METAL
REINFORCEME
GROUP 2
NT
CE 323 QUANTITY
SURVEYING
MEET THE
MEET THE TEAM
TEAM
Angel Jean Labadan Miguela Elleso Apreyl Lapesigue Cathy Mea Betonio
04 05
Exercises
Rhea Sumingit Kim Whalen Ann Razalo Trexy Joy Trasmonte
STEEL
REINFORCEME
NT
Apreyl Lapesigue
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Steel is the most widely used reinforcing material for
almost all types of concrete construction. It is an
excellent partner of concrete in resisting both tension and
compression stresses. Comparatively, steel is ten times
stronger than concrete in resisting compression load and
hundred times stronger in tensile stresses.
The design of concrete assumes that concrete and steel
reinforcement act together in resisting load and likewise
to be in the state of simultaneous deformation, otherwise,
the steel bars might slip from the concrete in the absence
of sufficient bond due to excessive load.
In order to provide a high degree of sufficient bond
between the two materials, steel reinforcing bars with a
surface de- formation in various design were introduced.
STANDARD WEIGHT OF
PLAIN OR DEFORMED
ROUND STEEL BARS
DERORMATION
REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
IDENTIFICATI
ON OF STEEL
BARS
Apreyl Lapesigue
IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL
BARS
Steel reinforcing bars are
provided with distinctive
markings which identify the
name of the manufacturer
with it’s initial and the bar size
number including the type of
steel bars such as:
BAR SPLICE,
HOOK AND BEND
Rhea Sumingit
BAR SPLICE, HOOK AND
BEND
In estimating the quantity of the steal reinforcing bars, one has to consider the additional
length for the hook, the bend and the splice whose length varies depending upon the
limitation as provide by the National Building Code.
ILLUSTRATION 3-1
Determine the length of the splice for a 16 mm. tensile reinforcement of a beam.
Solution
1. Classification of the reinforcement is under tension
2. Multiply: 25 × 16 mm + 150 mm = 550 mm
Estimating the quantity of the steel reinforcement, refers to the commercial length of the
commercial length of steel bars to be ordered as a summary of all the cut bars intended for
the different member of the structures. Under such condition the following problems has
anticipated.
1. For main reinforcement of posts, columns, beams, girders and the like, is
determined by the “Direct Counting Method” where the additional length for
hook, bend or lapping joints are often overlooked.
2. For other structural member such as lateral ties, stirrups, spirals, dowels, cut
bars and the like should be treated separately and carefully determine the
length of their cuts including the allowances for hook and bend.
3. After knowing the length of the lateral ties, stirrups, etc. the next problem is
how too select the steel bars to be ordered from the various commercial
length of 5.00 meters to 13.50 meters avoiding extra cuts which might be
classified as junk unless they could be of service or used on other structural
members.
4. Tie wire for reinforcement joints
is a big item of a large
construction work considering
its cost. The cutting length of
each wire should be to the
minimum required based from
the diameter of the bars to be
tied.
CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCKS
REINFORCMENT
Rhea Sumingit
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
REINFORCMENT
The size and spacing of the CHB reinforcement depends upon the plan and specifications
which is the basis of the estimate. The number of the steel bars required could be
determined in three ways:
1. By the direct Counting Method
2. By the Unit CHB Method
3. By the Area Method
The Direct Counting Method could be done by counting directly the number of vertical and
horizontal bars plus the lapping, hook and bend from a detailed plan. But, how many plans
have presented a detailed drawing for the steel reinforcement?
The Area and unit CHB Method – This is the simplest method of computing the steel
reinforcement for CHB with the aid of Table 3-4 wherein the values presented includes the
allowances for splice and bend.
ILLUSTRATION 3-2
From Figure 3-6 determine the number of 10 cm. CHB, and the vertical reinforcing bars
spaced at 80 cm. on center including the horizontal bars at every after three layers.
1st Solution
1. Solve for the area of the fence
A = length × height
A = 4.00 × 3.00
A = 12 sq. m.
2. Vertical reinforcement at 80 cm. o.c.
Referring to Table 3-4 by the square
meter or area method.
Multiply:
12 × 1.60 = 19.2 meters
Convert this value to the commercial length of
steel bars ranging from 5.00 to 13.50 meters.
Select the most economical length avoiding
extra cut.
Select: 4 pcs. 10 mm. × 5.00 m. long
3. Horizontal bars at every after 3 layers
From Table 3-4, multiply:
12 × 2.15 = 25.80
Select: 4 pcs @ 5.00 m. and 1 - @ 6.00 m. long
4. Order: 8 pcs. 10 mm × 5.00 m. Steel bars
1 – 10 mm × 6.00 m. Steel bars
2nd Solution
1. Solve for the area of the fence
A = length × height
A = 4.00 × 3.00
A = 12 sq. m.
