Acoustic is the branch of physics that deals with sound and vibration. It involves understanding how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. In architecture and design, acoustics aims to control sound in spaces by preserving desired sounds while reducing unwanted noise. Sound is a pressure wave that travels through air or other media. Key properties of sound include frequency, velocity, wavelength, and power. Noise is an unwanted sound that can negatively impact health, comfort, and concentration. Controlling noise involves addressing its source, transmission path, and receiver. Reflection, absorption, and reverberation impact how sound behaves in a space.
Acoustic is the branch of physics that deals with sound and vibration. It involves understanding how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. In architecture and design, acoustics aims to control sound in spaces by preserving desired sounds while reducing unwanted noise. Sound is a pressure wave that travels through air or other media. Key properties of sound include frequency, velocity, wavelength, and power. Noise is an unwanted sound that can negatively impact health, comfort, and concentration. Controlling noise involves addressing its source, transmission path, and receiver. Reflection, absorption, and reverberation impact how sound behaves in a space.
Acoustic is the branch of physics that deals with sound and vibration. It involves understanding how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. In architecture and design, acoustics aims to control sound in spaces by preserving desired sounds while reducing unwanted noise. Sound is a pressure wave that travels through air or other media. Key properties of sound include frequency, velocity, wavelength, and power. Noise is an unwanted sound that can negatively impact health, comfort, and concentration. Controlling noise involves addressing its source, transmission path, and receiver. Reflection, absorption, and reverberation impact how sound behaves in a space.
Acoustic is the branch of physics that deals with sound and vibration. It involves understanding how sound is produced, transmitted, and perceived. In architecture and design, acoustics aims to control sound in spaces by preserving desired sounds while reducing unwanted noise. Sound is a pressure wave that travels through air or other media. Key properties of sound include frequency, velocity, wavelength, and power. Noise is an unwanted sound that can negatively impact health, comfort, and concentration. Controlling noise involves addressing its source, transmission path, and receiver. Reflection, absorption, and reverberation impact how sound behaves in a space.
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ACOUSTIC
Understanding the principles, desire and
undesired DEFINITION ACOUSTIC (Greek term AKOUEIN, meaning “TO HEAR”) one of the oldest branch in physics
Acoustic: The branch of physics that deals with the
production, control, transmission, reception and effects of sound.
Sound: The sensation stimulated in the organs of
hearing by mechanical radiant energy transmitted as longitudinal pressure waves through the air or other medium. ACOUSTIC In architecture and interior design Concern with control of sound in spaces Preserve and enhanced desired sound Reduce or eliminate sound that interfere with our activities Nature and Properties of Sound Nature of Sound
Beneficial music, speech, warning sounds
etc. Noise unwanted sound Nature and Properties of Sound Origin of Sound
Sound is a sensation produced in the ear and brain
by variations in the pressure of the air. These pressure variations transfer energy from a source of vibration. Suitable vibrations in the air can be caused by a variety of methods. Nature and Properties of Sound Properties of Sound Sound is a pressure wave and thus cannot exist in a vacuum. Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids and gases. For a sound to exist, two things are necessary: 1) a source (vibrating body to produce the pressure waves) 2) a medium (something for the pressure waves to move)
The sound source vibrates
and affects air particles, which strike the ear drum Nature and Properties of Sound Measurement of Sound The logarithmic scale used is known as the decibel or dB after Alexander Graham Bell. This scale is approximately corresponds to the perception of the change in loudness detected by our hearing. The decibel is the smallest change in sound pressure that ear can detect. Nature and Properties of Sound Example of sound pressure level scale in loudness (dB)
Ref: http://www.nohsc.gov.au/OHSInformation/OHSSolutions/noise/NOISECONT.HTM Nature and Properties of Sound Sound waves have four (4) basic qualities:
1. Frequency (ƒ): is the number of cycles of vibration per
second. The unit is hertz (Hz)
2. Velocity (v): depends on the medium in which
the sound is traveling and the temperature of the medium. It is the distance moved per second in a fixed direction. The unit is metre per second (m/s). Nature and Properties of Sound Sound waves have four (4) basic qualities:
3. Wavelength (λ): is the distance between any two
repeating points on wave. It is measured in metre (m).
