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Statistics and Probability: Arellano University

The document provides information about statistics and probability, including definitions of parameters, statistics, and sampling. It discusses various sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and volunteer sampling. Probability sampling methods aim to give all population members an equal chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not ensure all members have a chance of inclusion.

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11 ICT-2 ESPADA JR., NOEL A.
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127 views22 pages

Statistics and Probability: Arellano University

The document provides information about statistics and probability, including definitions of parameters, statistics, and sampling. It discusses various sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, and volunteer sampling. Probability sampling methods aim to give all population members an equal chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not ensure all members have a chance of inclusion.

Uploaded by

11 ICT-2 ESPADA JR., NOEL A.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Jose Abad Santos Campus


Basic Education Department – Senior High School
3058 Taft Avenue, Pasay City

STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
Prayer

Lord, we thank you a Subtract the worldly


hundredfold desires and evil
for the infinite love works in our minds
and care that you and hearts and divide
have given us. your given talents to
May we, in return, all of us.
multiply it with love To sum it all, may we
and be unite as one in
respect and your family.
add more faith. Amen
OBJECTIVES:
⮚Define Sampling;
⮚Identify Sampling Techniques;
⮚Compute Statistics and Parameter.
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
o Any measurable
PARAMETE characteristics
R from a POPULATION.

o Any measurable
STATISTI characteristics
C from a SAMPLE.

o The process of selecting members


SAMPLIN or elements of a sample from a
G given population
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
o Simple Random Sampling o Convenience Sampling
o Systematic Random Sampling o Quota Sampling
o Stratified Random Sampling o Snowball Sampling
o Cluster Sampling o Volunteer Sampling
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
o Is a sampling technique, in which the subjects of the population get
an equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample.
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
o Sampling is done by drawing lots or through the use of random numbers.

o Fish bowl method.

Example: A class list compromising of 50 names is cut into strips, rolled up, and put
in a bowl. Ten strips (names) are then drawn from the bowl. The ten names That were
picked are collectively called the simple random sample.
STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING
o Sampling is done by first dividing the population into a number of non-
overlapping sub-populations or strata and then taking samples from each
stratum.
Population
EQUAL
Stratified Random Sampling ALLOCATION

PROPORTIONAL
ALLOCATION
EQUAL
ALLOCATION
𝑛 Intended Sample Size
𝑛𝑖 =
𝑘 No. of Strata or Sub- population

Population

Stratified Random Sampling


Example: A company is composed of 24 administrative staff, 38 support staff, and 52
electrical staff. You wish to conduct a work motivation survey on 50 staff. How many staff
should be taken from each sub-population?
𝑛
𝑛𝑖 =
𝑘
50
𝑛𝑖 =
3
𝑛𝑖 =1 6.77
𝑛𝑖 =17
∴1 7 staff should be chosen ¿ each group .
PROPORTIONAL
ALLOCATION
Sub-Population or Stratum

𝑛𝑖 =( )
𝑁1
𝑁
𝑛 Intended Sample Size

Population Size
Example: A company is composed of 24 administrative staff, 38 support staff, 52 electrical
staff and 10 contractual staff. You wish to conduct a work motivation survey on 50 staff.
How many staff should be taken from each sub-population?
𝑁 =24+38+52+10=124
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT ELECTRICAL CONTRACTUAL

𝑛1=
𝑁( )
𝑁1
𝑛 𝑛2= ( )
𝑁2
𝑁
𝑛 𝑛3 =( )
𝑁3
𝑁
𝑛 𝑛4 =( )
𝑁4
𝑁
𝑛

𝑛1= ( 24
124)50 𝑛2= ( 38
124)50 𝑛3 = ( 52
124)50 𝑛4 = ( 10
124)50

𝑛1=9.67 𝑛2=15.32 𝑛3 =2 0.96 𝑛4 =4

𝑛1=1 0 𝑛2=16 𝑛3 =2 1
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM
SAMPLING
o Sampling is done by selecting every ith element in the population with the
starting point determined at random.

Population Size

Sample Size

Stratified Random Sampling

Population
Example: If a company which has 5,000 employees wishes to conduct a job
satisfaction survey on 400 employees, then

𝑁
𝑖=
𝑛
5000
𝑖=
400

𝑖=12.5
𝑖=13
Systematic randomization can be done by selecting every person in
employee list.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
o Sampling is done by dividing the population into (geographical) groups called
clusters.
CITY 1 2 3 4

DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2

DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4
2
NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
o Samples are chosen in such a way that some members of the
population may not have any chance of being included in the
sample.
COVENIENCE
SAMPLING
o Selecting those members of the population
available in order to obtain quick results
that are readily

Population What i
s
your
height
?
QUOTA
o Choosing members for SAMPLING
the sample with no other criteria or objective but to
obtain a certain target number whether or not based on the proportion of each
stratum with the population
Population
SNOWBALL SAMPLING

Snowball Sampling or chain-referral is defined as a non-probability sampling


technique in w/c the samples have traits that are rare to find. 
VOLUNTEER SAMPLING
VOLUNTEER SAMPLING

Voluntary sampling occurs when researchers seek volunteers to


participate in studies. Volunteers can be solicited in person, over the
internet, via public postings, and a variety of other methods. A researcher
using voluntary sampling typically makes little effort to control sample
composition.

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