LECTURE 23

Chapter 3:
 Vector Calculus
 Divergence Theorem

Pn Nurzalina Harun
SURFACE INTEGRALS
 Any integral to be evaluated over the surface S is called a surface integral. Let S be a two sided
surface. Let one side of S be considered as positive. (If S is a closed surface, the outer side is taken to
be positive).

Definition
Let , where M, N, and P have continuous first partial derivatives defined on an oriented surface S
oriented with unit normal vector , then the flux of across S (surface integral) is
❑

∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆
𝑆

If S is a closed surface, we may use the notation .

Evaluation of a flux integral is based on the following theorem.

From z-axis:

⃗𝑛❑𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=0
𝑆

Evaluation of the surface integral/ flux

1. If R is a projection
❑ of surface❑S on the xy-plane, then
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
From z-axis: ∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ ∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆
⃗ ⃗ 𝑑𝐴 : 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 @ 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 @𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧

Note: Gradient of surface S:

2. If R is a projection of surface S on the yz-plane, then
❑ ❑
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
From x-axis: ⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ ∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 𝑑𝐴 : 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 @ 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦 @ 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝑆 𝑅 𝑥

3. If R is a projection of surface S on the xz-plane, then

❑
❑ 𝑑𝐴
From y-axis:
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ ∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆
𝑆𝑦
𝑑𝐴 : 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧@ 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥 @𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝑅
𝑆

Note: Gradient of surface S:

 Example 1
Calculate the surface integral of over the surface of the plane , bounded by xy-plane.

𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )
2 2
Solution:
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 =1 2. xy-plane
𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑧=0 1 . 𝑧 =𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2
1 𝑆 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1 2 . 𝑧 =− ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )
2 2
1

3. 𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

𝑆 2 : 𝑧 =0 Simultaneous Equation:
❑
Surface integral/ flux ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆
❑ 𝑆❑ ❑
𝑑𝐴
From z-axis:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2=1
𝑅 𝑧
𝑥2 + 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1 0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 𝑦 𝑧
=
2𝑥 ⃗𝑖+2 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+ ⃗𝑘 = 1
⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗 + ⃗𝑘   ) =¿2 𝑥 2 +2 𝑦 2 +2 𝑧=¿ 2 𝑥 2 +2 𝑦 2 +2 ( 1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )=¿2
⃗ ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 𝑘⃗ ) ∙ ( 2 𝑥 𝑖+2
( 𝑥 𝑖+𝑦
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿
❑

∬ ❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑧 :

𝑅 𝑧 =1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟=1
𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 1
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫
⃗ ⃗ ∫2
𝑟 =0 1
=¿ 2 𝜋 𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1
𝑆 𝑅
: (-ve)
𝑧=0 0
𝑆 2 : 𝑧=0
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆2 =𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿ 0 ⃗𝑖+0
𝑘⃗ ⃗
𝑗+1 ⃗
𝑘 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ( 𝑥 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆2=¿ ⃗ ) ∙ ( 0 𝑖+0
⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+ 2 𝑧❑ 𝑘 ⃗   ) =¿0+0+2 𝑧=¿2 ( 0 ) =¿
⃗ ⃗𝑗+1 𝑘 0
∬❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑧 : 𝑧=0
𝑅
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟=1
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆2 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫
⃗ ⃗ ∫ 0 1 =¿0
𝑟 =0
𝑥2 + 𝑦 2=1
𝑆 𝑅

❑
Surface integral/ flux= ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿𝑆 +𝑆 =¿2 𝜋 −0=¿2 𝜋
1 2
𝑆
(+ve) (-ve)

1
𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1

𝑆 2 : 𝑧=0
 Example 2
Calculate the surface integral of over the surface of the plane , bounded by yz-plane.