4. Power: is the quality of acoustic energy as
measured in watts. It is this power that people perceive as loudness. Nature and Properties of Sound For every vibration of the sound source the wave moves forward by one wavelength. The number of vibrations per second therefore indicates the total length moved in 1 second; which is the same as velocity. This relationship is true for all wave motions and can be written as the following formula.
v=ƒxλ where v = velocity in m/s ƒ = frequency in Hz λ = wavelength in m Noise The railroads noise
The main roads and traffics
Power Plant noise
Noise Noise is an unwanted sound. This is an environmental definition of sound that takes account of the effect of a sound rather than its nature.
any sound that is unwanted, annoying, or discordant, or that interferes with one’s hearing of something
Many of the reasons for not wanting a particular sound can be identified by the effects that can have on the listener or on the environment. Some of the effects are Hearing loss Quality of life Interference Distraction Expense Noise Measurement of noise
The acceptance of noise by people obviously depends on individual
hearing sensitivity and upon living habits. The acceptance of noise is also affected by the external factors outlined below.
Type of environment
Frequency structure
Duration Noise Noise control Action against the many types of noises, which causes concern in buildings, can be grouped into three main areas: Source Path Receiver Noise Source, Path, Receiver Almost every acoustic situation can be described in terms of a source of sound, a path for transmission of sound and a receiver of the sound.
Sometimes the source strength can be increased or reduced,
the path can be made less or more effective and the receiver can be made more attentive by removing distraction, or can be made more tolerant to the disturbance.
Sound reduction in all three areas of source, path and receiver
are relevant to the design of quieter buildings. Noise Unwanted noise generated outside a room can be controlled in three ways:
To control and isolate the noise at its source
To organize the building plan such that noisy areas are located as far away as possible from quiet areas To eliminate possible paths (through the air or through a building's structure) that the noise can take from its source to the space Noise Control and isolate the noise at its source
Enclosure of noise equipment Behaviour of Sound Reflection
Sound is reflected in the same way as light, provided that the
reflecting object is larger than the wavelength of the sound concerned. The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence of the wave. (law of reflection) Law of reflection: applies when the sound wave is small compared to the reflecting surface
At the boundary surface, the sound energy is partly
Reflected Absorbed Transmitted Diffracted Behaviour of Sound Pattern of Reflected Sound
Reflecting surfaces are useful to help the even distribution of
sound and to increase the overall sound levels by reinforcement of the sound waves.
Flat reflector spread reflected sound
Concave Reflector focus reflected sound Convex Reflector widely spread and diffuse reflected sound Behaviour of Sound
Due to the behaviour of sound, sound levels can be controlled through
the use of sound-absorbing materials
The material characteristic is generally
• Less dense like fibrous plaster, carpet, curtains etc. diffuse / absorb the sound
• Densed like tiles, aluminium, plastic, panels etc. diffract / refract /
reflect the sound
Reverberation is controlled by the acoustic absorption within the enclosed space
Behaviour of Sound Reverberation Definition : the prolongation of sound as it repeatedly bounces off hard surfaces.
When a sound source is suddenly stopped, the sound intensity in
the room does not suddenly disappear. It gradually fades away.
Reverberation is not the same as an echo as the reflections reach
the listener too rapidly for the ‘to be heard’ as a separate sounds. Behaviour of Sound Reverberation •Due to successive reflections in an enclosed space •Modifies the perception of transient space •Important for speech intelligibility and understanding •High reverberation times tend to increase background noise levels •Convey atmosphere References
and Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. • Ballast, D.K.(1998). Interior Construction & Detailing for designers and architects. Professional Publications, Inc. USA. • Mitchell’s Environment and Services (8 th edn)
