Foreignn Policy

The Turning Point: 9/11
and The War on Terror
Foreign Policy
Jannah and Laila
What we 'l l di sc us s
u m m a r y
e r ie s S
• S to k n o w
T h i ng s
• 1 ?
• 9 / 1
n t e r r o r
h e w a r o
• T u ss io n
• D is c
Summary:
 Netflix Series
 Turning Point:9/11 and the War on Terror
 9/11 attacks
 History of Afghanistan
 US relations with other nations
 20 years of war
Important things to know
• Afghanistan
• Taliban and Osama bin Laden
• Foreign policy
• US Presidents
• History:
 Cold War
 Afghanistan
Things to know
Where is Afghanistan?
Things to know
Who are the Taliban? Who is Osama bin Laden?
Terrorist organization that are mainly
associated with Afghanistan Violent terrorist and mass murderer
After the 1979 soviet invasion of Afghanistan Born in 1957 in Saudi Arabia
Origin of Taliban: training in religious schools
Founder of the Al Qaeda
in Pakistan and being taught radical forms of
Islam organization
Control over most of Afghanistan Organizer of the 9/11 attacks
Very strict set of rules and imposed very strict Was on the Most Wanted Terrorist
laws on women List
2021: Taliban had been on their most deadly  Killed on May 2nd under
and successful offensive since 2001 orders from Obama
Foreign policy:
Policy: a law, guideline, principle or strategy used to solve a
problem
The strategy that the government uses in dealing with other
countries
Main goals:
1. The protection of its citizens when they’re home and abroad
2. The protection of the country’s allies
3. Protects the country from international threats and dangers
4 Presidents, 20 years War
Cold War and Afghanistan
Ongoing political rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Both superpowers dominated world affairs
U.S. became the world’s sole superpower after the dissolution of the Soviet Un
 History of Afghanistan
1953:modernize Afghanistan
 King Mohammed Zahir Shah
 Lacks expertise
 Recruitment of economic and political expertise
 International aid: Soviet Union and USA
 Soviets training Afghani military
 Spread of communist ideology
 Resign of prime minister
 1973: modernization & liberalization
 Force exile of king
History
 of Afghanistan
1978: Nur Mohammed Zaki President
 Kamal Amin prime minister
 Rise of the Mujahedeen
 1979 Amin taking power
 Soviets invaded 1979
 America support through Pakistan
History of Afghanistan
 1992: Mujahideen and other rebel groups storm the capital Kabul and oust Najibullah
 1995: - Newly formed Islamic militia - The Taliban -Afghans suffer from famine and war
 1997: Taliban publicly executes Najibullah
 1998: President Clinton orders cruise missile attacks against Bin Laden’s training camps in
Afghanistan
 2000: U.S searches for Osama bin Laden as he’s officially considered an international terrorist
 March 2001: International protests against Taliban
 September 11th 2001: - 9/11 Attacks - Osama bin Laden is the prime suspect in the attack
9/11
9/11
September 11th, 2001 FLIGHT 11 and 175
 American Airlines Flight 11 got hijacked, crashed into the north tower of
the World Trade Center in NYC
 Impact: burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper
 Instantly killed hundreds of people and trapped hundreds in higher
floors
 18 minutes later United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the south tower
near the 60th floor
9/11 FLIGHT 77 and 93
 American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown D.C and crashed into the west
side of the Pentagon military headquarters
 Impact: caused around 200 deaths
 United Airlines Flight 93 flipped over after the passengers tried to fight off the
hijackers and crashed in a field near Shanksville in western Pennsylvania

9/11 Who were the hijackers?
Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations
 Reportedly financed by Al Qaeda ( Osama bin Laden )
 How many people died at the 9/11 Attacks?
 Economic impact of 9/11:
 Immediate negative effects on the U.S. economy
 The market fell 7.1%
 Loss of 143.000 Jobs and 2.8 billion dollar wages in the first 3 months
 World Trade Center damage: 60 billion dollars
WAR ON TERROR
BUSH
 Declare War on Terror after attacks
 “either you are with us or against us”
 Suspect Osama bin Laden
 Taliban protecting bin Laden
 Northern Alliance
 Chasing out Taliban
 Reconstruction of Afghanistan
 2002: Iran, Iraq, North Korea “axis of
evil”
 2002 Invasion of Iraq
 Weapons of mass destruction
 Saddam Hussein helping bin Laden
 Troops attacked
2006:
Iraq had become a haven for Islamist
terrorists, which it hadn’t been before the
Invasion
There were no weapons of mass

destruction Iraq was a mistake
Bin Laden not found

USA Patriot Act 2001
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism
Ability to wiretap and spy on Americans
5000 arrested
Guantanamo bay Cuba
Foreign Policy OBAMA
 Obama administration was from 2009- 2017
 Relied on: Hillary Clinton, John Kerry and Vice
President Joe Biden
 Inherited wars that began during the Bush
administration
 Increased the U.S military presence in
Afghanistan during his first term
 Guided the draw down of U.S soldiers in
Afghanistan
 Ran a mission that led to the death of Osama bin
Laden
 Targeted the alleged Al Qaeda leaders using drone
strikes in Pakistan
TRUMP
 2017 expand American presence in Afghanistan
 Play into the hands of terrorists
 Risk the safety of US
 Deployed 3000 US troops
 February 2020 signed Doha agreement with
Taliban
 Withdrawal of troops in 14 months
 “it is time to bring US soldiers back home”
 release 5000 Taliban members
 Without government of Afghanistan
Foreign Policy BIDEN
 Joe Biden’s administration started in 2021
 Guided the complete U.S. troop withdrawal by
9/11
 Called the Taliban takeover as “not inevitable”
Discussion
What went wrong during Afghan War?
Why is it important to have foreign relations?
Why did Pakistan support Afghanistan ?

Thank You
for listening!
Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0sNQdOW1CI
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Sources
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL3E1hUp_kg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA8-KEnfWbQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1F25yt0ItM
https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/world-trade-center
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osama-bin-Laden
https://www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhyN0ve1PYI
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aw30lthNz3E
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration#Afghanistan
https://foreignpolicy.com/tag/afghanistan/
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https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan
https://mofa.gov.pk/testing-language/

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Foreignn Policy

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The Turning Point: 9/11

and The War on Terror

There were no weapons of mass

Bin Laden not found

Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct

Why is it important to have foreign relations?

Why did Pakistan support Afghanistan ?

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