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    Prepared By: Ryan S. Cutamora Teacher III Carmona Senior High School

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    Ryan S. Cutamora
    This document discusses lipids and their properties. It defines lipids as hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water due to their non-polar bonds. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Phospholipids form biological membranes and are made of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates when broken down.

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    Prepared By: Ryan S. Cutamora Teacher III Carmona Senior High School

    Uploaded by

    Ryan S. Cutamora
    51 views9 pages
    This document discusses lipids and their properties. It defines lipids as hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water due to their non-polar bonds. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Phospholipids form biological membranes and are made of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates when broken down.

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    This document discusses lipids and their properties. It defines lipids as hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water due to their non-polar bonds. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Phospholipids form biological membranes and are made of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates when broken down.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views9 pages

    Prepared By: Ryan S. Cutamora Teacher III Carmona Senior High School

    Uploaded by

    Ryan S. Cutamora
    This document discusses lipids and their properties. It defines lipids as hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water due to their non-polar bonds. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Phospholipids form biological membranes and are made of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates when broken down.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    LIPIDS:

    HYDROPHOBIC
    MOLECULES
    Prepared by:

    RYAN S. CUTAMORA
    Teacher III
    Carmona Senior High School
    Introduction
    • Lipids are a somewhat loosely defined group of
    molecules with one main chemical characteristic: they are
    insoluble in water.
    • They have a very high proportion of non-polar C-H
    bonds, and so-long lipids cannot fold up like protein to
    confine their non-polar portions away from the
    surrounding aqueous environment.
    Fats Consist of Complex Polymers of Fatty Acids Attached to Glycerol

    • Lipids are built from a simple skeleton made up f two main


    kinds of molecules; fatty acids and glycerol.
    • Fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbons with a (COOH) at
    one end while glycerol is a 3-C polyalcohol.
    • Triglyceride is consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids. If all
    of the internal C-atoms in the fatty acid chains are bonded
    to at least 2 H-atoms, the fatty acid is said to be saturated
    while a fatty acid that has double bonds between one or
    more pairs of successive C-atoms is called unsaturated.
    Fats Consist of Complex Polymers of Fatty Acids Attached to Glycerol

    • When fats are partially hydrogenated industrially, this can


    produced double bonds with trans configuration where C
    chain is on opposite sides before and after the double
    bonds.
    • Trans fats have been linked to elevated level of LDL and
    HDL.
    • Having double bonds changes the behavior of the
    molecule because free rotation cannot occur about a
    C=C as it can with C-C. This affect melting point.
    Fats Consist of Complex Polymers of Fatty Acids Attached to Glycerol

    • Terpenes are long-chain lipids that are components of


    many biologically important pigments such as
    chlorophyll and the visual pigment.
    • Steroids are composed of four C-rings. Most animal cell
    membranes contain the steroid cholesterol.
    • Prostaglandins are group of about 20 lipids that are
    modified fatty acids with 2 nonpolar “tails” attached to a
    5-C ring. It acts as local chemical messenger in many
    vertebrate tissues.
    Fats are Excellent Energy-Storage Molecules
    • Most fats contain over 40 C-atoms. The ratio of energy
    storing C-H bonds in fats is more than twice that of
    carbohydrates.
    • Fats yield about 9 kcal of chemical energy per gram as
    compared of 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates.
    • Most fats are saturated except for fish where most plants are
    unsaturated except for coconut and palm.
    • An oil may be converted into solid fat by chemically adding
    H.
    • Diet heavy in fats associated antherosclerosis.
    Phospholipids form membranes
    • Complex lipid molecules called phospholipids are among
    the most important molecules of the cell because they
    form the core of all biological membranes.
    • They contain glycerol, fatty acids and a phosphate group.
    • They are also made by hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic
    head.
    Short Quiz:
    Instructions: TRUE or FALSE
    1. Lipids are soluble in water.

    2. All lipids have the unit of monomer forming polymer.

    3. Having double bonds does not affect melting point of a


    lipid.
    4. Rubber is not an example of terpene.

    5. Phospholipid is consists of glycerol and three fatty acids.


    Key to Correction
    1. False INDEX OF MASTERY
    RAWS SCORES G11 STEM-A G11 STEM-B G11 STEM-C
    2. True 45
    5 9 45 10 50 9
    3. False 4 19 76 14 56 17 68
    4. False 3 8 24 10 30 7 21
    2 2 4 2 4 3 6
    5. False 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Total 38 149 37 141 36 140
    Percentage 78.42% 76.22% 77.78%

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