𝑧 𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 + 𝑧 )
2 2
Solution:
1. 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑥=4 2. yz-plane
𝑆 2 : 𝑥=0 𝑧
𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2 ) 𝑥=0 1.
𝑧 𝑦
𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4 2 2.
3.
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
2
42
𝑆1 : 𝑦 + 𝑧 2+ 𝑥=4
𝑥 ❑ Simultaneous Equation:
Surface integral/ flux ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆 1. 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑥=4 2. 𝑥=0
❑ 𝑆❑ ❑
𝑑𝐴
From x-axis:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2
⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4
𝑆 𝑅 𝑥 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4
𝑅 𝑥
𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 + 𝑧 )
2 2 𝑆1 : 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2+ 𝑥 −4 =0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 = ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 ⃗𝑘
𝑖+2 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑧 ⃗𝑘) ∙ ( 𝑖+2
( 𝑥 𝑖+𝑦
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 𝑘⃗ )=¿𝑥+2 𝑦 2+2 𝑧 2=¿( 4 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) +2 𝑦 2 +2 𝑧 2 =¿4 + 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2=¿4 +𝑟 2
x :
om x-axis
2 2
𝑥=4 − 𝑦 − 𝑧
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
𝑑𝐴 2 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑥 =¿¿𝜃∫=0
⃗ ⃗ ∫ )
( 4+𝑟
𝑟 =0 1
=¿24 𝜋 𝑆 2 : 𝑥=0
𝑆 𝑅
: (-ve)
𝑥=0 0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 ⃗𝑖+0 42
𝛻 𝑆2 =𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 𝑦 ¿ 1
𝑧 𝑘⃗ ⃗
𝑗 +0 ⃗
𝑘 = 1 𝑆1 : 𝑦 + 𝑧 2+ 𝑥=4
⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+𝑧 ⃗𝑘❑) ∙ ( 𝑖+0
( 𝑥 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆2=¿ ⃗ ⃗𝑗+0 ⃗𝑘   ) =¿ 𝑥+0+0=¿𝑥 =¿ 0
∬❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑥 : 𝑥=0
𝑅
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆2 𝑆𝑥 =¿¿𝜃=0∫ 𝑟∫=0 0 1 =¿ 0
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅

∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿𝑆 +𝑆 =¿24 𝜋 −0=¿2 4 𝜋

Surface integral/ flux= 1 2
𝑆
(+ve) (-ve)
 Example 3
A vector field exists over a surface S defined by and bounded by side surfaces in the
1st octant. Evaluate over the surface indicated.

1. 2 𝑥+ 𝑦 +2 𝑧=4 2. S ide   surfaces

Solution: 𝑥=0 𝑦 =0 𝑧=0
𝑆1 :2 𝑥+ 𝑦 + 2 𝑧=4
𝑦
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0 42 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
𝑥
𝑆 4 : 𝑧=0 2
Simultaneous Equation:
❑
Surface integral/ flux ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆
❑ 𝑆❑ ❑
𝑑𝐴
From z-axis:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2+𝑆3 +𝑆4
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 4 2𝑥+𝑦=
𝑅 𝑧
𝑆1 :2 𝑥+ 𝑦 +2 𝑧 − 4=0
2
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 𝑦 𝑧
=
2 ⃗𝑖+ ⃗𝑗 + ⃗
2𝑘 = 2
⃗ ( 2 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗ ) ∙ ( 2 𝑖+
⃗ ⃗𝑗+3 𝑘 ⃗ ⃗𝑗 +2 ⃗𝑘   )=¿2 ( 2 ) +1+ 3(2)=¿ 11
❑

|
❑ 𝑥= 2 𝑦=4− 2𝑥
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑥= 2
11 𝑦 4 −2𝑥
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑 𝑆 1 ∬
=¿¿ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 1 =¿¿ ∫
𝑆 𝑧 𝑥=0 𝑦=0 ∫ 11 ∫
=¿
2 𝑥=0 2 0
𝑑𝑥=¿ 22
𝑆1 :2 𝑥+ 𝑦 + 2 𝑧=4
𝑆 𝑅
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 ❑

𝑦 =0 𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿0 𝑆 4 : 𝑧=0

𝑆
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 ❑

𝑥=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆3 =¿¿0

𝑆
 : (-ve)
42 𝑥 + 𝑦 =
𝑆 4 : 𝑧=0
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆4 =𝑆𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿ 0 ⃗⃗ ⃗𝑗+1 𝑘⃗
𝑘
𝑖+0 = 1 2
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ( 2 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆4 =¿ ⃗ ) ∙ ( 0 𝑖+0
⃗ ⃗𝑗+3 𝑘 ⃗   ) =¿0+0+3=¿ 3
⃗ ⃗𝑗+1 𝑘
❑ ❑ 𝑥= 2 𝑦=4− 2𝑥
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑆1 :2 𝑥+ 𝑦 + 2 𝑧=4
⃗
4 ∬
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑 𝑆 =¿¿ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 4 ∫
=¿¿ ∫ 3 =¿ 12
𝑆 𝑅
𝑆𝑧 𝑥=0 𝑦=0 1 𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0

