Belt Conveyor

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Belt Conveyor
PARUKH GOYAL- LCO20271
PRANAV
LCO20272
INTRODUCTION

• Conveyors are mechanical devices


or assemblies used to move items
or packages with minimal effort.
• Belt conveyors convey material
with the help of belt.
• Belt Conveyors are used in a wide
variety of material transport
applications such as manufacturing,
food processing and heavy industry.
Working Principle of Belt Conveyor

A Belt Conveyor works by using


two motorized pulleys that loop
over a long stretch of thick,
durable material. When motors in
the pulleys operate at the same
speed and spin in the same
direction, the belt moves between
the two.
Parts Of Belt Conveyor

1. Belts
2. Idlers
3. Centering device
4. Pulleys
5. Drive units
6. Loading and Discharging device
7. Belt cleaner
8. Automated hold back brakes
1. BELT

Materials
1. Rubber 2. Woven cloth 3. Steel
• Used for bulk material • Light weight material •For metal industries
• Made up of carcass
Characteristics

 High strength

 Low own weight (Light in weight)

 High flexibility

 Low relative elongation

 Low hygroscopicity

 High wear resistance


2. IDLERS
Supports Belt and Material Load.
Built with:
• Shaft surrounded by bearings
• Then roll of steel or rubber
Two main types
• Carrying for material and belt
• Return supports belt on return trip
Efficiency of conveyor largely dependent on this.
Its diameter ranges from 4 to 7 inches.
Idler Types
1. Flat belt idler 2. Toughing idlers with 3. Toughing idlers with
20° trough 35° and 45° trough

 Used for granular  Used for conveying all  Mainly used for
materials of angle of kinds of bulk material. transportation of
repose not less than small particle light
35°. weight materials like
 Preferred for low grains, cotton seed
capacity where etc.
inexpensive  used for carrying
conveying is required. heavier, medium size
lumps like crushed
stones.
3. CENTERING DEVICE:

A number of reasons, such as eccentric


loading, soiling, sticking of the material to
the pulleys and rollers etc., may cause the
belt to run crooked. To prevent the belt
from running off the rollers, special “Belt
training idlers” of various designs are
used. These idlers automatically maintain
belt alignment with respect to a device
(idlers) called centering device.
4. PULLEYS
 Head Pulley - turns belt back around to return &
may be coupled to drive.

 Tail Pulley - turns empty belt around for loading &


occasionally coupled to drive.

 Drive Pulley - Coupled to motor & pulls belt.

 Snub Pulley - usually used to change direction of


belt and increase the contact angle with the drive
pulley (more surface area to transfer power)

 Take Up Pulley - Used to maintain tension on a


belt left loose enough for some flexibility.
5. DRIVE UNITS

In belt conveyors motive power is


transmitted to the belt by friction
as it wraps around the driving pulley
rotted by an electric motor.

The drive comprises the following


parts: the pulley (Sometimes two
pulleys), motor and the
transmission gear between the
motor and the pulley.
6. LOADING DEVICE
The loading device comprises a chute and skirtboards that are connected to
each other and are above the Belt Conveyor. The loading device is
configured to load bulk material onto the belt in the transition region. The
skirtboards have linear bottom surfaces that rise as the distance from the
tail pulley increases.
Loading depends on the nature & characteristics of the load conveyed and
the method of loading.
Example: Charging
• For piece goods - various types of chutes are directly loaded onto the
belt.
• For loose materials – feed hopper.
6. Discharging Device

Trippers

 Used to discharge the material at a


number of fixed points.

 Made of two pulley which may be


fixed or movable.
Plough Scrapper

 More than one point discharge.

 Generally used in flat and horizontal


conveyor.

 Scrappers or ploughs are diagonally mounted


usually at 30° across the direction of travel.

 May damage the belt if speed is higher than


60m/min.
7. Belt Cleaner

Belt cleaners are mounted near the discharge


pulley.

 In case of dry particles: The clinging dry


particles are cleaned by scrapper/wiper.
 In case of wet and sticky materials:
Revolving brushes are used.
8. Automated hold back brakes

A sudden stoppage of a loaded inclined belt


conveyor may cause slipping back of the loaded
belt. This will happen if longitudinal component of
load weight which is larger than the forces of
frictional resistance to belt motion.