2. Determine the number of CHB
12 × 12.5 = 150 pcs.
3. Referring to Table 3-4
a) Vertical Reinforcement per Block @ 80 .
o.c.
Multiply:
150 × 0.128 = 19.2 meters
Select: 4 pcs 10 mm × 5.00 m. long
b) Horizontal bars at every after 3 layers
Referring to Table 3-4, multiply
150 × 0.172 = 25.8
c) Convert to commercial length
Select: 4 pcs 10.00 m. × 5.00 and
1 - @ 6.00 m. long
4. Order: 8 pcs. 10 mm × 5.00 m. Steel bars
1 – 10 mm × 6.00 m. Steel bars
THE WIRE FOR STEEL
REINFORCEMENT
Trexy Joy Trasmonte
THE WIRE FOR STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Tie wire is one item of the construction
which is always included in the bill of
materials without the support of
computations, its quantity is mostly
determined by the estimator through mere
calculations which is somewhat alright for a
small work but not for a large construction
involving multiple floors.
CHB Reinforcement Tie Wire – the common
size of steel reinforcement for concrete
hollow blocks are either 10 mm, 12 mm or
13 mm depending upon the plan and
specifications. For those particular size of
reinforcement, a 25 cm. or 30 cm. long tie
wire folded at the center will be satisfactory.
ILLUSTRATION 3-3
Continuing the solution illustration 3-1 from the following data obtained.
Vertical Reinforcement spacing = 80 cm
Horizontal Reinforcement spacing every 3 layers
Area of the wall = 12 sq. m.
Solution
1. Determine the number of CHB
12 × 12.5 = 150 pcs.
2. Using a 25 cm. tie wire from Table 3-5
Multiply:
Tie Wire: 150 × 0.0016 =0.14 kilos
INDEPENDENT
FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Trexy Joy Trasmonte
INDEPENDENT FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
In estimating for the reinforcement of an independent or isolated footing, the following rules
has to be observed:
1. Know the actual dimension of the footing as to its length and width.
2. Remember that the minimum underground protective covering of concrete to the steel
reinforcement is 7.5 cm.
3. If the plan does not call for a hook or bend of the footing reinforcement, the length of the
bar is equal to the length or width of the footing minus the protective covering at both
ends.
4. If the plan calls for a hook or bend of the reinforcement the bar-cut should include the
allowance for hook and bend as presented in Figure 3-4 and 3-5.
5. Know the spacing distance of the steel bars both ways to determine the exact number
required, then as much as possible select the appropriate steel bar length avoiding
unwanted extra cuts.
ILLUSTRATION 3-4
From Figure 3-7, determine the number of 12 mm steel bars required if there are 6 footing
with a general dimension of 1.50 × 1.50 meters.
Solution
1. The net length of one bar is,
1.50 – (0.075 + 0.075) = 1.35 m.
2. Find the total number of cut bars in one footing by Direct Counting.
13 × 2 = 26 pcs.
3. Get the total number of bars for the 6 footings
26 × 6 = 156 pcs. @ 1.35 m. long
4. Select the steel bars whose length is economically cut into 1.35 m long
= 4.44 pcs
The fractional value of .44 is inevitable but should not be included in the computation
because it is less than one cut bar length, use the whole value of 4.0
5. Divide the result of step 3 by 4.0
= 39 pcs. of 12 mm × 6.00 m.
The common error committed in estimating the number of steel bars is presented below.
Using the same data
1. The net length of one bar is 1.35 m.
2. The total number of bars in one footing is
13 × 2 = 26 pcs.
3. The total number of bars for the 6 footings
26 × 6 = 156 pcs
4. The total length of the bars in meter
156 × 1.35 = 210.6 m
5. Converting this to steel bar length
= 35 pcs. steel bars
POST AND COLUMN
REINFORCEMENT
Angel Jean Labadan
OST AND COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
The reinforcement of posts and columns
to be considered in the estimates are:
1. The Main or Vertical Reinforcement
2. The Lateral Ties or
3. The Spiral Ties for Circular Column
The quantity and length of the main
reinforcement is determined by the
"Direct Counting Method" giving special
attention to the additional length for:
4. Lap-Joints of end splices
5. Allowance for bending and hook
6. Additional length for the beam
depth and floor thick- ness if the
height of the building plan indicates
from floor to floor.