❑
𝑆 4 : 𝑧=0
Surface integral/ flux= ⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ = 22+0+0− 12=¿10
𝑆
(+ve)
(-ve)
 Example 4
Find the flux of the vector field through the surface S where S is the 1 st octant portion of
the paraboloid that is cut off by the plane and bounded by x = 0 and y = 0. [ Hint : Let R be
the projection of S on the xy-plane) (Ans : 2)
Solution:
𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
𝑦
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
𝑥
𝑆 4 : 𝑧 =𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
❑
Simultaneous Equation:
Surface integral/ flux ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆
❑ 𝑆❑ ❑
𝑑𝐴
From z-axis:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2+𝑆3 +𝑆4
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 2
𝑅 𝑧
𝑆1 : 𝑧 − 4=0
2
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆⃗1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿ 0 ⃗𝑖+0
𝑘⃗ ⃗
𝑗+ ⃗
𝑘
𝑆 𝑧 =¿1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ⃗𝑗 +𝑧 ⃗𝑘 ) ∙ ( 0 𝑖+
( 0 𝑖+0
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗ )=¿0+0+𝑧=¿𝑧=¿ 4
⃗ 0 ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘
:
𝑧 =4
❑ ❑ 𝜋
𝑑𝐴 𝜃= 𝜃=
𝜋
𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿ ∫
⃗ ⃗ 2 𝑟= 2
⃗ 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
2

∫ 1 =¿
4 ∫ 2𝑟 2| 2 𝑑 𝜃=¿ 4 𝜋
𝑆 𝑅 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝜃 =0 0
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
❑

𝑦 =0 𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿0
𝑆
𝑆 4 : 𝑧=𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 ❑

𝑥=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆3 =¿¿0

𝑆
 : (-ve) 2
𝑧 =𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 𝑆 4 : 𝑧 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2=0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆4 =𝑆𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿−2 ⃗ 𝑥 𝑖−2
𝑘 ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗
𝑗+ ⃗
𝑘
𝑆 𝑧 =¿1 :
2 2
2
𝑦 𝑧 𝑧 =𝑥 + 𝑦
⃗ ⃗ ⃗𝑗 +𝑧 ⃗𝑘 ) ∙ ( − 2 𝑥 𝑖⃗ − 2 𝑦 ⃗𝑗 + ⃗𝑘) =¿ 0+0+𝑧=¿𝑥2 + 𝑦 2=¿ 𝑟 2
( 0 𝑖+0
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆4 =¿
𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
❑ ❑ 𝜋
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝜃= 𝜃=
𝜋

4 ∬
|
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑 𝑆 =¿¿ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 =¿¿
2 𝑟= 2
𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃 2 4
𝑟 2
4
𝑆 𝑧
∫ ∫ 𝑟
2
1
=¿∫ 𝑑 𝜃=¿2𝜋
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
𝜃 =0 4 0
𝑆 𝑅 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0

❑ 𝑆 4 : 𝑧=𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
Surface integral/ flux= ⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ = 4 𝜋+0 +0−2 𝜋=¿2 𝜋
𝑆
(+ve)
(-ve)
 DIVERGENCE THEOREM
 Let Q be a solid region bounded by a closed surface S oriented by a unit normal vector directed
outward from Q. If is a vector field whose component functions have continuous first partial
derivatives in Q, then

❑ ❑  Closed

∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆= 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
surface integral/flux Volume :∇ ∙ ⃗
𝐹
 The Divergence Theorem gives the relationship between a triple integral over a solid region Q
and a surface integral over the surface of Q.

Q: Use/ evaluate: LHS A: 1 side only RHS

Q: Verify: A: Both side LHS & RHS

Example 1
Use the Divergence Theorem to find where S is the surface of the solid bounded by the cylinder
x2 + y2 = 4, z = 0 and z = 4. is the outer unit normal to the surface S and .

