PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3:
Kinematics of Linear Motion

1
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Learning Outcomes :
Linear Motion

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

 Solve problems involving the analysis of the position of

an object in relation to time.

2
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Kinematics of Linear motion

  studies of motion of an objects without

considering the effects that produce the motion.

 Two types of motion:

 Linear or straight line motion (1-D)

 with constant (uniform) velocity

 with constant (uniform) acceleration, e.g. free fall motion

 Projectile motion (2-D)

 x-component (horizontal)

 y-component (vertical)

3
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Linear motion (1-D)
Distance, d (scalar quantity)

  the length of actual path between two points.

 Example :
Q

 The length of the path from P to Q is 25 cm.

4
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Displacement, ( vector quantity)

  distance between initial point and final point

in a straight line.
 S.I. unit of displacement is metre (m).

5
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Displacement,
Example 1 :
An object P moves 30 m to the east after that 15 m to the south
and finally moves 40 m to west. Determine the displacement of P
relative to the original position.

Solution :

6
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Speed, v (scalar quantity)

  the rate of change of distance.

distance
 Equation:

change of distance
speed 
time interval

Δd
v
Δt

7
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Velocity, (vector quantity)
s2  s1 Δs
vav  vav 
t 2  t1
Δt

Acceleration, (vector quantity)

v2  v1 Δv
aav  aav 
t 2  t1 Δt

8
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

9
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Deceleration, - a

  negative acceleration.
 Object slowing down  the speed of the object decreases
with time.

10
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Graphical methods
Displacement against time graph (s-t)
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Velocity versus time graph (v-t)
v v v B
Uniform
C
Uniform velocity acceleration

0 t1 (a) t2 t 0 t1 t 0 t1 t
(b) t2 t2 (c)

Area under the v-t graph = displacement

12
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A toy train moves slowly along a straight track according to the
displacement, s against time, t graph.

a. Explain qualitatively the motion of the toy train.

b. Sketch a velocity (cm s-1) against time (s) graph.
c. Determine the average velocity for the whole journey.
d. Calculate the instantaneous velocity at t = 12 s.
e. Determine the distance travelled by the toy train.

13
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A toy train moves slowly along a straight track according to the
displacement, s against time, t graph.

a. Explain qualitatively the motion of the toy train.

b. Sketch a velocity (cm s-1) against time (s) graph.
c. Determine the average velocity for the whole journey.
d. Calculate the instantaneous velocity at t = 12 s.
e. Determine the distance travelled by the toy train.

14
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A toy train moves slowly along a straight track according to the
displacement, s against time, t graph.

a. Explain qualitatively the motion of the toy train.

b. Sketch a velocity (cm s-1) against time (s) graph.
c. Determine the average velocity for the whole journey.
d. Calculate the instantaneous velocity at t = 12 s.
e. Determine the distance travelled by the toy train.

15
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

16
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Exercise 1 : At Home
1. A velocity-time (v-t) graph shows the motion of a lift.

a. Describe qualitatively the motion of the lift.

b. Sketch a graph of acceleration (m s 2) against time (s).
c. Determine the total distance travelled by the lift and its
displacement.
d. Calculate the average acceleration between 20 s to 40 s.

17
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 1 : At Home
2. A train pulls out of a station and accelerates steadily for 20 s until its
velocity reaches 8 m s1. It then travels at a constant velocity for 100
s, then it decelerates steadily to rest in a further time of 30 s.
a. Sketch a velocity-time graph for the journey.
b. Calculate the acceleration and the distance travelled in each
part of the journey.
c. Calculate the average velocity for the journey.
Physics For Advanced Level, 4th edition, Jim Breithaupt, Nelson
Thornes, pg.15, no. 1.11
.

18
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Uniformly accelerated motion

 Equations of motion with uniform acceleration:

v  u  at
1 2
s  ut  at
2
2 2
v  u  2as

19
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Uniformly accelerated motion

 Equations of motion with uniform acceleration:

v  u  at
1 2
s  ut  at
2
2 2
where
v  u  2as
v : final velocity
u : initial velocity
a : uniform (constant) acceleration
t : time
s : displacement
20
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 1 :
A plane on a runway accelerates from rest and must attain takeoff speed
of 148 m s1 before reaching the end of the runway. The plane’s
acceleration is uniform along the runway and of value 914 cm s2.
Calculate
a. the minimum length of the runway required by the plane to takeoff.
b. the time taken for the plane cover the length in (a).