BEAMS AND
GIRDERS
REINFORCEMENT
Angel Jean Labadan
BEAMS AND GIRDERS REINFORCEMENT
Method" is the best method in determining the main
reinforcement for beams and girders. Provided that in
the selection of the length of steel bars, the following
physical condition of the beam in relation with it s
support should be considered.“
1. Verify from the plan if the span of the column
where the beam is to rest measures from center to
center, outer to center or outer to outer side of the
column. This has to be considered in determining
the length of steel bars to be ordered.
2. Verify the position of the reinforcement splicing if it
is adjusted to the commercial length of steel bars.
"The lesser the splice the lesser the expense."
3. Identify the bars with bend and hook, for
adjustment of their length in ordering the steel bars.
LATERAL TIES
Kim Whalen Ann G. Razalo
LATERAL TIES
Tied column has reinforcement consisting of vertical bars held in a position by lateral
reinforcement called lateral ties.
The ACI Code so provides:
“All non-prestressed bars for tied column shall be enclosed by lateral ties of at
least No. 3 in size for longitudinal bars No. 10 or smaller and at least No. 4 in size for No.
11 to 18 and bundled longitudinal bars.”
The spacing of the ties shall not exceed:
1. 16 × the longitudinal bar diameter
2. 48 lateral tie bar diameter or
3. The least dimension of the column
ILLUSTRATION 3-6
Determine the spacing of the lateral ties for a tied column as shown in Figure 3-11.
Solution
1. Diameter of the main longitudinal bar = 20
mm
2. Diameter of the lateral ties = 10 mm
3. Multiply:
16 × 20 = 320 mm
48 × 10 = 480 mm
Shortest side of the column = 300 mm.
4. Adopt 300 mm or 30 cm. spacing
ILLUSTRATION 3-7
A building has a series of 26 squares columns having a cross sectional dimension of 30 ×
30 cm with 8 pieces 20 mm vertical reinforcing bars for each column. Make an order of 10
mm steel bars required for making the lateral ties.
Solution
1. Diameter the spacing of the lateral ties.
16 × 20 = 320 mm or 32 cm
48 × 10 = 480 mm or 48 cm
Shortest side of the column = 300 mm or 30 cm
2. Adopt the 30 cm. spacing
3. Determine the number of lateral ties in one column
= 23.3 pcs
4. The 23 pcs. is the distance between the lateral
ties, what we need is the number of ties in
one column, so, we add one to be exact.
23 + 1 = 24 pcs
5. Solve for the total ties of the 26 columns.
26 × 24 = 624 pcs
6. Find the length of one lateral tie.
By Inspection = 1.20 m. long
7. Determine the number of 1.20 m cut from a 6.00
m steel bar
= 5 pcs
8. Divide the result of 5 by result of 7
= 124.8 say 125 pcs
9. Order: 125 pcs of 10 mm × 6.00 m steel bars
STIRRUPS FOR
BEAMS AND
GIRDERS
Kim Whalen Ann G. Razalo
STIRRUPS FOR BEAMS AND GIRDERS
Stirrup is the structural reinforcing member that holds or binds together the main
reinforcement of a beam or girder to a designed position.
The two types of stirrups commonly used are:
ILLUSTRATION 3-11
A concrete beam, with a cross sectional dimension of 25 × 40 cm requires 10 mm open
stirrups spaced as shown in Figure 3-17. Prepare the order of 10 mm steel bars for stirrups
of 8 beams with the same category.
Solution
1. By directing counting there are 24 stirrups
at 98 cm say 1.00 long
2. Total number of stirrups
24 × 8 beams = 192 pcs.
3. Referring to Table 3-6 for a 1.00 , long stirrups
using a 5.00 m long steel bars.
Divide: 192/6 = 38.4 pcs 10 mm × 5.00 m
or using a 6.00 m long steel bars
192/6 = 32.0 pcs × 6.00 m
SPIRAL AND
COLUMN TIES
Cathy Mea Betonio
STIRRUPS FOR BEAMS AND GIRDERS
The spiral reinforcement consist of evenly spaced continuous spirals held firmly in place
by at least three vertical bar spacers. The center to center spacing between the spirals
should not exceed 6th part of the diameter core. The less than 5.00 cm or one and one half
times the biggest size of the coarse aggregate or gravel.
ILLUSTRATION 3-12
A spiral column with a cross sectional
diameter of 50 cm requires 10 mm
spiral reinforcement as shown in
Figure 3-18. If there are 14 columns at
7.00 meters high each, find the number
of 10 mm steel bars needed for a 5.00
cm pitch.