Solution:
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =4 2. z = 0 3. z = 4

:z=4
4 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2= 4
𝑆 2 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2=4
2
2 :z = 0

Can use Divergence Theorem?  Closed Q: Use/ evaluate: LHS

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆= 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉 A: 1 side only RHS
𝑆 𝑄
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ ⃗ ( 𝑦 3 −𝑒 𝑥𝑧 ) ⃗𝑗+ ( 3 𝑧 +𝑥 3 ) 𝑘
𝐹 =( 𝑥 + tan 𝑦𝑧 ) 𝑖+
3 ⃗
𝑄 :z=4

( )
𝜕 ⃗ 𝜕 ⃗ 𝜕 ⃗ 4
𝐹𝑥 𝑖+ 𝜕 𝑦 𝑗 + 𝜕 𝑧 𝑘 ∙ ( ( 𝑥 + tan 𝑦𝑧 ) 𝑖+ ( 𝑦 − 𝑒 ) 𝑗+ ( 3 𝑧 + 𝑥 ) 𝑘 )
⃗ 𝑥𝑧 ⃗ 3 ⃗
∇ ∙𝜕⃗
3 3
= ¿ 𝑆 2 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2=4

= 3x2 + 3y2 + 3 2
❑ 2 :z = 0
❑ 2𝜋 2 4
⃗
∰ ∇∙ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ (3 𝑥 +3 𝑦 +3) 𝑑𝑉 =¿¿∫ ∫∫ 3 ( 𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃+𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+1 ) 𝑟𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
2 2

𝑄 2 𝜋 2 ❑4 0 0 0 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
¿ ∫ ∫ ∫ ( 3 𝑟 +3 𝑟 ) 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
3

0 0 0
If Question Change to Verify : LHS & RHS
❑ ❑ ❑
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
LHS:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑𝑆∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2+𝑆3
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 =¿¿
𝑆𝑧
𝑅 ❑
x 2 +  y2 = 4, 𝑆 2 : x2  + y2  −  4=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿ 0
𝑆
 : (+ve) :z=4
4
z=4 𝑆1 : 𝑧 − 4=0
𝑆 2 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2=4
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 = ⃗ ⃗
0 𝑖+ 0 𝑗+ ⃗𝑘 2
𝑦 𝑧 2 :z = 0
= 1
⃗ ⃗ ] ∙ ( 0 𝑖+
[ ( 𝑥3 + tan 𝑦𝑧 ) 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗ ( 𝑦 3 −𝑒 𝑥𝑧 ) ⃗𝑗+ ( 3 𝑧 + 𝑥 3 ) 𝑘 ⃗   ) =¿
⃗ 0 ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘
¿ 3 𝑧 + 𝑥 3=¿3 ( 4 ) + 𝑥 3=¿1 2+𝑥 3=¿1 2+(𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)3=¿ 1 2+𝑟 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝜃 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
𝑑𝐴 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
1 ∬
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑 𝑆 =¿¿ ⃗
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 1 =¿¿∫ ∫ ( 12+𝑟
3
𝑐𝑜𝑠
3
𝜃   ) =¿
𝑆 𝑅
𝑆 𝑧 𝜃=0 𝑟 =0 1
𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2

∫ ∫ 12𝑟 +𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃   ) 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃=¿𝑎

( 4 3

𝜃=0 𝑟 =0
: (-ve)
z=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑧=0
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 ⃗𝑘
𝛻 𝑆3 =𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 = ⃗ ⃗
0 𝑖+ 0 𝑗+ ⃗𝑘 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗
[ ( 𝑥 + tan 𝑦𝑧 ) 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆 =¿3
3 ⃗ (𝑦 3 𝑥𝑧 3 ⃗
−𝑒 ) ⃗𝑗+ ( 3 𝑧 + 𝑥 ) 𝑘 ] ∙ ( 0 𝑖+ ⃗   ) =¿3 𝑧+𝑥 3=¿3(0)+ 𝑥 3=¿𝑥3 =¿
⃗ 0 ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘 = 𝑟 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝜃
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆3 =¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆3 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫ 𝑟∫=0 (𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃   ) 1 =¿
⃗ 3 3
∫ ∫ (
𝜃=0 𝑟 =0
𝑟
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠
3
𝜃   ) 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃=¿
𝑆 𝑅

|
𝜃=2𝜋 5 𝜃=2𝜋 𝜃=2𝜋 𝜃=2𝜋
𝑟 3 2
¿ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃=¿32 3
| 32
( 2
) 32
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃=¿5 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ) 𝑑 𝜃=¿5 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) 𝑑 𝜃
( 2

𝜃=0 5 0 5 𝜃=0 𝜃=0 𝜃=0

𝜃=2𝜋 𝜃=2𝜋 𝜃=2𝜋 𝜃=2 𝜋
32 32 ( 32 32
( 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) 𝑑𝜃=¿ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) 𝑑 𝜃=¿5 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 − 5 ∫ 2
¿
5
∫ 2
5 𝜃=0
2