21
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
a. the minimum length of the runway required by the plane to
takeoff.

22
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
b. the time taken for the plane cover the length in (a).
By using the equation of linear motion,

23
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A particle moves along horizontal line according to the equation
s  t 2  2t  3
Where s is displacement in meters and t is time in seconds.
At time, t = 3 s, determine
a. the displacement of the particle,
b. Its velocity, and
c. Its acceleration.
Solution :
a. t =3 s ; s  t 2  2t  3

24
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
b. Instantaneous velocity at t = 3 s,

25
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
c. Instantaneous acceleration at t = 3 s,

26
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 3:
1. A speedboat moving at 30.0 m s-1 approaches stationary buoy
marker 100 m ahead. The pilot slows the boat with a constant
acceleration of -3.50 m s-2 by reducing the throttle.
a. How long does it take the boat to reach the buoy?
b. What is the velocity of the boat when it reaches the buoy?

27
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

28
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 : At Home
1. A car driver, travelling in his car at a constant velocity of 8 m s-1,
sees a dog walking across the road 30 m ahead. The driver’s reaction
time is 0.2 s, and the brakes are capable of producing a deceleration of
1.2 m s-2. Calculate the distance from where the car stops to where the
dog is crossing, assuming the driver reacts and brakes as quickly as
possible.

2. A bus travelling steadily at 30 m s1 along a straight road passes a

stationary car which, 5 s later, begins to move with a uniform
acceleration of 2 m s2 in the same direction as the bus. Determine
a. the time taken for the car to acquire the same velocity as the bus,
b. the distance travelled by the car when it is level with the bus.

29
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 :

1. ANS. : 1.73 m

2. Ans : t = 39.4 s, S = 1183m

30
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Freely falling bodies
  as the vertical motion of a body at constant acceleration,
g under gravitational field without air resistance.

 In earth’s gravitational field, the constant acceleration

 known as acceleration due to gravity or free-fall
acceleration or gravitational acceleration.
 value is g = 9.81 m s2
 direction is towards the centre of the earth (downward).

 Note:
 Solving any problem involves freely falling bodies or free fall
motion, the assumption made is ignore the air resistance.

31
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 Sign convention: +
From the sign convention
thus,
- +
a   g

32
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 Sign convention: +
From the sign convention
thus,
- +
a   g

Linear motion Freely falling bodies

v  u  a t v  u  gt
2 2
v  u  2as v2  u2  2gs
1 2 1 2
s  ut  at s  ut  gt
2 2
33
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 Example of freely falling body is the motion of a ball thrown
vertically upwards with initial velocity, u as shown.
velocity = 0

u
v
 Assuming air resistance is negligible, the acceleration of the ball, a
= g when the ball moves upward and its velocity decreases to
zero when the ball reaches the maximum height, H.

34
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 7 :
A ball is thrown from the top of a building is given an initial velocity of 10.0
m s1 straight upward. The building is 30.0 m high and the ball just misses
the edge of the roof on its way down, as shown. Calculate
a. the maximum height of the stone from point A. B
b. the time taken from point A to C.
c. the time taken from point A to D.
d. the velocity of the ball when it reaches point D.
u =10.0 m s1
A C
(Given g = 9.81 m s2)

30.0 m

35
D
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
a. maximum height of the stone from point A.
B

u
A C

30.0 m

36
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
b. the time taken from point A to C.
B

u
A C

30.0 m

37
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :

B c. From point A to D, the vertical displacement, sy= 30.0 m thus

1 2
s y  u yt  gt
2
u
A C

30.0 m

38
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
d. the velocity of the ball when it reaches point D.
B
vy  uy  gt
u
A C

30.0 m

39
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 8 :
A book is dropped 150 m from the ground. Determine
a. the time taken for the book reaches the ground.
b. the velocity of the book when it reaches the ground.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)
Solution :
a)

150 m

40
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 8 :
A book is dropped 150 m from the ground. Determine
a. the time taken for the book reaches the ground.
b. the velocity of the book when it reaches the ground.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)
Solution :
b)

150 m

41
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

42
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

43
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 5 : At Home
1. A ball is thrown directly downward, with an initial speed of 8.00 m
s1, from a height of 30.0 m. Calculate
a. the time taken for the ball to strike the ground,
b. the ball’s speed when it reaches the ground.

