Dosen Pengampu

• Oki Anita Candra Dewi

[email protected]

• Muhammad Faisal Ibrahim

[email protected]
d
Learning Outcomes

Sistem Persediaan

• Mahasiswa mampu menghitung

persediaan dengan berbagai karakteristik
permintaan baik independen, dependen,
deterministik dan probabilistik dengan
biaya seminimal mungkin secara individu
maupun berkelompok
2
 Buku Acuan

Tersine, Richard J., (1994), Principle of Inventory and

Materials Management, 4th edition, Prentice-Hall
International, London

Nasution, Arman H., (), Perencanaan dan

Pengendalian Persediaan, Teknik Industri ITS
3
 Model Model Sistem
matematis:
OR2
Deterministik&
Prob.: SI2
produksi
Outline Perkuliahan
----------------------------------------------------------
W1 :Permasalahan W13-15: Material
inventory: tipe, Requirement W16:
fungsi, biaya Planning (MRP) UAS

W2: Peramalan/ W12: Master

Forecasting Production
Schedule (MPS)

W3-4: Independent
Demand System W11: Aggregate
(Deterministik) Planning

W5-6:Discrete W7: Independent

W9-10: Single Order
Demand System Demand System
Quantity
(Deterministik) (Probabilistik)

W8:
4 UTS
Week 1:
Sistem Persediaan
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

• Overview
1

• Tipe persediaan
2

• Permasalahan Persediaan
3

• Fungsi & Properti Persediaan

4

• Biaya Persediaan
5
 Pokok Bahasan & Learning Outcomes

• Tipe, permasalahan, fungsi, properties dan biaya

Pokok
Bahasan
persediaan

• Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan permasalahan

Learning
Outcomes
inventory, tipe, fungsi dan biaya inventory
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

• Overview
1

• Tipe persediaan
2

• Permasalahan Persediaan
3

• Fungsi & Properti Persediaan

4

• Biaya Persediaan
5
 What & Why
we have to study
INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT

9
Overview Persediaan:
Definisi

“Stock on hand of materials at a given time

(a tangible asset which can be seen,
measured, counted)”

10
Pentingnya Persediaan

Inventory Level
Supply Rate

Buffers Demand Rate

from Supply Rate
Inventory Level

Demand Rate
11
Pentingnya Persediaan

• Meningkatkan customer service

1.

• Skala ekonomi : produksi, pembelian (purchasing),

2. transportasi ==== penawaran diskon

• Ketidakpastian demand & lead times

3.

• Antisipasi Kemungkinan kenaikan harga

4.

• Akses seasonal/musiman
5.
12
Pentingnya Sistem Persediaan

(-) Persediaan (+) Persediaan

Jaminan kontinuitas
Membutuhkan space adanya diskontinu
supply

Jaminan service level

Membutuhkan biaya (± 30% ke pelanggan ==>
dari nilai produk ketidakpastian demand
& lead times

13
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

1 • Overview

2 • Tipe persediaan

3 • Permasalahan
Persediaan

4 • Fungsi & Properti

Persediaan

5 • Biaya Persediaan
 Tipe Persediaan Ditunjukkan oleh

tra
n 2. Work in ns
tio for
a process ma
fo rm ti on
ns
tra Sale
Vendors 3.Finished
1. Raw 2. Work in
Materials process goods

tran
sfor 2. Work in on
ma mati
t i on process or
ransf
t

Use
4.Supplies Maintenance, Repair, Operating (MRO)

15
 Persediaan berdasar Tipe Organisasi

Tipe Persediaan

Tipe Raw Work in Finished

Organisasi Supplies Material process goods

Sale of
Sistem retail goods v - - v
Sale of
services v - - -
Special
Project v v v -
Intermitte
Sistem nt process v v v -
manufaktur
Continuou
s process v v v v
16
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

1 • Overview

2 • Tipe persediaan

3 • Permasalahan
Persediaan

4 • Fungsi Persediaan

5 • Biaya Persediaan

6 • Klasifikasi Persediaan
(Teori ABC)
Fungsi Persediaan
1 • Working stock  Lot
sizing

2 • Safety stock

3 • Anticipation Stock =
Seasonal stock

4 • Pipeline Stock = WIP

stock

5 • Decoupling Stock

6 • Physic Stock retail

display inventory
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

1 • Overview

2 • Tipe persediaan

3 • Permasalahan
Persediaan

4 • Fungsi Persediaan

5 • Biaya Persediaan

6 • Klasifikasi Persediaan
(Teori ABC)
Biaya Persediaan

Order cost

Purchase cost Inventory cost Holding cost

Stockout cost

20
1. Biaya Pembelian/Purchase
Cost (P)

Purchase Costs (P)

External Diskon
Dibeli dari pihak luar
P = Biaya pembelian + Biaya transportasi

Internal
Diproduksi sendiri
P = Direct labor + direct material + overhead

21
2. Order/Setup Cost

Order Cost
Biaya purchase order dari pemasok (pembelian external)
Ex: analisa vendor, penulisan PO, penerimaan material, inspeksi material, dll