𝜃=0 𝜃=0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
𝜃=0
𝑑𝑢
Let u=sin 𝜃 =cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑢=cos 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝜃=2 𝜋
32 2 𝜋 32
∫ |
32 2 𝜋 32 3 2𝜋
3
¿ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃| − 𝑢
2 32 2 𝜋
𝑑𝑢¿ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃| − .32 𝑢 2 𝜋 ¿
5
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃| −
1 5
. ( sin 𝜃 ) | =𝑏
5 0 5 5 0 5 3 0 0 0
𝜃=0

❑ :z=4
Surface integral/ flux= ⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿𝑆1 +𝑆2 +𝑆3 =¿a+0 −𝑏=¿144 𝜋 4

𝑆 𝑆 2 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2=4
(+ve) (-ve)
2
2 :z = 0
Example 2
Use the Divergence Theorem to calculate the f of over the surface of the plane , bounded by xy-
plane. (Ans: )

𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )
2 2
Solution:
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 =1 2. xy-plane
1 𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 2
+ 𝑦 2
) 𝑧=0 1 . 𝑧 =𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2
𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 + 𝑧 =1
2
2 . 𝑧 =− ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )
2 2

3. 𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Simultaneous Equation:
𝑆 2 : 𝑧=0

Can use Divergence Theorem?  Closed Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆= 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉 A: 1 side only RHS
𝑆 𝑄
 ❑ 𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑄

( 𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝑥
= 𝑖∇+
∙ ⃗
𝐹𝜕𝑦
𝜕 ⃗
𝑗 +
𝜕𝑧
𝜕 ⃗
𝑘 ∙(𝑥𝑖 )
⃗+𝑦 ⃗ 𝑗 +2 𝑧 𝑘 ⃗)

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
¿ ( )
𝑥+ ( )
𝑦 + ( 2=𝑧1+1+2=
) 4
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝜃 =2
𝑦 𝜋 𝑟=1 𝑧=1
𝜕𝑧 − ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )=1 −𝑟 𝑆 2 : 𝑧=0
2 2 2
❑ ❑ 𝜃 =2 𝜋 𝑟 =1
1 −𝑟 2
∇∙ ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 4 𝑑𝑉 =¿¿∫ ∫ ∫ ¿ 4 𝜃∫
4 𝑟𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑟𝑑 ∫ 𝑟𝑧| 0 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝑧=0 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0
𝑄 ❑

|
𝜃 =2 𝜋 2 4
𝑟 𝑟 1
¿4 ∫ 2
−
4 0
𝑑𝜃
𝜃 =0

If Question Change to Verify : LHS & RHS

❑ ❑ ❑
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
LHS:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2
⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2=1
𝑅 𝑧
𝑧 =1− ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 0
2 2

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 𝑦 𝑧
=
2𝑥 ⃗𝑖+2 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+ ⃗𝑘 = 1
⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗 + ⃗𝑘   ) =¿2 𝑥 2 +2 𝑦 2 +2 𝑧=¿ 2 𝑥 2 +2 𝑦 2 +2 ( 1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )=¿2
⃗ ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 𝑘⃗ ) ∙ ( 2 𝑥 𝑖+2
( 𝑥 𝑖+𝑦
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿
❑

∬ ❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑧 :

𝑅 𝑧 =1− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟=1
𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫
⃗ ⃗ ∫2
𝑟 =0 1
=¿ 2 𝜋 𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1
𝑆 𝑅
: (-ve)
𝑧=0 0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆2 =𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿ 0 ⃗𝑖+0
𝑘⃗ ⃗
𝑗+1 ⃗
𝑘 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ 𝑆 2 : 𝑧=0
( 𝑥 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆2=¿ ⃗ ) ∙ ( 0 𝑖+0
⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+ 2 𝑧❑ 𝑘 ⃗   ) =¿0+0+2 𝑧=¿2 ( 0 ) =¿
⃗ ⃗𝑗+1 𝑘 0
∬❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑧 : 𝑧=0
𝑅
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟=1
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆2 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫
⃗ ⃗ ∫ 0 1 =¿0
𝑟 =0
𝑆1 : 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 =1
𝑆 𝑅

❑
Surface integral/ flux= ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿𝑆 +𝑆 =¿2 𝜋 −0=¿2 𝜋
1 2
𝑆
(+ve) (-ve) 𝑆 2 : 𝑧 =0
 Example 3
Calculate the surface integral of over the surface of the plane , bounded by yz-plane.
(Ans: )
𝑧
𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 + 𝑧 )
2 2
Solution:
𝑧 1. 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑥=4 2. yz-plane
𝑆 2 : 𝑥=0 𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2 ) 𝑥=0 1.
𝑧
𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4 𝑦 2.