44
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 5 : At Home
2. A falling stone takes 0.30 s to travel past a window 2.2 m tall as shown.

to travel this
2.2 m
distance took
0.30 s

From what height above the top of the windows did the stone fall?

45
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 5 : At Home

1. ANS. : 1.79 s; 25.6 m s1

2. ANS. : 1.75 m

46
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Projectile motion

ux  u cosθ
uy  u s in θ
ax 0
ay  g

47
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Projectile motion
 A projectile motion consists of two components:
 vertical component (y-comp.)

 motion under constant acceleration, ay= g

 horizontal component (x-comp.)
 motion with constant velocity thus ax= 0
 The path followed by a projectile is called trajectory is shown
y

B
v1y v1 v
P 1
Q v
v1x 2x
sy=H v2y 2
u v2
uy
A  C
x
ux t1 sx= R t2 48
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
Figure shows a ball thrown by
superman with an initial speed,
u = 200 m s-1 and makes an
angle,  = 60.0 to the
horizontal. Determine;

a. the position of the ball, and the magnitude and direction of its velocity, when t
= 2.0 s.
b. the time taken for the ball reaches the maximum height, H and calculate the value of H.
c. the horizontal range, R
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

49
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

a. the position of the ball, and the

magnitude and direction of its
velocity, when t = 2.0 s.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

50
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

a. the position of the ball, and the

magnitude and direction of its
velocity, when t = 2.0 s.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

51
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

52
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

b. the time taken for the ball reaches

the maximum height, H and
calculate the value of H.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

53
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

c. the horizontal range, R

(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

54
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Horizontal projectile
 Figure shows a ball bearing rolling off the end of a table with an
initial velocity, u in the horizontal direction.
u u

vx
vy v
h

A x B

55
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Horizontal projectile
 Figure shows a ball bearing rolling off the end of a table with an
initial velocity, u in the horizontal direction.
u u

vx
vy v
h

A x B

 Horizontal component along path AB.

v e lo c it y , u x  u  v x  c o n s t a n t
d is p la c e m e n t , s x  x
 Vertical component along path AB.
in it ia l v e lo c it y , u y  0
d is p la c e m e n t, s y   h 56
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 10 :
A transport plane travelling at a constant velocity of 50 m s1 at an altitude
of 300 m releases a parcel when directly above a point X on level ground.
Calculate
a. the flight time of the parcel,
b. the velocity of impact of the parcel,
c. the distance from X to the point of impact.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)
Solution :
u  50 m s 1

300 m

X 57
d
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :

a. Thus the flight time of the parcel is u  50 m s 1

300
m
X
d

58
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
b. The velocity impact of the parcel :
u  50 m s 1

300
m
X
d

59
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
c. the distance from X to the point
u  50 m s 1
of impact.
:

300
m
X
d

60
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 : At Home
Use gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s2
1. A basketball player who is 2.00 m tall is standing on the floor 10.0 m
from the basket. If he shoots the ball at a 40.0 angle above the
horizontal, at what initial speed must he throw so that it goes through
the hoop without striking the backboard? The basket height is 3.05
m.

61
ANS. : 10.7 m s 1
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 :
2. An apple is thrown at an angle of 30 above the horizontal from the top
of a building 20 m high. Its initial speed is 40 m s1. Calculate
a. the time taken for the apple to strikes the ground,
b. the distance from the foot of the building will it strikes the
ground,
c. the maximum height reached by the apple from the ground.
ANS. : 4.90 s; 170 m; 40.4 m

3. A stone is thrown from the top of one building toward a tall building 50
m away. The initial velocity of the ball is 20 m s1 at 40 above the
horizontal. How far above or below its original level will the stone strike
the opposite wall?
ANS. : 10.3 m below the original level.

62
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

THE END…
Next Chapter…
CHAPTER 4 :
NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION AND
ITS APPICATIONS

63
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution to Example 2:
a.0 to 6 s : The train moves at a constant velocity of
6 to 10 s : The train stops.
10 to 14 s : The train moves in the same direction at a
constant velocity of
b.
v (cm s1)

1.50

0.68

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 t (s)
64
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution : s2  s1
c. vav 
t 2  t1

d. v  average velocity from 10 s to 14 s

s2  s1
v
t 2  t1

e. The distance travelled by the toy train is 10 cm. 65

PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 : Solution
A bus travelling steadily at 30 m s1 along a straight road passes a
stationary car which, 5 s later, begins to move with a uniform
acceleration of 2 m s2 in the same direction as the bus. Determine
a. the time taken for the car to acquire the same velocity as the
bus,
b. the distance travelled by the car when it is level with the bus.
Solution : vb  30 m s 1  constant ; uc  0; ac  2 ms 2

a. Given vc  vb  30 m s 1
Use vc  u c  a c t c

66
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
b.

vb  30 m s 1 vb vb
b b b
a c  2 m s 2
c uc  0 c
tb  0 s tb  5 s tb  t
s c  sb
From the diagram,
tb  t ; t c  t  5 Therefore
s c  sb sc  vb t
1 2
uc tc  ac tc  vbtb
2

67
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 :
2. An unmarked police car travelling a constant 95 km h-1 is passed by a
speeder traveling 140 km h-1. Precisely 1.00 s after the speeder passes,
the policemen steps on the accelerator; if the police car’s acceleration is
2.00 m s-2, how much time passes before the police car overtakes the
speeder (assumed moving at constant speed)?

68
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 :
3. A car traveling 90 km h-1 is 100 m behind a truck traveling 75 km h-1.
Assuming both vehicles moving at constant velocity, calculate the
time taken for the car to reach the truck.
No. 15, pg. 39,Physics for scientists and engineers with modern
physics, Douglas C. Giancoli,3rd edition.

69
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 4 :

2. No. 44, pg. 41,Physics for scientists and engineers with modern
physics, Douglas C. Giancoli,3rd edition.
ANS. : 14.4 s

3. No. 15, pg. 39,Physics for scientists and engineers with modern
physics, Douglas C. Giancoli,3rd edition.
ANS. : 24 s

70
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 3 :
A velocity-time (v-t) graph shows the motion of a lift.
a. Describe qualitatively the motion of the lift.
b. Sketch a graph of acceleration (m s 2) against time (s).
c. Determine the total distance travelled by the lift and its
displacement.
d. Calculate the average acceleration between 20 s to 40 s.

a). Students to solve

71
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 3 :
A velocity-time (v-t) graph shows the motion of a lift.
a. Describe qualitatively the motion of the lift.
b. Sketch a graph of acceleration (m s 2) against time (s).
c. Determine the total distance travelled by the lift and its
displacement.
d. Calculate the average acceleration between 20 s to 40 s.

b).

72
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :

a. 0 to 5 s : Lift moves upward from rest with a constant acceleration of

5 to 15 s : The velocity of the lift increases from 2 m s1 to 4 m s1 but
the acceleration decreasing to _____
15 to 20 s : Lift moving with constant velocity of _____
20 to 25 s : Lift decelerates at a constant rate of _____
25 to 30 s : Lift at rest or stationary.
30 to 35 s : Lift moves downward with a constant acceleration of ____
35 to 40 s : Lift moving downward with constant velocity of _____
40 to 50 s : Lift decelerates at a constant rate of and comes to rest.

73
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
b. a (m s )
2

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 t (s)
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8

74
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
c. i. v (m s 1
)

4
2
A2 A3
A1
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 A35 40 45 50 t (s)
-2 4
A5
-4

Total distance  area under the graph of v-t

 A1  A 2  A 3  A 4  A 5

75
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Solution :
c. ii. Displacement  area under the graph of v-t
 A1  A 2  A 3  A 4  A 5

v2  v1
d. aav 
t 2  t1

76
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Exercise 1 : At Home
1. Figure shows a velocity versus time graph for an object constrained to
move along a line. The positive direction is to the right.

a. Describe the motion of the object in 10 s.

b. Sketch a graph of acceleration (m s-2) against time (s) for
the whole journey.
c. Calculate the displacement of the object in 10 s.
77
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A bus travelling steadily at 30 m s1 along a straight road passes a stationary
car which, 5 s later, begins to move with a uniform acceleration of 2 m s2 in
the same direction as the bus. Determine
a. the time taken for the car to acquire the same velocity as the
bus,
b. the distance travelled by the car when it is level with the bus.
Solution :

78
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 2 :
A bus travelling steadily at 30 m s1 along a straight road passes a stationary car which, 5 s
later, begins to move with a uniform acceleration of 2 m s 2 in the same direction as the bus.
Determine
a. the time taken for the car to acquire the same velocity as the
bus,
b. the distance travelled by the car when it is level with the bus.
Solution :

79
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

80
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 From Figure,
 The x-component of velocity along AC (horizontal) at any point
is constant,

u x  u cos θ

81
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 From Figure,
 The y-component (vertical) of velocity varies from one point to
another point along AC.
but the y-component of the initial velocity is given by

u y  u s in θ

82
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 Table shows the x and y-components, magnitude and
direction of velocities at points P and Q.

83
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Maximum height, H

v x  v  u x  u cos θ
vy  0
sy  H
2 2
v  u  2 gsy
y y

0  u s in  
2
 2gH
2 2
u sin 
H
2g
84
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Time taken to reach maximum height, t’
 At maximum height, H
 Time, t = t’ and vy= 0

 Use vy  u y  gt
u sin 
0  u s in    g  t ' t ' 
g
Flight time, t (from point A to point C)
 t  2  t'
2u sin θ
t 
g

85
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Horizontal range, R and value of R maximum
 Since the x-component for velocity along AC is constant hence
u x  vx  u cos
 From the displacement formula with uniform velocity, thus the
x-component of displacement along AC is
s x  u x t and s x  R
R  u c o s   t 
 2 u sin  
R  u cos   
 g 
u2
R 2 sin  cos  
g

86
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 From the trigonometry identity,
2
u s in 2   2 s in  c o s 
R 2 sin  cos  
g
2
thus u
R sin 2
g
 The value of R maximum when  = 45 and sin 2 = 1
therefore

u2
R max 
g
87
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Displacement,
Example 1 :
An object P moves 30 m to the east after that 15 m to the south
and finally moves 40 m to west. Determine the displacement of P
relative to the original position.

Solution :
N

W O 30 m
E

15 m

P 10 m 30 m

88
S
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Time taken for the ball to reach the floor (point B), t
 By using the equation of freely falling bodies,
1 2
s y  u yt  gt
2
1 2
 h  0  gt
2
2h
t
g

Horizontal displacement, x
 Use condition below :

The time taken for the The time taken for the
ball free fall to point A
= ball to reach point B

89
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
 Since the x-component of velocity along AB is constant, thus
the horizontal displacement, x

s x  u xt and sx  x

 2h 
x  u 
 g 
 

 Note :
 In solving any calculation problem about projectile motion,
the air resistance is negligible.
negligible

90
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Velocity, (vector quantity)
 S.I. unit for velocity is m s-1.
Average velocity, vav
  the rate of change of displacement.
 Equation:
change of displaceme nt
vav 
time interval

s2  s1 Δs
vav  vav 
t 2  t1
Δt
 Direction is in the same direction of the change in
displacement.
91
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3

Instantaneous velocity, v

  the velocity at particular instant or time.

ds
v
dt

 An object moves in a uniform velocity when

ds
 constant
dt
and the instantaneous velocity equals to the average velocity at
any time. 92
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Acceleration, (vector quantity)

 S.I. unit for acceleration is m s-2.

Average acceleration, aav  the rate of change of velocity.

change of velocity v2  v1
aav  aav 
time interval t 2  t1
Δv
aav 
Δt
 Direction is the same direction of motion.
 Acceleration of an object is uniform when the magnitude of velocity
changes at a constant rate and along fixed direction.
93
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Instantaneous acceleration, a
  the instantaneous rate of change of velocity.

 Equation:

2
dv d s
a  2
dt dt

 An object moves in a uniform acceleration when

dv
 constant
dt
and the instantaneous acceleration equals to the average
acceleration at any time.
94
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

d. the magnitude and direction of its

velocity when the ball reaches the
ground (point P).
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

95
PHYSICS CHAPTER 3
Example 9 :
u = 200 m s-1 ,  = 60.0

e. the position of the ball, and the

magnitude and direction of its
velocity at point Q if the ball was hit
from a flat-topped hill with the time
at point Q is 45.0 s.
(Given g = 9.81 m s-2)

96