INQUIRIES,

INVESTIGATION
AND IMMERSION
Ways to
Collect
Data
 OBJECTIV
ES
3.
1. Identify 2. Classify Differentiate
population and biased between
samples samples population
and samples
Presenting the new lesson:

1.What do you see in the

pictures?
2.How many groups were
there in each picture?
3.Upon conducting research
s u r v e y, w h i c h a m o n g t h e
group do you think is more
convenient to be your
respondents? Why?
 Population
and Samples
 Activity: The Boat is Sinking

All students must participate in the activity.

The teacher will say group yourselves into 2,
then students will group themselves into 2
members each.
Questions:

1. How was the activity for you?

2. Which is easier for you to create, the
smaller or the larger group?
3. Applying this to research, which
grouping would you prefer to survey and
why?
watch the

video!
"Imagine if we wanted to

find out Ice cream flavor

preference of all Junior

High school children in

Tagum".
Population and Samples
What do you know about statistics?
-a method to gather information of a
population by studying a sample, which is a
subset of this population

Use of a sample
Reduce cost, save time, more reliable if
data is collected through a carefully
selected sample
Advantages and
Disadvantages
of a sample
Advantages of sampling:
Accurate, cheap, reliable, takes less time,
when population is very large, then the
sampling method is the only practical
method for collecting the data, etc

Disadvantages of sampling:
Inadequacy of the samples, chances for bias,
problems of accuracy, difficulty of getting the
representative sample, absence of the
informants, committing errors in sampling
 Different methods to select
a sample:

Simple random sample: A sample of

the population is selected, and each
member of the sample is chosen
entirely by chance. This means each
member has an equally likely chance
of being selected.
Stratified random sample: population
is divided into smaller groups, or strata.
Strata are created based on members'
shared characteristics or attributes.
Once the population has been stratified,
a random sample from each stratum is
selected. The results are combined to
obtain a random sample.
Convenience sample: sampling
of a population is selected based
on ease or convenience, such as
shoppers in a grocery store. A
convenience sample does not
represent the entire population;
therefore, it is a biased sample.
Cluster sampling: The population is
divided into groups, or clusters. A random
sample of these clusters is then selected.
Systematic sample: In a systematic
sample, every nth item is included in the
sample, where n is a natural number. For
example, choosing every 6th name on a
list of students is a systematic sample.
 Biased sample

Sample: Surveying students just from your school when the

population includes all Junior High school students in
Ta g u m .
How do you think this information can be useful for an Ice
cream Company?
 Suppose a sample was generated using Junior
High School students in Tagum and according to
the information gathered by the sample, 40% of
Junior High School students in Tagum prefer
chocolate ice cream. Can we conclude that 40% of
all Junior High School students in Tagum (whole
population) like chocolate Ice cream? In other
words, can the results of a sample be applied to
the whole population?
Can we conclude that 40% of all high school students in Tagum
also prefer chocolate ice cream?

How about for all Mindanao? How about the Philippines?

 The Survey Says
Follow each method below collecting data to estimate the average height of Section Efficient.
Method 1 Using the random Method 2 Select the 8 FBS
generator 8 students will be students from the Section
selected from the Section Efficient, ask their height and
Efficient list. record it. Name …………
Name ………… Height: Height:
1. __________ _____ 1. __________ _____
2. __________ _____ 2. __________ _____
3. __________ _____ 3. __________ _____
4. __________ _____ 4. __________ _____
5. __________ _____ 5. __________ _____
6. __________ _____ 6. __________ _____
7. __________ _____ 7. __________ _____
8. __________ _____ 8. __________ _____
Find the mean: Find the mean:
Answer the following
Questions:

1.Which method will produce

results more representative of
the population? Explain.

2.Which method will produce results less

representative of the population? Explain.

3.What statistical inferences can you make about

the whole population?
How can you solve real world problems using
random samples and population?

You can draw inferences about a

population by selecting multiple random
samples and using that information to
make inferences about the entire
population.
What methods would you use to generate
and use unbiased random samples to
represent a population?

There are many ways to generate unbiased

random samples. Some methods for
producing random samples might be using
technology, such as Excel random generator.
Use random samples as representative
populations to make predictions.
Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following describes a sample?

A. entire members of a group C. chosen representatives
B. individuals D. few groups

2.Which of the following describes a population?

A. entire members of a group
B. individuals
C. chosen representatives
D. few groups

3.What is a disadvantage of using a sample?

A. Accurate
B. cheap
C. takes less time
D. chances for bias
4.What sampling method that selects every nth item in the sample, where n is a natural number?
A. cluster sampling
B. convenience sampling
C. simple random sampling
D. systematic random sampling

5.It is sampling of a population is selected based on ease.