3.
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥

𝑥 𝑆41 : 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2+ 𝑥=4 Simultaneous Equation:

Can use Divergence Theorem?  Closed 1. 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑥=4 2. 𝑥=0

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem: 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆= 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
A: 1 side only RHS
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑄
= ⃗ (
¿
𝜕 ⃗ 𝜕 ⃗ 𝜕 ⃗
)
∇ ∙ 𝐹 𝜕 𝑥 𝑖+ 𝜕 𝑦 𝑗 + 𝜕 𝑧 𝑘 ∙ ( 𝑥 𝑖+ ⃗)
⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+ 𝑧 𝑘

= 1+1+1= 3
❑ ❑ 𝜃 =2 𝜋 𝑟= 2
⃗ 4− 𝑟 2
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 3 𝑑𝑉=¿¿
∇∙ ¿3 ∫
𝜃 =0
∫ 𝑟𝑧| 0 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝑟=0

|
𝑄 ❑𝜋
𝜃 =2 2 4
4𝑟 𝑟 2
¿3 ∫ 2
−
4 0
𝑑𝜃
𝜃 =0

If Question Change to Verify : LHS & RHS

❑ ❑ ❑
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
LHS:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑𝑆∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑥 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2=4
𝑅 𝑥
𝑥=4 − ( 𝑦 + 𝑧 )
2 2 𝑆1 : 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2+ 𝑥 −4 =0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 = ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 ⃗𝑘
𝑖+2 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑧 ⃗𝑘) ∙ ( 𝑖+2
( 𝑥 𝑖+𝑦
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 𝑘⃗ )=¿𝑥+2 𝑦 2+2 𝑧 2=¿( 4 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 ) +2 𝑦 2 +2 𝑧 2 =¿4 + 𝑦 2+ 𝑧 2=¿4 +𝑟 2
x : 𝐹 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑥=4 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
𝑑𝐴 2 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃 𝑆 2 : 𝑥=0
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃∫=0
⃗ ⃗ ∫ )
( 4+𝑟
𝑟 =0 1
=¿24 𝜋
𝑆 𝑅
: (-ve)
𝑥=0 0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆2 =𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿ 1 ⃗𝑖+0
𝑘⃗ ⃗
𝑗 +0 ⃗
𝑘 = 1 42
𝑦 𝑧 𝑆1 : 𝑦 + 𝑧 2+ 𝑥=4
⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗𝑗+𝑧 ⃗𝑘❑) ∙ ( 𝑖+0
( 𝑥 𝑖+
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆2=¿ ⃗ ⃗𝑗+0 ⃗𝑘   ) =¿ 𝑥+0+0=¿𝑥 =¿ 0
∬❑𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒3𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒→𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 h𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑥 : 𝑥=0
𝑅
❑ ❑ 𝜃=2𝜋 𝑟= 2
⃗ 𝑑𝐴 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
∬ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆2 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿𝜃=0∫ 𝑟∫=0 0 1 =¿ 0
⃗ ⃗
𝑆 𝑅

∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿𝑆 +𝑆 =¿24 𝜋 −0=¿2 4 𝜋

Surface integral/ flux= 1 2
𝑆
(+ve) (-ve)
 Example 4
Verify the Divergence Theorem to calculate the the flux of the vector field through the surface S
where S is the 1st octant portion of the paraboloid that is cut off by the plane and bounded by x = 0
and y = 0. [ Hint : Let R be the projection of S on the xy-plane)

Solution:
𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
𝑦
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0

𝑥
𝑆 4 : 𝑧 =𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 Simultaneous Equation:

Can use Divergence Theorem?  Closed Q: Verify

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑𝑆= 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉 A: Both side LHS & RHS
𝑆 𝑄
 ❑ 𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑄

( 𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝑥
= ∇ ⃗
𝑖 ∙+
𝐹
𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝑦
𝑗 +
𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝑧
𝑘 ∙ (0 𝑖
⃗ +0 ⃗ 𝑘)
𝑗+ 𝑧 ⃗ ) 𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0

