Chapter 6

Introduction to MongoDB
Learning Objectives and Learning Outcomes

Learning Objectives Learning Outcomes

Introduction to MongoDB

1. To study the features of a) To comprehend the reasons

MongoDB. behind the popularity of NoSQL
database.
2. To learn how to perform CRUD
operations. b) To be able to perform CRUD
operations.
3. To study aggregation.
c) To comprehend MapReduce
4. To study the MapReduce framework.
Framework.
d) To understand the
5. To import from and export to aggregation.
CSV format.
e) To be able to successfully
import from and export to
CSV.
Session Plan

Lecture time 90 to 120 minutes

Q/A 15 minutes
Agenda
 What is MongoDB?

 Why MongoDB?
 Using JSON
 Creating or Generating a Unique Key
 Support for Dynamic Queries
 Storing Binary Data
 Replication
 Sharding
 Terms used in RDBMS and MongoDB

 Data Types in MongoDB

 CRUD (Insert(), Update(), Save(), Remove(), Find())

 MapReduce Functions
 Aggregation
 Java Scripting
 MongoImport
 MongoExport
MongoDB– An Introduction
What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is:

1. Cross-platform.

2. Open source.

3. Non-relational.

4. Distributed.

5. NoSQL.

6. Document-oriented data store.

Why MongoDB?
Why MongoDB?

• Open Source

• Distributed

• Fast In-Place Updates

• Replication

• Full Index Support

• Rich Query Language

• Easy Scalability

• Auto sharding
JSON
JSON (Java Script Object Notation)

Sample JSON Document

{
FirstName: John,
LastName: Mathews,
ContactNo: [+123 4567 8900, +123 4444 5555]
}
Unique Identifier

Each JSON document should have a unique identifier. It is the _id key.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Timestamp Machine ID Process ID Counter
Support for Dynamic Queries

MongoDB has extensive support for dynamic queries.

This is in keeping with traditional RDBMS wherein we have static data and
dynamic queries.
Storing Binary Data

MongoDB provides GridFS to support the storage of binary data.

It can store up to 4 MB of data.

Replication in MongoDB

Client Application

Writes Reads

Primary

Replication Replication
Replication

Secondary Secondary Secondary

Sharding in MongoDB

Collection 1

1 TB database

Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard 4

(256 GB) (256 GB) (256 GB) (256 GB)

Logical Database (Collection 1)
Terms Used in RDBMS and MongoDB
Terms Used in RDBMS and MongoDB

RDBMS MongoDB
Database Database
Table Collection
Record Document
Columns Fields / Key Value pairs
Index Index
Joins Embedded documents
Primary Key Primary key (_id is a identifier)
Data Types in MongoDB
Data Types in MongoDB

String Must be UTF-8 valid.

Most commonly used data type.
Integer Can be 32-bit or 64-bit (depends on the server).
Boolean To store a true/false value.
Double To store floating point (real values).
Min/Max keys To compare a value against the lowest or highest
BSON elements.
Arrays To store arrays or list or multiple values into one
key.
Timestamp To record when a document has been modified or
added.
Null To store a NULL value. A NULL is a missing or
unknown value.
Date To store the current date or time in Unix time
format. One can create object of date and pass
day, month and year to it.
Object ID To store the document’s id.
Binary data To store binary data (images, binaries, etc.).
Code To store javascript code into the document.
Regular expression To store regular expression.
CRUD in MongoDB
Collections

To create a collection by the name “Person”. Let us take a look at the

collection list prior to the creation of the new collection “Person”.

db.createCollection(“Person”);
Collections

To drop a collection by the name “food”.

db.food.drop();
Insert Method

Create a collection by the name “Students” and store the following data in it.

db.Students.insert({_id:1, StudName:"Michelle Jacintha", Grade: "VII", Hobbies:

"Internet Surfing"});
Update Method

Insert the document for “Aryan David” into the Students collection only if it
does not already exist in the collection. However, if it is already present in
the collection, then update the document with new values. (Update his
Hobbies from “Skating” to “Chess”.) Use “Update else insert” (if there is an
existing document, it will attempt to update it, if there is no existing
document then it will insert it).

