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3is Lesson1

Research is a systematic process of investigation to understand a phenomenon. Social research specifically studies theories and facts to answer questions about social reality. There are two main types of research - basic research aims to increase knowledge for its own sake, while applied research seeks practical solutions to problems. Social impact assessment research examines how policies or projects affect people and communities, identifying both positive impacts like improved health but also negative impacts such as pollution or inequality.

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Roland Penny
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61 views20 pages

3is Lesson1

Research is a systematic process of investigation to understand a phenomenon. Social research specifically studies theories and facts to answer questions about social reality. There are two main types of research - basic research aims to increase knowledge for its own sake, while applied research seeks practical solutions to problems. Social impact assessment research examines how policies or projects affect people and communities, identifying both positive impacts like improved health but also negative impacts such as pollution or inequality.

Uploaded by

Roland Penny
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NATURE OF

RESEARCH and
SOCIAL
RESEARCH
What is Research?
To research is to find answers to questions. All
professionals and practitioners in various fields of
study conduct research to determine answers to their
inquiries.
They gather data to answer questions and seek
solutions to problems about the social world.
Ardales (2001) defines research as:
A systematic, objective, and comprehensive investigation of
certain phenomenon which involves accurate gathering and
recording, and critical analyses and interpretation of all facts
about the phenomenon for theoretical or practical ends.
Research, therefore, is a systematic inquiry conducted to
understand a phenomenon. It can be done through the
gathering, analysis, and interpretation of facts.
Social Research
- is a process in which a researcher combines a set of
principles, outlooks, and ideas with a collection of specific
practices, techniques, and strategies to produce knowledge.

The researcher conducts a systematic study of theories and


facts to answer different questions about the social reality.
The four important things that a researcher must
consider in conducting a specific type of research are:
1. the use of the research,
2. the purpose of the study design,
3. the time dimension of the study design, and
4. the data gathering method or technique to be used.
A. Use of Research
• It is usually done to develop and produce new
knowledge about the social world.
• It is conducted to address a specific issue and
concern and provide an answer or solution to a
problem affecting a person, group, community,
and the society in general.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Basic Research
- also called pure research or fundamental research
- to answer questions about the nature of human behavior and
to understand psychological processes.
- goal is to increase knowledge
- the main motivation is to expand man's knowledge, not to
create or invent something.
For example, basic
science investigations
probe for answers to
questions such as:
• How did the universe
begin?
• Is memory better for
words or nonwords?
TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Applied Research
- is designed to solve practical problems of the modern
world.
- is a methodology used to solve a specific, practical problem
of an individual or group. The study and research are used
in business, medicine and education in order to find
solutions that may cure diseases, solve scientific problems
or develop technology.
For example, applied
researchers may
investigate ways to:
• improve agricultural
crop production
• treat or cure a
specific disease
EXAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
1. Evaluation Research Study
- is done to assess the effectiveness of a program,
policy, or campaign. This type of applied research is
commonly conducted by organizations such as
businesses, schools, and government and
nongovernmental organization to analyze the
effectiveness of their programs.
2. Action Research Study
- refers to a wide variety of evaluative, investigative, and
analytical research methods designed to diagnose problems or
weaknesses whether organizational, academic, or instructional
and help educators develop practical solutions to address them
quickly and efficiently.
- Action research questions typically begin in ways related to
“How does … ?” or “How do I/we … ?”,
3. Social Impact Assessment Research Study
- is a process for the identification, analysis, assessment,
management and monitoring of the potential social impacts
of a project, both positive and negative.
- examples of social impact assessments include looking at
how people live in a society (kinship or nuclear setting),
culture, community, medical knowledge, and political
systems. These examples showcase the emphasis on the
environment and its effect on social impact.
Positive social impact refers to the positive effects of an individual
or organization's actions on people and the planet. This can include
improving people's health, increasing access to education, promoting
equality, and supporting the local economy.
Ex:
• Providing access to clean drinking water in a community that does
not have it
• Planting trees in a community to improve air quality and reduce
pollution
• Developing technologies and innovations that improve people's lives
and well-being.
Negative social impact refers to the negative effects that an
individual or organization's actions have on the well-being of a
community. This can include pollution, crime, inequality, and
economic decline.
Ex:
• Building a factory that pollutes the air and water in a
community
• Discriminating against certain groups of people, such as based
on race or gender
• Cutting down trees in a society without replanting them
PURPOSES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
1. Exploratory Research - most social research studies
are conducted to explore a topic to satisfy researchers
curiosity and desire for better understanding.
2. Descriptive Research - social research studies
provides descriptions. They aim to describe situations
and events.
3. Explanatory Research - it provides explanation and
usually answers the question WHY?
Selecting a
topic
Communicating Identifying the
research findings research
and result question
Steps in
the
Interpreting Research Developing a
research
data
Process design

Carrying out a Gathering or


data analysis collecting data

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