❑ ❑ 𝜋 𝜃=
𝜋 𝑆 4 : 𝑧 =𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
𝜃= 2 𝑟 =2
∇∙ ⃗
∰ 𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 1𝑑𝑉∫=¿¿ ∫
2 𝑟= 2 𝑧 =4
4
∫ ∫
¿ 𝜃
1 𝑟𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑟𝑑 ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃
𝑟𝑧|
𝑄 ❑ 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝑧 =𝑥 + 𝑦 2=𝑟 2
2 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0
𝜋
𝜃=

|
2 4
𝑟 2
¿ ∫ 2𝑟 −
4 0
2
𝑑𝜃
𝜃 =0

❑ ❑ ❑
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
LHS:
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 𝑆 =¿¿∬ 𝑆1 +𝑆2+𝑆3 +𝑆4
⃗
𝑆 𝑅 𝑧 𝑅
 ❑
:
⃗ 𝑑𝐴
: (+ve)
∬ 𝑆 =¿¿
𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 =4
𝑅 𝑧
𝑆1 : 𝑧 − 4=0
⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆 𝑘⃗
𝛻 𝑆1=𝑆 𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 = ⃗ ⃗
0 𝑖+ 0 𝑗+ ⃗𝑘 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗ ⃗ ⃗𝑗 + 𝑧 ⃗𝑘 ) ∙ ( 0 𝑖+
( 0 𝑖+0
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆1=¿ ⃗   ) =¿z=¿4
⃗ 0 ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘
❑ ❑
𝑑𝐴 𝜃=
𝜋
𝜃=
𝜋 𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆1=¿¿∬ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆1 𝑆𝑧 =¿¿∫
⃗ 2 𝑟= 2 2
𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃 2 2
𝑆 𝑅
∫ 4 1 =¿ ∫ 2𝑟 | 𝑑 𝜃=¿4 𝜋
0
𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝜃 =0
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 ❑

𝑥=0 𝑆 2 : 𝑥=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆2=¿¿0 𝑆 4 : 𝑧=𝑥2 + 𝑦 2

𝑆
: ⃗𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 ❑

𝑦 =0 𝑆 3 : 𝑦=0 ∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑 𝑆3 =¿¿0
𝑆
 : (-ve)
=4
2 2
2
𝑧 =𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑆 4 : 𝑧 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 =0

⃗ ⃗𝑗+𝑆
𝛻 𝑆4 =𝑆𝑥 𝑖+𝑆 ¿−2 ⃗𝑥 𝑖−2
𝑘 ⃗ 𝑦 ⃗
𝑗+1 ⃗
𝑘 = 1
𝑦 𝑧
⃗
𝐹 ∙ 𝛻 𝑆4 =¿ ⃗ ⃗𝑗 +𝑧 ⃗𝑘 ) ∙ ( − 2 𝑥 𝑖⃗ − 2 𝑦 ⃗𝑗 +1 𝑘⃗ ) =¿0+0+𝑧=¿
( 0 𝑖+0 = 𝑟2
❑ ❑ 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝐴 𝜃= 𝜃= 𝜃=

∬ ⃗
4 ∬
⃗
|
2 𝑟= 2 2 𝑟= 2 2
𝐹 ∙ ⃗
𝑛 𝑑 𝑆 =¿¿ 𝐹 ∙𝛻 𝑆 =¿¿ 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑 𝜃 𝑟
4
2𝑑 𝜃
𝑆 𝑅
4
𝑆𝑧 ∫ ∫ 𝑟
2
1
=¿∫ ∫ 𝑟 3
𝑑𝑟𝑑 ∫
𝜃=¿
4 0
𝑆1 : 𝑧=4
𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝜃 =0 𝑟 =0 𝜃 =0

¿2𝜋
𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0
❑
Surface integral/ flux= ⃗
∬ 𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=¿¿ = = 2
𝑆 𝑆 4 : 𝑧=𝑥2 + 𝑦 2
(+ve)
(-ve)
 JUL 2022

1. z =√ 9 𝑥 +9 𝑦
2 2 2.
Solution 𝑧
𝑦

𝑦 𝑥

𝑥 ❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS A: 1 side only RHS
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ ⃗ ( 𝑦 2 +cos 𝑧 ) ⃗𝑗 +𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑘
𝐹 =𝑥𝑦 𝑖+ ⃗
𝑄
= ∇∙ ⃗
𝐹=¿