db.Students.update({_id:3, StudName:"Aryan David", Grade: "VII"},{$set:{Hobbies:

"Skating"}},{upsert:true});
Find Method

To search for documents from the “Students” collection based on certain

search criteria.

db.Students.find({StudName:"Aryan David"});
Find Method

To display only the StudName and Grade from all the documents of the
Students collection. The identifier _id should be suppressed and NOT
displayed.

db.Students.find({},{StudName:1,Grade:1,_id:0});
Find Method

To find those documents where the Grade is set to ‘VII’

db.Students.find({Grade:{$eq:'VII'}}).pretty();
Find Method

To find those documents from the Students collection where the Hobbies is set
to either ‘Chess’ or is set to ‘Skating’.

db.Students.find ({Hobbies :{ $in: ['Chess','Skating']}}).pretty ();

Find Method

To find documents from the Students collection where the StudName begins
with “M”.

db.Students.find({StudName:/^M/}).pretty();
Find Method

To find documents from the Students collection where the StudName has an
“e” in any position.

db.Students.find({StudName:/e/}).pretty();
Find Method

To find the number of documents in the Students collection.

db.Students.count();
Find Method

To sort the documents from the Students collection in the descending order of
StudName.

db.Students.find().sort({StudName:-1}).pretty();
Aggregate Function
Aggregate Function
{
CustID: “C123”,
AccBal: 500,
AccType: “S”
} {
CustID: “C123”,
AccBal: 500,
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C123”,
} {
AccBal: 900,
AccType: “S” _id: “C123”,
} { TotAccBal: 1400
CustID: “C123”, }
AccBal: 900,
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C111”, $match $group
}
AccBal: 1200, {
AccType: “S” _id: “C111”,
} {
CustID: “C111”, TotAccBal: 1200
AccBal: 1200, }
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C123”,
}
AccBal: 1500,
AccType: “C”
}

Customers
Aggregate Function

First filter on “AccType:S” and then group it on “CustID” and then

compute the sum of “AccBal” and then filter those documents wherein
the “TotAccBal” is greater than 1200, use the below syntax:

db.Customers.aggregate( { $match : {AccType : "S" } },

{ $group : { _id : "$CustID",TotAccBal : { $sum : "$AccBal" } } },
{ $match : {TotAccBal : { $gt : 1200 } }});
MapReduce Framework
MapReduce Framework

{
CustID: “C123”,
AccBal: 500,
AccType: “S”
} {
CustID: “C123”,
AccBal: 500,
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C123”, {
}
AccBal: 900, _id: “C123”,
AccType: “S” value: 1400
} {
CustID: “C123”,
AccBal: 900, {“C123”:[ 500,900 ]} }
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C111”,
query } map
AccBal: 1200, {“C111”: 1200 } {
AccType: “S” _id: “C111”,
} {
CustID: “C111”, value: 1200
AccBal: 1200, }
{
AccType: “S”
CustID: “C123”, Customer_Totals
}
AccBal: 1500,
AccType: “C”
}

Customers
Java Script Programming
Java Script Programming

To compute the factorial of a given positive number. The user is required to create
a function by the name “factorial” and insert it into the “system.js” collection.
MongoImport
Import data from a CSV file

Given a CSV file “sample.txt” in the D: drive, import the file into the MongoDB
collection, “SampleJSON”. The collection is in the database “test”.

Mongoimport --db test --collection SampleJSON --type csv --headerline --file d:\sample.txt
MongoExport
Export data to a CSV file

This command used at the command prompt exports MongoDB JSON documents
from “Customers” collection in the “test” database into a CSV file “Output.txt”
in the D: drive.

Mongoexport --db test --collection Customers --csv --fieldFile d:\fields.txt --out

d:\output.txt
Answer a few quick questions …
Crossword
Answer Me

 What is MongoDB?

 Comment on Auto-sharding in MongoDB.

 What are collections and documents?

 What is JSON?

 Explain your understanding of Update In-Place.

Summary please…

Ask a few participants of the learning program to summarize the lecture.

References …
Further Readings

http://www.mongodb.org/
https://university.mongodb.com/
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/
Thank you