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Intelligence: by - Komal Joshi

The document discusses different theories of intelligence. It defines intelligence and describes its nature. It then outlines Spearman's two-factor theory which includes a general intelligence factor (G factor) and specific factors (S factors). The G factor is an innate universal ability that differs between individuals, while S factors are acquired abilities that vary within individuals. Thurstone's multi-factor theory rejects the idea of general intelligence and instead proposes intelligence is made up of seven primary mental abilities: verbal, spatial, numerical, memory, reasoning, perceptual, and problem solving abilities.

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Komal Joshi
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243 views12 pages

Intelligence: by - Komal Joshi

The document discusses different theories of intelligence. It defines intelligence and describes its nature. It then outlines Spearman's two-factor theory which includes a general intelligence factor (G factor) and specific factors (S factors). The G factor is an innate universal ability that differs between individuals, while S factors are acquired abilities that vary within individuals. Thurstone's multi-factor theory rejects the idea of general intelligence and instead proposes intelligence is made up of seven primary mental abilities: verbal, spatial, numerical, memory, reasoning, perceptual, and problem solving abilities.

Uploaded by

Komal Joshi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intelligence

BY – KOMAL JOSHI
Definitions:
Intelligence came from Latin word INTELLIGERE “to understand”.

 "Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the


individual to think rationally, to act purposefully and to deal
effectively with the environment" (Wechsler-1994)

 "Intelligence is the ability to master the knowledge and skills


needed to succeed with in a particular culture"(Lolurto-1991)
NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE

 It is an innate mental ability which grows and is influenced by


the environment.
 It shows the capacity to adapt to new or changed situations
quickly and correctly.
 It is the ability to carry on higher mental processes such as
reasoning, criticism, rational and judgment.
 It shows the capacity to observe the relationship and
absurdities.
 It implies the capacity to learn and solve difficult tasks and
problems.
THEORIES
TWO FACTOR OR G-FACTOR THEORY

 Two factor theory was developed by Charles


Spearman (father of factor analysis) in 1927.
 Intellectual abilities were comprised of two
factors: one general ability or common ability
known as 'G' factor and the other a group of
specific abilities known as 'S' factor.
 'G' factor is universal inborn ability. Greater 'G' in
an individual leads to greater success in life.
G-FACTOR THEORY

 "S" factor is acquired from the environment. It varies from


activity to activity in the same individual.
 These specific abilities may be represented as:
S1, S2, S3 etc.
 According to this theory:An individual's total intelligence
(A) is the sum of the general factor (G) and all his specific
abilities (S). This can be expressed as:
A = G+S1+S2+S3+.......
G Factor vs. S Factor

G factor S factor
 It is Universal inborn ability.  Learned and acquired from
 It is General mental ability. environment.

 G factor differs from individual


 These are specific abilities.
to individual.  It varies from activity to
activity in same individual.
 Used in every activity of life.
 Individuals differs in the
amount of S ability.
Group factor or Multifactor theory

 This theory was advocated by L Thurstone in 1938.


 This theory rejected General Intelligence.
 This theory considers intelligence a combination of
numerous separate factors.
 Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability.
Thurstone's theory focused on seven primary mental
abilities.
THURSTONE 7 FACTORS

 1. The Verbal Factor (V)-Found in tests involving


Verbal Comprehension.
 2. The Spatial Factor (S)-ability to imagine an
object in space.
 3. The Number Factor (N)-Ability to do Numerical
Calculations rapidly and accurately.
 4. Memory Factor (M) Involving ability to
memorize quickly.
THURSTONE 7 FACTORS

 5. The Reasoning Factor (R)-Found in tasks that require a subject to


discover a rule or principle involved in a series or groups of letters.
 6. The Perceptual Factor (P)- ability to perceive objects accurately.
 7. The Problem solving Factor (PS)- ability to solve
problemsindependently.

Based on these factors Thurstone constructed a


new test of intelligence known as:"Test of
Primary Mental Abilities (PMA).

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