Discovering Computers 2016

Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 7
Input and
Output
What Is Input?
• Input is any data and
instructions entered into the
memory of a computer.
• Data is a collection of
unprocessed items, including
text, numbers, images,
audio, and video. Once data
is in memory, a computer or
mobile device interprets and
executes instructions to
process the data into
Information.
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Figure 7-1 in whole or in part.
What Is Input?
Commonly used input methods include:

Pointing
Keyboard Touch screens Pen input
devices

Scanners and
Motion input Voice input Video input reading
devices

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Keyboards

A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press

to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile
device

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Figure 7-2 in whole or in part.
Keyboards
Most desktop computer keyboards have…

Typing area Function keys Toggle key

Navigation Keyboard Media control

keys shortcut keys buttons

Internet
control
buttons
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Keyboards
There are a variety of keyboard options for computers and mobile devices

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Figure 7-3 in whole or in part.
Pointer

A pointer is a small
symbol on the screen
whose location and
shape change as a user
moves a pointing device
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Pointing Devices
A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably

• Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse

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Figure 7-5 in whole or in part.
Mouse Types

• Optical mouse uses optical sensors that emit and

sense light to detect the mouse’s movement.
• Laser mouse uses laser sensors that emit and sense
light to detect the mouse’s movement. Some mouse
devices use a combination of both technologies.
• Touch mouse is a touch-sensitive mouse that
recognizes touch gestures, in addition to detecting
movement of the mouse and traditional click and
scroll operations.

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in whole or in part.
Pointing Devices

• Touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular

pointing device that is sensitive to
pressure and motion .
• Touchpads are found most often on
laptops and convertible tablets.
Desktop users who prefer the
convenience of a touchpad can
purchase a separate touchpad, which
usually communicates wirelessly with
the computer.

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Figures 7-6 – 7-7 in whole or in part.
Pointing Devices

Trackball A trackball is a
stationary pointing device with
a ball on its top or side. The
ball in most trackballs is about
the size of a Ping-Pong ball.
Some devices, called a
trackball mouse, combine the
functionality of both a
trackball and a mouse.

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in whole or in part.
Touch Screens
A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display. Touch screens are convenient
because they do not require a separate device for input. Smartphones
and tablets, and many laptops and all-in-ones offer touch screens.

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in whole or in part.
Pen Input

With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat

surface to write, draw, or make selections.

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Figure 7-9 in whole or in part.
Digital Pen

A digital pen, which is slightly larger

than a stylus, is an input device that
captures and ­converts a user’s
handwriting or drawings into a digital
format, which users can upload
(transfer) to a computer or mobile
device. Some require the user to
write or draw on special paper or a
tablet; others can write or draw on
any surface

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Pen Input
• A graphics tablet, also called a
digitizer, is an electronic plastic
board that detects and
converts movements of a style
or digital pen into signals that
are sent to the computer.
• A Graphics tablet, also called a
­digitizer, is an electronic plastic
board that detects and
converts movements of a
stylus or digital pen into digital
signals that are sent to the
computer
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Figure 7-11 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input
With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen
elements using air gestures.
Air gestures involve moving your body or a handheld input device through the air.

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Voice input is the process

of entering input by
speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition, also
called speech recognition,
is the computer or mobile
device’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words

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Figure 7-12 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Audio input is the

process of entering any
sound into the computer
such as speech, music,
and sound effects
• Music production
software allows users to
record, compose, mix,
and edit music and
sounds

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Figure 7-13 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing

them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium

Record video on a digital video (DV)

camera

Transfer video to a computer or mobile

device
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Motion, Voice, and Video Input
A webcam is a type of DV camera that enables a user to:

Send email Broadcast live

Capture video and
messages with images or video
still images
video attachments over the Internet

Conduct
Make video calls
videoconferences

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input
A videoconference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people

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Figure 7-15 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices
A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can
process

• A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy

machine except it creates a file of the document in
memory instead of a paper copy

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Scanners and Reading Devices

An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read

characters, marks, and codes and then converts them
into digital data that a computer can process
• Optical character recognition (OCR) include a small optical
scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software to
analyze what is read. OCR devices range from large machines
that can read thousands of documents per minute to handheld
wands that read one document at a time.
• Optical mark recognition (OMR) read hand-drawn marks, such
as small circles or rectangles. A person places these marks on a
form, such as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer sheet
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Scanners and Reading Devices
• A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner
uses laser beams to read bar codes. A bar code is
an identification code that consists of either a set
of vertical lines and spaces of different widths or a
two-dimensional ­pattern of dots, squares, and
other images. The bar code represents data that
identifies the manufacturer and the item.
• A QR code (quick response code)stores
information in both a vertical and horizontal
direction. The information it stores can correspond
to a web address or other content, such as
contacts or phone numbers. . QR codes can be
read with a QR bar code reader or a QR code
reader app on a smartphone or other mobile
device.
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Figures 7-17 – 7-18 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to

communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object. RFID
tags, which contain a memory chip and an antenna, are available in
many shapes and sizes.
An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
RFID can track:
Gauging
Tracking times of Tracking location of
Checking lift tickets Managing temperature and
runners in a people and other
of skiers inventory pressure of tires on
marathon items
a vehicle

Tracking payment
Checking out Providing access to Managing as vehicles pass
library books rooms or buildings purchases through booths on
tollway systems

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Scanners and Reading Devices
Magstripe readers: The stripe contains information identifying you and the card issuer. The magnetic stripe card reader, read the magnetic
stripe on the back of cards such as:

Credit cards

Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Identification cards

Other similar cards

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Figure 7-20 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed

with magnetized ink.
An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer
can process.
Banking industry uses MICR for check processing.