Solution
A. Spiral Reinforcement
1. Find the total length of the 14 columns
7 × 14 = 98 meters
2. From Table 3-7 for a 50cm column diameter
5.00 cm pitch
Multiply:
98 × 3.223 = 315.8 say 316 pcs
3. Adopt 300 mm or 30 cm. spacing
B. Tie Wire
1. Find the number of vertical bars per
column = 12
2. Referring to Table 3-7 for a 5 cm pitch
Multiply:
12 × 21 turns per meter = 252 ties
4. Total tie wire for 14 columns bar intersection
at 7.00 ht.
252 × 7.00 m × 14 = 24,696 pcs.
4. Total length of the wires at 30 m
long per tie wire 14 columns
24,696 × 0.30 = 7,409 m
5. Convert to kilogram at 53 m
long/kilo
Divide:
7409/53 = 139.8 say 140 kilos
6. Order: 140 kilos No. 16 G.I wire
ONE WAY
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
SLAB
Cathy Mae Betonio
ONE WAY REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB
ILLUSTRATION 3-12
From Figure 3-19. Determine the number of steel bars required including the tie wire.
Solution
1. Given Data
Spacing of Main Reinforcement = 150 mm
Temp. Bars Spacing = 250 mm
Size of the Reinforcement = 13 mm
Type of Reinforcement = One Way
2. Determine the number of Main Reinforcement
4.70/0.15 + 1= 32.33 pcs 5.00 steel bar
Note: In dividing the length by the spacing bars
what is found in the number spacing, add one (1)
to get number of bars.
3. Determine the length of the cut bars
alternate to main reinforcement
1.075 + 0.175 = 1.25 meters
4. Using a 5.00 m steel bars
5.00/1.25 = 4 pcs number of cut
steel bars
5. Divide: Step 2 by Step 4
32.33/ 4 = 8 pcs 5.00 m steel bar
6. Total Main Reinforcing Bars
3.33 + 8 = 40.33 pcs
7. Solve for the Temperature bars at 2.15 m
span
2.15/0.25 + 1 = 9.6 pcs
8. Temperature bars at 1.075 span
1.075/0.25 + 1 = 5.3
9. Multiply by 2 layers at 2 sides
5.3 × 4 = 21.2 pcs
10. Add results of 6 and 9
9.6+ 21.2 = 30.8 pcs
11. Summary total of 6 and 10
40.33 + 30.8 = 71.1 pcs 13 mm × 5.00 m
eel bar
2nd Solution: By the Area Method
1. Solve for the area of the floor
4.70 × 4.30 = 20.21 sq. m
2. Referring to Table 3-8 using 5.00 m bars @
150 mm spacing
Multiply:
20.21 × 3.524 = 71.2 pcs
Solving for Tie Wire @ 25 cm o.c
1. Referring to Table 3-8
Multiply:
20.21 × 0.163 = 3.29 kilos No.16 G.I
wire
TWO WAY REINFORCED
CONCRETE SLAB
Miguela Elleso
TWO WAY REINFORCED CONCRETE
SLAB
ILLUSTRATION 3-12
From Figure 3-20, determine the number of mm steel bar and tie wire required.
1. Given Data
Spacing of Main Reinforcement = 150 mm
Temp. Bars Spacing = 250 mm
Size of the Reinforcement = 13 mm
Type of Reinforcement = One Way
2. Determine the number of Main Reinforcement
4.70/0.15 + 1= 32.33 pcs 5.00 steel bar
Note: In dividing the length by the spacing bars
what is found in the number spacing, add one (1)
to get number of bars.
Solution
1. Solve for the main reinforcement
3.60/ 0.10 + 1= 37 pcs
2. There are two way - run
37 × 32 = 74 pcs steel bars
3. For cuts bars @1.87 long there are 4 pcs. cut
in one 7.50 steel bae
74/4 = 18.5 pcs steel bars
4. Temperature bars at 1.80 m span
1.80/0.25 + 1 = 8.2 pcs
5. Multiply by 4 sides at 2 layers
8.2 8 = 65.6 pcs
6. Summary total of step 2, 3 and 5
74 + 18.5 + 65.5 = 158
2 Solution by the Area Method
nd
6. Area of the floor slab = 52.84 sq. m
7. Referring to Table 3-9, for 7.50 m steel bars
@ 100 mm spacing
51.84 × 3.060 = 158 pcs
Solve for No. 16 G.I wire @ 0.30 m
1. Referring to Table 3-9
51.84 × 0.437 = 22.65 say 23 kilos
THANK YOU!
