Mathematics: For Grade 6

MATHEMATICS
for Grade 6
Unit 2:
Equations
Important Terms
Constant
A part of a mathematical expression that always has the same value.
Variable
A part of a mathematical expression that may have any value.
Mathematical Expression
Only symbols for numbers, variables and arithmetic or relational
operations are used.
Equation
A statement having an equal sign which links two mathematical
expressions.
MATHEMATICAL SENTENCES
Numerals 0, ½, 2, 79, 0.06, 7%
Variables y, c, a, x, v, i
Relation symbols =, >, <

Operation symbols +, -, x, ÷
Grouping symbols ( ),
Equations
• An equation always has:
 An equal sign.
A left hand side and a right hand side.
Which of the following mathematical sentences are
true equations?
1) 7 x 8 = 56 9) 18 ÷ 6 = 36 ÷ 12
2) 4 x 9 = 32 10)40 x 60 = 60 x 40
3) 25 ÷ 3 = 8 11) 210 ÷ 70 = 15 ÷ 5
4) 14 + 8 > 30 12) 175 > 100 + 70 +5
5) 30 x 10 < 400 13) 3.7 + 4.7 ≠ 7.3 + 7.4
6) 100 ÷ 5 = 4 x 5 14) ( 3 x 5 ) x 12 = 3 x ( 5 X 12 )
7) 134 – 34 = 100 15) ( 25 x 4 ) x 10 = ( 78 x 10 ) ÷ 6
8) 32 x 10 = 3,200 16) ( 7 + 18 ) + 12 = 7 + ( 18 + 12)
New words to learn for algebra
Variables
Constant
Term
Expression
Coefficient
In the following expression give the
names of all the parts.
( 3x + 2y) X (6x + 5y) = 30a + 9
1) _____________________________
2) _____________________________
3) _____________________________
4) _____________________________
5) _____________________________
List all the parts and write how
many of each there are.
( 3x + 2y) X (6x + 5y) = 30a + 9
1) __________________________ (__)
2) __________________________ (__)
3) __________________________ (__)
4) __________________________ (__)
5) __________________________ (__)
Solving Equations
When solving equations, we must always keep
both sides equal by always doing the same
thing to each other.
We want to get the variable on its own on one
side of the “=“ sign.
Addition with equations
a) If 3+ 2 = 5 then 4 + (3 + 2) =____ + 5
b) If 7- 3 = 4 then (7 - 3) + 6 =____ + 6
c) If 65+ 25 = 90 then (65+25) + 15 =___ +90

What number should be added or subtracted to
find the value of the variable?
a) x + 5 = 9 x + 5 – 5 = 9 -5 ( x = 4 )
b) y + 3 = 15 _____________ ( y = _ )
c) a + 4 = 16 _____________ ( a = _ )
d) h + 7 = 10 _____________ ( h = _ )
e) c + 20 = 3 _____________ ( c = _ )
f) y + 55 = 4 _____________ ( y = _ )
g) 18 = x + 10 _____________ ( x = _ )
h) 29 = k - 3 _____________ ( k = _ )
Subtraction with equations
a) If 3+ 2 = 5 then (3 + 2) - 2 = 5 - ____
b) If 7- 3 = 4 then (7 - 3) - 2 = 4 - ____
c) If 65+ 25 = 90 then (65+25) - 15 =___ - 15

Solve these equations
a) x – 7 = 20 e) x + 9 = 10
b) d – 15 = 5 f) f – 9 = 0
c) h – 80 = 80 g) 116 – x = 100
d) 15 + x = 30 h) r + 3 = 3
Multiplication with equations
a) If 1 + 2 = 3 then 6 x ( 1+2 ) = ____ x 3
b) If 10 - 5 = 5 then 5 x ( 10-5 ) = ____ x 5
c) If 8 + 2 = 10 then 7 x ( 8+2 ) = ____ x 10

