Lecture 3

Objectives:

1.Say where places are / describe countries.

2.Talk about people’s lives and achievements.
3.Compare between the use of gerunds and infinitives.
4.Listen for details.
Do you know where these countries are
located? Oceans, continents, location expressions?
1. The Vatican City
Can you match the countries with these
2. Monaco
descriptions?
3. Nauru
a. It is in Rome, in Italy.
4. Tuvalu
b. It is in the east of Italy.
5. San Marino
c. It’s an island in the South Pacific.
6. Liechtenstein
d. It’s a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
7. The Marshall Islands
e. It’s an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis
f. They are in the Indian Ocean, south west of Sri
9. The Maldives
Lanka.
10.Malta
a1 g. It is in the Mediterranean Sea, to the south of
b5 Sicily.
c3 h. It is between Austria and Switzerland.
d 4, 7
e8 i. It is in the south of Europe, on the
f9 Mediterranean coast, and it borders France.
g 10
h6
Egypt
North Mediterranean
Sea
South Soudan
West Libya
East Red Sea

Ex: Libya borders Egypt, to

the west of Egypt.
 Read and find answers for the following:
1. Where is it? How big is it?
2. How many people live there?
3. What jobs do people do?
4. Does it get many visitors?
5. What languages do people use?
6. How does it make money?

The Vatican City

The smallest independent country in the world, the Vatican City covers an area the size of a golf course in Rome, the capital of
Italy. It was founded in 1929 and is ruled by just one man, the Pop, who is also the head of the Catholic Church. Its buildings –
such as St Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel – are home to some of the world’s most famous art, including works by
Botticelli, Raphael and Michelangelo.
The Vatican has its own bank, army, police force, fire brigade, post office, satellite TV channel, radio station and Internet
domain (.va). The Vatican army, called the Swiss Guard, is the smallest in the world. It has about 100 soldiers, all unmarried
and all from Switzerland. The Vatican postal service has an excellent reputation: an international letter posted in the Vatican
will arrive faster than one dropped just a few hundred metres away from Italy.
Millions of people visit the Vatican every year, but the Vatican has a population of only about 800 people. The Vatican has no
official language. The Swiss Guard use German, but most people use Italian and Latin. In fact, the Vatican’s bank machines are
the only ones in the world that give instructions in Latin.
The country’s economy is unique. It receives most of its money from Catholics around the world and from tourism. It also
makes money from a petrol station where Italians can buy fuel 30 percent more cheaply than in Italy- because the Vatican has
no taxes!
6. In the past, Britain governed it until it had its
dependence in 1978.
7. It became a member of the UN and they agreed on
having elections every four years.
 What can you remember about the Vatican and Tuvalu? Complete the sentences with the following:
1978 800 art collection Britain four year Funafuti
tourism Tuvaluan and English the UN

1. The capital is ____

2. The population is about____
3. The official languages are ____
4. It’s a member of ____
5. It has elections every____
6. It makes money from ____
7. It is famous for its____
8. In the past, it was governed by ____
9. It became independent in ____

4. the UN: Tuvalu

5. four years: Tuvalu
1. Funafuti: Tuvalu 6. tourism: Vatican
2. 800: Vatican 7. art collection: Vatican
3. Tuvaluan and English: Tuvalu 8. Britain: Tuvalu
9. 1978: Tuvalu
Sumo wrestler
sumo a Japanese sports
where two people try to
push each other out of the
circle
 1g
2e
1. He was born a. study hotel management 3a
2. He won b. sumo from watching it on TV. 4b
3. He wanted to c. in 2001.
4. He became interested in d. become a yokozuna in 1500 5h
5.
6.
He flew to Japan to join
Akebono defeated e.
years.
a basketball scholarship.
6f
7. He was the first f. Konishiki 7d
foreigner to g. in Hawaii
8. He retired h. Azumazeki’s stable. 8c

In pairs, think about someone to talk about his life & achievements
1. For foreigners, it was very difficult to become/ becoming a 1 to become
yokozuna.
2 playing
2. As a young man, he enjoyed to play/ playing basketball.
3. He also wanted to study/ studying hotel management. 3 to study
4. He became interested in sumo from to watch/ watching it in 4 watching
television.
1 to start
2 speaking (or learning)
3 to learn (or to speak)
4 to retire (or to move)
5 moving
1. You probably know it was a. an ordinary worker
2. I know that he worked b. the capital of Poland
3. I don’t know much about its c. he did before that.
4. I don’t know what d. the population is less than a
5. Do you know anything about million
6. I don’t really know for sure, but e. his life?
I think f. history.
7. As far as I know, he was g. in Gdansk
1. He wanted to change the country.
2. Is it possible to see you on the 19th?
3. Can you recommend some things to see?
4. There are often longue queues, so the best time to go is early evening.
5. We’re planning to have a sauna. Are you interested in using a sauna?
6. Having a great time her in Scotland. Hope to see you soon.
 Gerund
V+ ing gerund
1. Either after a verb that required v+ing (e.g., like, enjoy, love…etc.)

I like reading in the morning.

I love shopping.

2. Or after a preposition other than (to) (e.g., in, by, from …etc.)
I am interested in buying new things.
I got tired from walking that long.

3. Or after looking forward to

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Infinitive to + inf.

I want to travel.
I am planning to see you tomorrow.
1. Do you like listening music when you’re working or
studying?
2. Do you ever read stories friends or people in your
family?
3. Have you ever sent a text message the wrong person?
4. Do you always reply emails on the same day?
5. When was the last time you wrote a letter someone?
6. How often do you give presents people?
 Assignment for next time

Choose a country and describe its location and what its people learn, plan, do,
enjoy, want in these countries. (e.g., San Marino, Maldives, Saint Kitts and
Nevis…etc.)
 Make sure you follow the correct use of gerund and infinitives.
Questions
Time