Setup Cost
Biaya changing over proses produksi memproduksi produk tsb
Ex: shop order, preproduction setup, QA, dll

22
3. Biaya Penyimpanan/Holding Cost/ Carrying
Cost
Holding Costs

Capital Costs = Opportunity Costs

Biaya yg dikorbankan krn tdk digunakan untuk

tujuan lain

Insurance costs

Obsolescence
Biaya resiko value menurun karena perubahan
preferensi customer

Shrinkage
Biaya penurunan kuantitas produk karena
penyimpanan

Deterioration
Biaya penurunan kualitas karena penyimpanan. Ex:
obat

23
4. Stock Out Costs = Depletion Costs

Konsekuensi ekonomi bila terjadi kekosongan/stock out/shortage

Stock Out Costs

External
Backorder, present profit loss, future profit
loss

Internal
Lost production, delay

24
Inventory Turn Over

berapa kali inventory terjual atau digantikan

persediaan baru selama satu tahun

rasio jumlah harga pokok barang yang dijual (cost of good sold)
dengan inventory yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan

25
Inventory Turn Over

Inventory Cost of Goods Sold

turn over = inventory

pengukuran likuiditas kemampuan perusahaan mengkonversikan

perusahaan barang persediaannya menjadi uang secara
tepat

26
 Sistem Persediaan
(LE4B423 )

1 • Overview

2 • Tipe persediaan

3 • Permasalahan
Persediaan

4 • Fungsi & Properti

Persediaan

5 • Biaya Persediaan

6 • Klasifikasi Persediaan
(Teori ABC)
ABC Analysis

Hukum Pareto/80-20 80% Efek DISEBABKAN 20% Penyebab

80% sales •20% produk

80% profit •20% customer

Hukum Pareto
80% area gudang •20% produk
Hukum 80-20
80% inventory •20% produk

80% EFEK •20% PENYEBAB

 Klasifikasi Persediaan
menggunakan konsep 80-20

100
90
80
Total sales (%)

70
60
50
40
30
A items B items C items
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total items (%)
 ( 1+A)X
Y=
A+X

where
The 80-20 Curve
Y = cumulative fraction of sales
X = cumulative fraction of items
A = constant to be determined

The constant is found by

X(1-Y)
A=
Y-X

RI1507 - Manajemen Logistik 30

 Conti
Contoh Klasifikasi Persediaan

Example Suppose that in an inventory of 10 items, 15% of the items

account for 80% of the sales volume. The total sales of all 10 items is
$90,000 per year. How much inventory can be expected if turnover
for A items = 8, B items = 5, and C items = 2?
First, find A.

X( 1-Y) .15(1 - .80)

A= A= = 0.0462
Y-X .80 - .15

Then, using A = 0.0462 and the first item (1/10), we project the sales
volume to be:

( 1+A)X Y=
(1 + .0462).10
= 0. 7156 , or 71.6% of the sales
Y= .0462 + .10
Turnover
A+X Total sales
The inventory for this item is expected to be 0.716(90,000)/8 = $8,055.

RI1507 - Manajemen Logistik 31

 Example (Cont’d)
Projected
Item Cumulative cumulative Projected
(X) item sales cumulative Projected Turnover Average
no. fraction fraction sales (Y) item sales ratio inventory
1 .10 .716 $64,440 $64,440 8:1 $8,055
A
2 .20 .850 76,500 12,060 8:1 1,508
3 .30 .907 81,630 6,630 5:1 1,326
4 .40 .938 84,420 2,790 5:1 558 B
5 .50 .958 86,220 1,800 5:1 360
6 .60 .971 87,390 1,170 2:1 585
7 .70 .981 88,290 900 2:1 450
8 .80 .989 89,010 720 2:1 360 C
9 .90 .995 89,550 540 2:1 270
10 1.00 1.000 90,000 450 2:1 225
5
$90,000 $13,697
 Example (Cont’d)
Projected
Item Cumulative cumulative Projected
(X) item sales cumulative Projected Turnover Average
no. fraction fraction sales (Y) item sales ratio inventory
1 .10 .716 $64,440 $64,440 8:1 $8,055
A
2 .20 .850 76,500 12,060 8:1 1,508
3 .30 .907 81,630 6,630 5:1 1,326
4 .40 .938 84,420 2,790 5:1 558 B
5 numb/total
=Item .50 item .958 = 0,850*90.000
86,220 1,800 5:1 360
6
=2/10 .60 .971 87,390 1,170 2:1 585
7 .70 .981 88,290 900 2:1 450
8 .80 ( 1+A)X.989 89,010 = 76.500-64.440
720 2:1 360 C
9 .90 Y= A+X .995 89,550 540 2:1 270
10 1.00 1.000 90,000 450 = proj.item
2:1 sales 225
/
=[(1+0,0462)0,2] / $90,000 inv.TO $13,697
(0,0462+0,2) = 12060/8
5
1. •Kesimpulan

2. •Next Week: Forecasting