 To prevent this type of spontaneous movement


of the belt, a special hold back brake is
mounted on the main or auxiliary shaft which
keep inclined in conveyor.
 It is a special protecting device which
automatically disconnects the drive when the
belt slips on the pulley.
Types Of Belt Conveyors
• Roller Bed Belt Conveyors
• Flat Belt Conveyors
• Curved Belt Conveyors
• Modular Belt Conveyors
• Cleated Belt Conveyors
• Portable Belt Conveyors
• Incline/Decline Belt Conveyors
1. Roller Bed Belt Conveyors

It is a kind of conveyor which uses


several rollers which are set up on
the fixed support according to a
certain distance to transport
goods. Roller bed belt conveyor is
suitable for all kinds of boxes,
bags, pallets and other pieces of
cargo transportation, mostly used
for station or airport luggage
sorting.
2. Flat Belt Conveyors

It has the general structure and


characteristics of the belt
conveyor, which is suitable for
the transportation of irregular
shape and light weight objects,
such as postal parcels, clothes,
paper products, plastic
products, etc.
3. Modular Belt Conveyors
These systems use a single loop made of
countless interlocked pieces, usually made of
hard plastic. These segments can be removed
and replaced individually, in contrast to
having to discard the entire belt. They’re also
easier to wash, as well as more resistant to
sharp and abrasive materials.
This type of Belt Conveyors can be used to
carry food products because it is easy to
clean. Spacing between plastic segments are
adjustable for applications where fluid should
be either drained or retained as it is carried
on the conveyor.
4. Cleated Belt Conveyors

Cleated belt conveyors feature vertical


cleats or barriers in their designs. These
cleats can keep loose materials secure
during inclines and declines, to provide
consistent spacing between items, and
more. Furthermore, cleats come in different
shapes, each with its own application.
Cleated belt conveyor is widely used in coal,
grain, building materials, chemical industry,
hydropower and metallurgy industries.
5. Curved Belt Conveyors
This type of belt conveyor uses a
curved frame to carry items around
corners, make tight transfers, or
maximize available floor space.
These belts curves can go up to
180°. True curved conveyors that
do not have any straight runs can
only use flat belts.

These are often used in bag


handling systems to change items’
conveying direction.
6. Portable Belt Conveyor
Universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the
portable belt conveyor, which can move freely
according to the stacking position of the materials,
and are mostly used in the environment with small
conveying inclination angle.
It is mainly used in places where loading and
unloading places change frequently, such as ports,
stations, coal plant, warehouses, construction
sites, etc., for short-distance transportation and
loading and unloading of bulk materials or single
weight of less than 100 kg of finished goods.
7. Incline/Decline Belt Conveyors

Incline belt conveyors feature a center drive,


gear motor, and take-up with a single or double
nose. And instead of using a smooth-surfaced
belt, this type of conveyor has a rough surface on
the belt, ideal for carrying products up or down.
These systems can cross over with cleated belt
conveyors to transport products to different
elevations while keeping them from falling off
the line. Aside from transferring objects between
floors, these Belt Conveyors are also suitable for
boosting gravity flow systems.
APPLICATIONS
1. Many other functions can be performed with the basic conveying like weighing,
sorting, picking, grading, spraying, cooling, drying, sampling etc.
2. It can be used for special purposes like fire resistance, wear resistance,
corrosion resistance and can be integrated with other equipment.
3. Major role in mining.
4. Scaffolding Hatch.
5. Belt Conveyors for the Automotive Industry.
6. Vacuum Filter Belts.
7. Structural Bearings and Elastomer Sheeting.
ADVANTAGES
 High load carrying capacity. (500-5000 /hour)
 Large length of conveying path. (up to 3-4 km in single conveyor)
 High reliability for operation.
 Operates without noise.
 Easy Maintenance & Require less manpower.
 More flexible.
 Require simple arrangements both at loading & unloading ends.
 Energy efficient compared to other means of transport because of high pay
load to total load ratio.
DISADVANTAGES
 Hot material cannot be transported by belt conveyor.
 Vertical transport cannot be done by belt conveyor.
 High initial cost for short distances.
 A separate arrangement for material handling is required.
 Conveying of sticky material is associated with problems of cleaning and
discharge causing poor productivity.
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

• Rubber or metal bladed wipers located on or near the head pulley


Of the conveyor provide adequate cleaning and economical
construction.
• Sometimes water spray, compressed air or fixed or power driven
revolving brushes are used.
• Tramp iron can be removed from materials carried on belt
conveyors by either permanent or electromagnetic pulleys.
CONCLUSION

• Belt Conveyor systems can improve efficiency and help to reduce


repetitive lifting and carrying.
• Many industries use Belt conveyor systems to transport raw
materials and products through the stages of a process or to and
from storage.
THANK YOU

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