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    Electrical Motors - Stators

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    MIDHUN MOHAN.M.P
    The document discusses electrical motors and their components. It describes: 1) Electrical motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and are classified as AC or DC motors. Common applications include industrial machinery. 2) AC motors are more commonly used for domestic and industrial purposes due to their ability to operate directly from mains power. 3) Variable frequency drives are used to control the frequency and voltage supplied to motors, allowing for speed variation. They first rectify AC power to DC then use an inverter to generate a variable frequency AC output.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Electrical Motors - Stators

    Uploaded by

    MIDHUN MOHAN.M.P
    130 views16 pages
    The document discusses electrical motors and their components. It describes: 1) Electrical motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and are classified as AC or DC motors. Common applications include industrial machinery. 2) AC motors are more commonly used for domestic and industrial purposes due to their ability to operate directly from mains power. 3) Variable frequency drives are used to control the frequency and voltage supplied to motors, allowing for speed variation. They first rectify AC power to DC then use an inverter to generate a variable frequency AC output.

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    Electrical Motors- Stators

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    The document discusses electrical motors and their components. It describes: 1) Electrical motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and are classified as AC or DC motors. Common applications include industrial machinery. 2) AC motors are more commonly used for domestic and industrial purposes due to their ability to operate directly from mains power. 3) Variable frequency drives are used to control the frequency and voltage supplied to motors, allowing for speed variation. They first rectify AC power to DC then use an inverter to generate a variable frequency AC output.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    130 views16 pages

    Electrical Motors - Stators

    Uploaded by

    MIDHUN MOHAN.M.P
    The document discusses electrical motors and their components. It describes: 1) Electrical motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and are classified as AC or DC motors. Common applications include industrial machinery. 2) AC motors are more commonly used for domestic and industrial purposes due to their ability to operate directly from mains power. 3) Variable frequency drives are used to control the frequency and voltage supplied to motors, allowing for speed variation. They first rectify AC power to DC then use an inverter to generate a variable frequency AC output.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ELECTRICAL MOTORS & STATORS

     What is electrical motor ?


    An electric motor is an electrical machine that
    converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

     Motors are classified in two type ?


     A.C. Motor
     D.C. Motor

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    TYPE OF ELECTRICAL MOTOR
     AC MOTOR / DC MOTOR

    Industrial uses are hoists, cranes, trolly cars, conveyors, elevators, air
    compressors, vacuum cleaners, sewing machines etc.

    Traction purpose/Locomotives

    Power tools,
    winding
    machine ,speed
    adjustment etc

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    AC MOTORS

    Used for
    Domestic & insdustrial purpose
    static power
    for power
    factor
    correction

    Domestic &
    Domestic & insdustrial purpose
    insdustrial
    purpose

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    VARIOUS TYPE 3PHASE/SINGLE PHASE MOTOR COMMENLY USED IN
    OUR SITES

     CONSTANT SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR–


    pumps/bar bending/bar cutting /hosit /winches /batching plant
    etc
     LOW & HIGH SPEED MOTOR – Batching plant SKIP
    Motor
     SLIPRING INDUCTION MOTOR- used for speed
    variation and can see in old tower cranes/hoist

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    BASED ON ABOVE MOTORS &
    APPLICATION
     STARTER OR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WILL BE
    FINALIZED .
     NOW DAYS MOST APPLICATION COVERD BY
    CONSTANT SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR BY
    VARIYING STATOR
     DIFFERENT TYPE OF STATOR
    1.Direct online starter
    2.Star & delta Starter
    3.voltage frequency drive

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    DEFINE STARTER
     Starter is a device which connects with motor in
    series to decrease the current at starting time and
    increase current after starting the motor (in other
    words start or stop the motor) and provide
    overload protection
     Any induction motor starting current is high and
    starting current should be 5 to 7 times of actual
    current

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT ONLINE
    STARTER (DOL)
     To start, the contactor is closed, applying full line voltage to
    the motor windings. The motor will draw a very high inrush current for a
    very short time, the magnetic field in the iron, and then the current will
    be limited to the Locked Rotor Current of the motor. The motor will
    develop Locked Rotor Torque and begin to accelerate towards full speed.
     As the motor accelerates, the current will begin to drop, but will not
    drop significantly until the motor is at a high speed, typically about 85%
    of synchronous speed. The actual starting current curve is a function of
    the motor design, and the terminal voltage, and is totally independent of
    the motor load.
     DOL starter is good for up to 25KW induction motor