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Figure 7-21 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

A Data Collection Device obtains data directly at the

location where the transaction or event takes place. For
example, employees use bar code readers, handheld
computers, or other mobile devices to collect data
wirelessly.

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Figure 7-22 in whole or in part.
What Is Output?
• Output is data that has been
processed into a useful form.
• The form of output varies,
depending on the hardware
and software being used and
the requirements of the
user. Users view or watch
output on a screen, print it,
or hear it through speakers,
headphones, or earbuds.

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Figure 7-23 in whole or in part.
Output

• Text: Examples of output that primarily contain text are text

messages, Internet messages, memos, letters, press releases,
reports, classified advertisements, envelopes, and mailing
labels.
• Graphics: Many forms of output include graphics to enhance
visual appeal and convey information.
• Audio: Users download their favorite songs and listen to the
music. Software, such as games, encyclopedias, and
simulations, often include musical accompaniments and audio
clips, such as narrations and speeches.
• Video: As with audio, software and websites often include
video clips and video blogs.
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Displays
A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.
Sometimes called soft copy, information on a display exists electronically and appears for a temporary period.

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Figure 7-24 in whole or in part.
Displays
A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device

• LCD monitor
The quality of a display depends primarily on its:

Resolution Response time Brightness

Dot pitch Contrast ratio

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Displays
Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a picture
To display the highest quality images, the monitor should plug into:

• A DVI (Digital Video Interface) port.

• enables digital signals to transmit directly to a monitor
• An HDMI (High-Definition Media Interface) port
• combines DVI with high-definition (HD) television, audio,
and video
• A Display Port
• is an alternative to DVI that also supports high-definition
audio and video.

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Displays
• Home users sometimes use a
digital television (DTV) as a
display
• HDTV is the most advanced
form of digital television
• A Smart TV is an Internet-
enabled HDTV which you can
browse the web, stream video
from online media services,
listen to Internet radio,
communicate with others on
online social media, play online
games, and more
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Figure 7-25 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A printer produces text and graphics on a

physical medium.
• Printed information (hard copy) exists
physically and is a more permanent form of
output than that presented on a display (soft
copy).
• A hard copy, also called a printout

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Figure 7-26 in whole or in part.
Printers

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Printers
A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper

Ink-jet Photo All-in-one Thermal

Laser printers
printers printers printers printers

Mobile Label Large-format

Plotters
printers printers printers

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Printers

An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying

tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
• Color or black-and-white
• Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it
can print

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Figure 7-27 in whole or in part.
Printers

A photo printer produces lab-

quality photos
• Many use ink-jet technology
• PictBridge allows you to print photos directly from a
digital camera
• Print from a memory card

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Printers

A laser printer is a high-speed,

high-quality nonimpact printer.
• Laser printers are available in both
black-and-white and color models.
• Laser printers print text and graphics
in ­high-quality resolutions.
• Laser printers ­usually print at faster
speeds than ink-jet printers.
• Operating in a manner similar to a
copy machine, a laser printer creates
images using a laser beam and
powdered ink, called toner.
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Figure 7-30 in whole or in part.
Printers
An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes

• Also called a multifunction printer (MFP)

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Figure 7-32 in whole or in part.
Printers
A 3-D printer uses a process called additive manufacturing to create an object by
adding material to a three-dimensional object, one horizontal layer at a time
3-D printers can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear,
implants, toys, parts, ­prototypes, and more

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Figure 7-33 in whole or in part.
Printers
A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper
Basic thermal printers are inexpensive, but the print quality is low, the images tend to fade over time, and
thermal paper can be expensive.
Many point-of-sale terminals in retail and ­grocery stores also print purchase receipts on thermal paper.

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Figure 7-34 in whole or in part.
Printers
A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device

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Figure 7-35 in whole or in part.
Printers
A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items

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Figure 7-36 in whole or in part.
Printers
Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings, such as blueprints, maps, and circuit
diagrams.
Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints. Graphic artists use these
high-cost, high-performance printers for signs, posters, and other professional quality
displays.

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Figure 7-37 in whole or in part.
Printers
Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts
the paper.

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Figure 7-38 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices
Many users attach surround sound speakers or speaker systems to their computers,
game consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-quality sounds

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Figure 7-39 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• Headphones are speakers

that cover or are placed
outside of the ear
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside the
ear canal
• Headset is a device that
functions as both
headphones and a
microphone

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Figure 7-40 in whole or in part.
 Other Output Devices
• A data projector is a device that projects
the text and images displaying on a
computer or mobile device screen on a
larger screen so that an audience can see
the image clearly
• For example, many classrooms use data
projectors so that all students easily can
see an instructor’s presentation on the
screen.
• An LCD projector, which uses liquid crystal
display technology
• A digital light processing (DLP) projector uses
tiny mirrors to reflect light,
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Figure 7-41 in whole or in part.
 Other Output Devices
• An interactive whiteboard is a
touch-sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase board,
that displays the image on a
connected computer screen.
• A presenter controls the
program by clicking a remote
control, touching the
whiteboard, drawing on or
erasing the whiteboard with a
special digital pen and eraser, or
writing on a special tablet.
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Figure 7-42 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices
Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers are input
devices used to control movements and actions of a player or object in
computer games, simulations, and video games.
These devices also function as output devices when they include force feedback,
which is a technology that sends resistance to the device in response to actions
of the user
For example, as you use the simulation software to drive from a smooth road onto
a gravel alley, the steering wheel trembles or vibrates, making the driving
experience as realistic as possible.

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Figure 7-43 in whole or in part.
Summary

Several assistive
Variety of options
technology options
for input and
for input and
output
output

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in whole or in part.