A. cluster sampling
B. convenience sampling
C. simple random sampling
D. systematic random sampling

6. A sample of the population is selected, and each member of the sample is chosen entirely by
chance.
A. cluster sampling
B. convenience sampling
C. simple random sampling
D. systematic random sampling
7. Susan wants to know the favorite sport of students in her class. She gives the student a number, puts
all numbers in a hat, draws 10 numbers, and surveys those selected students.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage
8. William is surveying people at the shopping center to determine the most popular T.V show.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage
9. Carlos is at a local car dealership to survey people on the most popular car. He will ask everyone that
enters the dealership for his or her favorite make of car.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage
10. Leslie wants to determine eating habits of people in her neighborhood. She asks 80 people at a
neighborhood fast food restaurant about the last meal they ate.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage

11. Manny wants to determine the amount of time that 7th graders spend studying for their math exam.
He surveys 80 7th grade students.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage

12. Liz wants to find out the favorite sport of girls in her school. She asks all girls on the school
basketball team what’s their favorite sport.
A. random samples
b. biased samples
c. undercoverage
d. overcoverage
A survey of 2035 Junior high school students in Davao found that 25% of the
students were classified as obese.

13. Identify the sample.

A. Junior high school students in Davao
B. The 2035 middle school students surveyed
C. The 25% students that were obese
D. Cannot be determined.

14. Identify the population.

A. Junior high school students in Davao
B. The 2035 middle school students surveyed
C. The 25% students that were obese
D. Cannot be determined.
15. A safety inspector conducts air quality tests on a randomly selected
group of 7 classrooms at an elementary school.
Identify the population and sample in this setting.

A.The population is all classrooms in the district; the sample is the 7

classrooms selected.
B.The population is all classrooms in the elementary school; the sample is
the 7 classrooms selected.
C.The population is all elementary students in the school; the sample is the
students in the 7 classrooms selected.
16. A group of librarians is interested in the numbers of books and other
media that patrons check out from their library. They examine the checkout
records of 150 randomly selected adult patrons.
Identify the population and sample in this setting.

A.The population is all adult patrons of the library; the sample is the 150
patrons selected.
B.The population is all patrons of the library; the sample is the adult
patrons of the library.
C.The population is all patrons who check out at least 1 book from the
library; the sample is the 150 patrons selected.
17. The state Department of Transportation wants to know about out-of-state
vehicles that pass over a toll bridge with several lanes. A camera installed
over one lane of the bridge photographs the license plate of every tenth
vehicle that passes through that lane.
Identify the population and sample in this setting.

A.The population is all of the vehicles that pass over the toll bridge; the
sample is vehicles from the lane with the camera.
B.The population is all of the vehicles that pass through the lane with the
camera; the sample is the group of every tenth vehicle that passes through
the lane.
C.The population is all of the out-of-state vehicles; the sample is the vehicles
that pass over the toll bridge.
18. A quality control engineer is curious about the thickness of paint on a
car at her factory. She randomly selects 30 points on the car and measures
the paint thickness at each of those points.
Identify the population and sample in this setting.

A.The population is every possible point on the car; the sample is the 30
selected points.
B.The population is every car at the factory; the sample is the 1 car she is
curious about.
C.The population is every car at the factory; the sample is the 30 selected
points.
19. A high school has a policy that students' phones must be kept away during class. A principal used
the school roster to poll a random sample of 50 students, and only 10 percent said that they ever had
their phone out during class. The next day, the principal observed classrooms and noticed that
approximately 25 percent of students had their phone out at some point during class.
Which of these is the most concerning potential source of bias in the principal's poll?
A. Bias from undercoverage Undercoverage occurs when some members in the population are left
out of the sampling frame.
B. Bias from using voluntary response Voluntary response is when a researcher gives an open
invitation and people decide to be in the sample or not.
C. Bias from using a convenience sample A convenience sample is when the researcher chooses
the members of the population that are easiest to reach for the sample. T
D. Response bias occurs when people systematically give wrong answers. In this context, students
who have their phone out during class might not want to admit that to the principal since they are
breaking school policy.
20. A prestigious university wants to estimate the average starting salary of its graduates.
The alumni outreach department sends an email to the most recent address they have on
file for every graduate. The email asks the graduates to participate in a survey about their
employment history and starting salary.
Which of the following is not a legitimate concern about their survey results being
representative of all graduates?

A. Some graduates may no longer check the email address that the university has on file.
B. Graduates might claim their salary is higher than it really is, but relatively few would
report a salary lower than what it really is.
C. Current students are not included in the sample.
D. Unemployed graduates may choose to not participate in the survey.
Answer in your notebooks only.

Determine whether in the following scenario the sample is random or biased. Explain your reasoning.

1. Melisa wants to survey students from her Middle School. The students in her school are permitted to use red, blue or white
shirt. She labeled a slip of paper with each color and placed them in a bag. Without looking she chose a color and surveyed
50 students from each grade level wearing a shirt with the color chosen.
Random Sample or Biased Sample
Explain:______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What other sampling method would you use? Describe.

2.John wanted to know the class favorite sneaker brand. There where 35 students. To save time, he asked 8 boys from his
class the brand of sneakers they were wearing. Nike was the most popular.
Would the sample data in this study be a good predictor for the entire population? Explain
Explain 2 ways this survey could have been more representative of his class’s favorite sneaker brand.