𝑧
𝑆 2 : 𝑧=6

𝑥 𝑦

𝑥
 FEB 2022

2.
Solution 𝑧 z=0
𝑦

𝑦 𝑥

𝑥 ❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS A: 1 side only RHS
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ ⃗ ( 𝑦 3 −cos 𝑧 ) ⃗𝑗+ ( 𝑧 3 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑘
𝐹 =( 𝑥 + 2sin 𝑧 ) 𝑖+
3 ⃗
𝑄
=

𝑦
𝑆 2 : 𝑧 =0
𝑦

𝑥
 FEB 2021

Solution

1. 𝑧=2 𝑥 2. 3 . 𝑥 =1− 𝑦 2

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS A: 1 side only RHS
1. 𝑧=2 𝑥 2. 3 . 𝑥 =1− 𝑦 2 𝑧
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑦
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑥

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥− 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑧

𝑦
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ ⃗ 𝑦 2 ⃗𝑗 +2 𝑧 ⃗𝑘
𝐹 =( 𝑥+ 𝑦 ) 𝑖+
𝑄
= ∇∙ ⃗
𝐹=¿
❑ ❑
∰ ∇∙ ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 𝑑 𝑉 =¿¿
𝑄 ❑

𝑥
 JUN 2020

𝑧 =2 − ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )
2 2

1. 𝑧 =2− 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 2. 1.
Solution
2
3.
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ 𝑦
𝐹 = ⃗𝑗+ 𝑧 ⃗
2
𝑘
z= √ 𝑥 + 𝑦
2 2
𝑄
= ∇∙⃗
𝐹
❑ ❑
∰ ∇∙ ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 𝑑𝑉 =¿¿
𝑄 ❑
𝑧 =2 − ( 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2 )
 JUN 2019

1. z =√ 4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 2.
2 2

Solution
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 𝐹 =𝑥 2 𝑖⃗ −2 𝑥𝑦 ⃗𝑗+𝑥𝑦 𝑧 2 𝑘⃗
⃗
𝑄
= ∇∙ ⃗
𝐹=¿
❑ ❑

∰ ∇∙ ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿ ∰  𝑑𝑉 =¿¿

𝑄 ❑

𝑆 2 : 𝑧 =0
 DEC 2018

1. 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧=1 2. 3. 4.
Solution

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS A: 1 side only RHS
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ 2⃗
𝐹 =𝑥 𝑖+3 𝑥 ⃗𝑗+ ( 2 𝑥 − 𝑦 ) ⃗𝑘
2

𝑄
= ∇∙ ⃗
𝐹=¿
❑ ❑
∰ ∇∙ ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 𝑑𝑉 =¿¿
𝑄 ❑

𝑆1 : 𝑥+ 𝑦 + 𝑧=1

𝑆 2 : 𝑦=0 𝑆 3 : 𝑥=0

𝑆 4 : 𝑧=0

𝑥+ 𝑦 =1
 DEC 2015

1. 𝑧=4 − 𝑥 2

2 1. 𝑧 =𝑥 2
1. 𝑧=4 − 𝑥 2. 3. 4.
Solution 2 . 𝑧=− 𝑥 2
3 . 4=− 𝑥2

❑ ❑
Divergence Theorem:
∬ ⃗𝐹 ∙ ⃗𝑛 𝑑𝑆=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝑄
Q: Use/ evaluate flux: LHS A: 1 side only RHS
 𝑥=𝑦 2 𝑥=𝑦 2

1. 𝑧=4 − 𝑥 2
𝑧 =4 − 𝑥 2
1. 𝑧 =𝑥 2 1. 𝑧 =𝑥 2
2 . 𝑧=− 𝑥 2 2 . 𝑧=− 𝑥 2

3 . 4=− 𝑥 2 3 . 4=− 𝑥2
 2 𝑧
1. 𝑧=4 − 𝑥 2. 3. 4.
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑦
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑥

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥− 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑧

𝑦
 ❑
RHS: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒:=∰ 𝐷𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉 ⃗ 2 ⃗
𝐹 =𝑥 𝑦 𝑖+ ( 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑥 ) ⃗𝑗+2 𝑧 𝑘⃗
𝑄
= ∇∙ ⃗
𝐹=¿
❑ ❑
∰ ∇∙ ⃗𝐹 𝑑𝑉=¿∰ 𝑑𝑉 =¿¿
𝑄 ❑
TUTORIAL