ hypothetical or will not likely to happen in the future. We
imagine a result in present or future but not real. We use the second conditional
to talk about imaginary situation in the present or future and its consequences.

IF CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE


IF SIMPLE PAST TENSE, WOULD+INFINITIVE
IF +SUBJECT+COULD COULD+ INFINITIVE
MIGHT+INFINITIVE
If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.
If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so tired.
If she fell, she would hurt herself.
What would you do if someone gave you a million dollars?
If I were the president of the country,I would govern it better.
If someone asked you to jump off a cliff, what would you do?
FATMA SALİHA İŞLEK

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