Division with equations
a) If 8 + 10 = 18 then ( 8+10 ) ÷ 2 = 18 ÷ ___
b) If 9 - 6 = 3 then ( 9-6 ) ÷ ___ = 3 ÷ 3
c) If 8 + 2 = 10 then ( 8+2 ) ÷ 5 = 10 ÷ ___

By what number should each side be multiplied or
divided in order to find the value of the variables?
a) a x 6 = 18 _____________ ( a = _ )
b) b ÷ 3 = 4_____________ ( b = _ )
c) 15 ÷ a = 3 _____________ ( a = _ )
d) 18 ÷ b = 6 _____________ ( b = _ )
e) a x 4 = 16 _____________ ( a = _ )
f) b x 4 = 36 _____________ ( b = _ )
g) a ÷ 4 = 3 _____________ ( a = _ )
h) 17 x 2 = b _____________ ( b = _ )
a) m x 12 = 96 e) u ÷ 1 = 1
b) k ÷ 12 = 96 f) d x 7 = 56
c) g ÷ 5 = 100 g) z x 12 = 144
d) u x 1 = 1 h) p ÷ 8 = 96
i) 3n x 2 = 12 n) 20 = y - 8
j) 2y x 4 = 8 o) 5 x a = 16
k) 7k x 2 = 28 p) 18 - = 3
l) 12s ÷ 3 = 8
m) 7 + x = 74
Equations word problems
1) Translate into a mathematical sentence.
2) Solve the mathematical problem with word

descriptions where possible.
3) Write the answer using the same words as in

the question.
A book has 45 pages. You have read 15
pages. How many more pages to be read?
1) Mathematical sentence 45 – 15 = p
2) Method: Total number: 45 pages
Number read: - 15 pages
Value of p: 30 pages
3) Answer: The value of p is 30.
There are 30 pages left to be read
1. Your mother has 1, 673 baht, and your
father has 150 baht more than your mother.
How much does your father have?
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
2. Your teacher has 623 pieces of chalk. He
uses 5 pieces. How many pieces of chalk are
left?
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
3. Your father receives a bonus from his employer. He
buys a refrigerator for 8,500 baht. He still has a
balance of 3,000 baht. How much money did he
receive from his employer?
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
4. A table is four times heavier than a chair. If the
weight of the table is 12 kg, what is the weight of the
chair?
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
5. The area of a rectangle is 48 sq. cm. If the width is
5cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
6. If you double a number and add 7, the result is 29.
Find the number.
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
7. When you triple a number and take away 5, the
result is 22. Find the number.
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
8. Suthape has a box of biscuits. He gives of the
biscuits to his brother. When his brother counts his
biscuits, there are five. Use an equation to find the
total number of biscuits in the box.
• Equation:
• Method:
• Answer:
Test your understanding
1. What are the symbols used in mathematical sentence?
 +, - , x and ÷
2. What is a variable?
 A variable is the unknown value shown by letters.
3. What is a constant?
 A constant has always the same value.
4. What must be done when solving an equation?
 We must keep both sides of the equation equal.
5. What is an equation?
 Equation is a statement having an equal sign which links two
mathematical expression.

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MATHEMATICS

Numerals 0, ½, 2, 79, 0.06, 7%

Relation symbols =, >, <

c) If 65+ 25 = 90 then (65+25) + 15 =___ +90

c) If 65+ 25 = 90 then (65+25) - 15 =___ - 15

b) If 10 - 5 = 5 then 5 x ( 10-5 ) = ____ x 5

c) If 8 + 2 = 10 then 7 x ( 8+2 ) = ____ x 10

b) If 9 - 6 = 3 then ( 9-6 ) ÷ ___ = 3 ÷ 3

c) If 8 + 2 = 10 then ( 8+2 ) ÷ 5 = 10 ÷ ___

2) Solve the mathematical problem with word

3) Write the answer using the same words as in

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