Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

San Marcelino, Zambales, Philippines

ELEMENTS and
PRINCIPLES of ART

Prepared by: Art Appreciation (Gec 6)

CAMILLE ANN ANGEL, LPT
Instructor I
 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the elements of visual arts and principles of design;
2. Differentiate the elements of visual arts and it’s principles;
3. Familiarized with the uses and meaning of each element;
4. Explain the relevance of the elements and principles of art in the
study of art and its products (artworks)

04/01/2023 ART APPRECIATION (GEC 6) 2

 Elements of Art
The Elements of Art are the “tools” that artists use to make art.

1 Line
2 Shape
3 Form
4 Values
5
Space
6 Color

7
Texture
 Elements of Art: Visual

01 LINE
A line refers to a point
moving at an identifiable
path – it has length and
direction. It also has
width.
 FIVE TYPES OF LINES IN ART

1. Horizontal lines are straight

lines parallel to the horizon that
move from left to right.

2. Vertical lines are straight up and

down lines that are moving in space
without any slant and are
perpendicular to horizontal lines.
3. DIAGONAL LINES – are lines
that slant in any direction except
horizontal or vertical.
4. CURVED LINES – these are lines that bend or change
direction gradually. They can convey action and excitement, as
well as restlessness and anxiety.
5. ZIGZAG LINES – are a
series of diagonal lines
joined at ends. They can
convey action and
excitement
 Variations of Lines

Lines come in many varieties.

1. Be long, short, or anything in between

2. Be thick, thin
3. Continuously change width
4. Be smooth or rough
5. Be continuous, implied, dotted, dashed
6. Be any of the above combined
 Some Ways Artists Use Line
 to outline; a starting place for many drawings or
paintings
 to suggest moods or emotions; lines can appear calm,
nervous, angry, etc.
 to lead the viewer’s eye through a work of art
 to create lightness or darkness; lines placed close
together appear darker than those placed further from
each other
 to create texture; roughness or smoothness
 Common Types of Line Drawings

1. Contour line drawing: 

Drawings that use a fairly
continuous line to
represent the edges and
surface detail of shapes
or objects being drawn.
● \
2. Gestural line drawing: These
drawings use quick pencil
strokes (or other drawing
instruments) to capture a
scene. Gestural drawings imply
action and movement.
3. Hatched and Cross-hatched line drawing: drawi
consist or parallel lines (hatching) or crossing paralle
(cross-hatching) drawn to create changes in lightne
darkness and texture.
 02 SHA
Shape is created when a line becomes connected and
encloses space. It is the outline or outward appearance of
something
Shapes are 2 Dimensional (2-D) which means there are 2
ways they can be measured.

Two basic types of shape.

 The 2 types of shape
A. Geometric shape–
these shapes find origin in
mathematical
propositions.
 B. Organic – organic
shapes those readily
occurring in nature, often
irregular and
asymmetrical.
 Form refers to three dimensions (3-D): height, w
and depth. They occupy space or give the illusio
03 FORM they occupy the space.
 04
VALUES Value is the lightness or darkness of
objects appear more real because it imita
showing value in a work of art, you will ne

A light source is the place

 05 Space is basically divided
SPACE parts: Foreground, Middle
and Background
Space can be shallow or deep depending on what the
artist wants to use. Shallow space is used when
the artist has objects very close to the viewer.
Deep Space may show objects up c
objects are shown far away too.
 Two – dimensional artwork
implied:

a. Positive and negative s

identified with the whi
negative spa
b. Three – dimensional s
simulated through a
techniques such as

Positive space is the actual object(s) within

the artwork
Negative Space is the area in and around the
06
COLO Color is perhaps one of the
R that enhances the appea
artwork. This element is a pr
light, as it reflected off the ob

These colors are:

RED, ORANGE, YELLOW
BLUE, INDIGO, VIOLET
 (ROY G BIV)
The color wheel corresponds to the first property of color, hue.

A. Hue – this dimension of color gives its name. It can be subdivided into: Red and Y
 Primary colors – red, yellow, and blue

These colors are primary for 2 reasons:

1. They can’t be mixed to be made Red and B
2. They make all the other colors on the color wheel

Yellow an
 Secondary colors – green, orange, and violet
 Tertiary colors – six in total, these hues are achieved when
primary and secondary colors are mixed
B. Value – this refers to the
brightness or darkness of color.

 Light colors – taken as the

source of light in the
composition
 Dark colors – the lack or
even absence of light
 Tint – this is a lighter color
than the normal value
 Shade – this is a darker color
C. Intensity – this is the Color Schemes
Color is divided into groups ba
color’s brightness or dullness.
way they are placed on the c
 Bright or warm colors – 3-4 colors “next-door-neighbo
positive energy other creates an analogous c
 Dull or cool colors – scheme
sedate/soothing, seriousness
or calm
Color schemes
2 colors that are directly
opposite each other (going
across the center) creates a
complementary color scheme
07
TEXTURE is the way the surface of an object actua

In the artistic world, we refer to two types of textu

1. Tactile
2. Implied
1. Tactile (or Real) Texture
is the way the surface of an object
actually feels.
2. Implied Texture is the way the
surface of an object looks like it
feels.
 THANKS!
Does anyone have any questions?

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,

including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik