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    Energetics

    Uploaded by

    Olivier WSH
    This document discusses energy and chemical reactions by defining key concepts related to heat and temperature. It explains that heat is transferred from hotter to colder objects, and temperature measures how hot or cold something is. The amount of heat an object contains depends on its mass, temperature, and ability to absorb heat. The calorie and joule are units of heat, with 1 calorie equaling 4.184 joules. Calorimetry measures heat changes in chemical reactions based on mass, temperature change, and heat capacity. Specific heat is the heat required to change an object's temperature and can vary between materials. Examples show how to calculate heat transfer and changes using the heat equation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Energetics

    Uploaded by

    Olivier WSH
    16 views12 pages
    This document discusses energy and chemical reactions by defining key concepts related to heat and temperature. It explains that heat is transferred from hotter to colder objects, and temperature measures how hot or cold something is. The amount of heat an object contains depends on its mass, temperature, and ability to absorb heat. The calorie and joule are units of heat, with 1 calorie equaling 4.184 joules. Calorimetry measures heat changes in chemical reactions based on mass, temperature change, and heat capacity. Specific heat is the heat required to change an object's temperature and can vary between materials. Examples show how to calculate heat transfer and changes using the heat equation.

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    This document discusses energy and chemical reactions by defining key concepts related to heat and temperature. It explains that heat is transferred from hotter to colder objects, and temperature measures how hot or cold something is. The amount of heat an object contains depends on its mass, temperature, and ability to absorb heat. The calorie and joule are units of heat, with 1 calorie equaling 4.184 joules. Calorimetry measures heat changes in chemical reactions based on mass, temperature change, and heat capacity. Specific heat is the heat required to change an object's temperature and can vary between materials. Examples show how to calculate heat transfer and changes using the heat equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views12 pages

    Energetics

    Uploaded by

    Olivier WSH
    This document discusses energy and chemical reactions by defining key concepts related to heat and temperature. It explains that heat is transferred from hotter to colder objects, and temperature measures how hot or cold something is. The amount of heat an object contains depends on its mass, temperature, and ability to absorb heat. The calorie and joule are units of heat, with 1 calorie equaling 4.184 joules. Calorimetry measures heat changes in chemical reactions based on mass, temperature change, and heat capacity. Specific heat is the heat required to change an object's temperature and can vary between materials. Examples show how to calculate heat transfer and changes using the heat equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Energy and Chemical Reactions

    1
    Learning objectives

    • To be to quantify the heat produced or absorbed during a reaction.


    Heat and Temperature

    • Heat is energy that is transferred from one object


    to another due to a difference in temperature
    • Temperature is a measure of how cold or hot a
    body is
    • Heat is always transferred from objects at a higher
    temperature to those at a lower temperature

    3
    Factors Affecting Heat Quantities
    • The amount of heat contained by an object depends
    primarily on three factors:
    • The mass of material
    • The temperature
    • The kind of material and its ability to absorb or retain heat.

    4
    Heat Quantities

    • The heat required to raise the temperature of 1.00 g of water


    1 oC is known as a calorie
    • The SI unit for heat is the joule. It is based on the mechanical
    energy requirements.
    Where have you heard the word
    • 1.00 calorie = 4.184 Joules

    CALORIE?

    5
    Calorie = energy

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEckkY2ogGs
    • Storage of energy in human =
    Calorimetry

    • Calorimetry involves the measurement of heat


    changes that occur in chemical processes or
    reactions.
    • The heat change that occurs when a substance
    absorbs or releases energy is really a function of
    three quantities:
    • The mass
    • The temperature change
    • The heat capacity of the material

    7
    Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
    • The ability of a substance to absorb or retain heat varies
    widely.
    • The heat capacity depends on the nature of the material.
    • The specific heat of a material is the amount of heat
    required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance
    1 oC (or Kelvin)

    8
    Specific Heat values for Some
    Common Substances
    Substance CJ g
    -1
    K-1 C J mol-1
    K-1

    Water (liquid) 4.184 75.327

    Water (steam) 2.080 37.47

    Water (ice) 2.050 38.09


    Copper 0.385 24.47
    Aluminum 0.897 24.2
    Ethanol 2.44 112
    Lead 0.127 26.4
    9
    Heat Changes
    The heat equation may be stated as

    Q = m C T
    where:
    Q = Change in heat
    m = mass in grams
    C = specific heat in J g-1 oC-1
    T = Temperature change

    10
    Heat Transfer Problem 1
    Calculate the heat that would be required an aluminum
    cooking pan whose mass is 400 grams, from 20oC to 200oC. The
    specific heat of aluminum is 0.902 J g-1 oC-1.

    Solution
    Q = mCT
    = (400 g) (0.902 J g-1 oC-1)(200oC – 20oC)
    = 64,944 J

    11
    Heat Transfer Problem 2
    What is the final temperature when 50 grams of water at
    20oC is added to 80 grams water at 60oC? Assume that the
    loss of heat to the surroundings is negligible. The specific
    heat of water is 4.184 J/ g /oC
    Solution: Q (Cold) = Q (hot) mCT= mCT
    Let T = final temperature
    (50 g) (4.184 J g-1 oC-1)(T- 20oC)
    = (80 g) (4.184 J g-1 oC-1)(60oC- T)
    (50 g)(T- 20oC) = (80 g)(60oC- T)
    50T -1000 = 4800 – 80T
    130T =5800
    T = 44.6 oC
    12

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