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    TIPS : WHEN MOTOR TERMINAL ARE
    CHANGING YOW WANT REQUIRE TO GIVE
    ATTENTION IRON TERMINAL DESIGN BASED
    ON YOUR CURRENT
    IRON TERMINAL
    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
    PRINCIPAL STAR DELTA
    STARTER
     Star-Delta starter is an electrical motor starting device, generally
    uses in big size motor to overcome some technical limitation. Star
    and Delta means here 2 separate states of motor running, first Star
    connection and then Delta connection.

     The starting current of any heavy electric motor can be more than 4
    times the normal load current it draws when it has gained speed and
    has reached its normal running condition. To overcome this initial
    high current enchanting problem, such arrangement needs Star
    connection at starting time and if Star connection has sufficient
    torque to run up to 75% to %80 of full load speed, then the motor can
    be connected in Delta mode

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    CONNECTION OF WINDING STAR TO DELAT IS MAIN SUBJECT
    AT DELTA TERMINAL OF EACH WINDING TO GET DIFFERENT
    PHASE VOLTAGE (EXAMPLE W1 R-PHASE W2 Y-PHASE

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
    VOLATAGE FREQUENCY DRIVE
     IT VARYS FREQUENCY AND VOLATAGE OF
    MOTOR IN THREE STAGE

    Convert to DC VARYIN
    Voltage given
    G SINE
    to diode WAVE
    NOTE : VFD IS VAST SUBJECT IT VARY SINE WAVES and
    Varying frequency + voltage to reduce speed of motor,
    In tHREE STAGES FOR SIMPLE UNDERSTANDING
    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
     Working of Variable Frequency Drive
    Any Variable Frequency Drive or VFD incorporates following three stages for
    controlling a three phase induction motor.
     Rectifier Stage

    A full-wave power diode based solid-state rectifier converts three-phase


    50 Hz power from a standard 220, 440 or higher utility supply to either fixed
    or adjustable DC voltage. The system may include transformers for high
    voltage system.
     Inverter Stage

    Power electronic switches such as IGBT, GTO or SCR switch the DC power from
    rectifier on and off to produce a current or voltage waveform at the required
    new frequency. Presently most of the voltage sources inverters (VSI) use pulse
    width modulation (PWM) because the current and voltage waveform at output
    in this scheme is approximately a sine wave. Power Electronic switches such as
    IGBT; GTO etc. switch DC voltage at high speed, producing a series of short-
    width pulses of constant amplitude. Output voltage is varied by varying the
    gain of the inverter. Output frequency is adjusted by changing the number of
    pulses per half cycle or by varying the period for each time cycle.

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


     Control System
    Its function is to control output voltage i.e. voltage vector of inverter
    being fed to motor and maintain a constant ratio of voltage to frequency
    (V/Hz). It consists of an electronic circuit which receives feedback
    information from the driven motor and adjusts the output voltage or
    frequency to the desired values. Control system may be based on SPWM
    (Sine Wave PWM), SVPWM (Space Vector modulated PWM) or some soft
    computing based algorithm.
     Induction Motor Characteristic under Variable Frequency Drive

    In an induction motor induced in stator, E is proportional to the product


    of the slip frequency and the air gap flux. The terminal voltage can be
    considered proportional to the product of the slip frequency and flux, if
    stator drop is neglected. Any reduction in the supply frequency without a
    change in the terminal voltage causes an increase in the air gap flux which
    will cause magnetic saturation of motor. Also the torque capability of motor
    is decreased. Hence while controlling a motor with the help of VFD or
    Variable Frequency Drive we always keep the V/f ratio constant. Now define
    variable ‘K’ as, For operation below K < 1 i.e. below rated frequency we
    have constant flux operation. For this we maintain constant magnetization
    current Im for all operating points. For K > 1 i.e. above rated frequency we
    maintain terminal voltage Vrated constant. In this field is weakened in the
    inverse ratio of per unit frequency ‘K’. For values of K = 1 we have constant
    torque operation and above that we have constant power application.

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    COMPARSION BETWEEN STATORS

    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use


    Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

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