The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive/volcanic or intrusive/plutonic. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of pre-existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. Key properties like texture, mineral composition, and formation processes are used to classify rocks into specific types.
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive/volcanic or intrusive/plutonic. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of pre-existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. Key properties like texture, mineral composition, and formation processes are used to classify rocks into specific types.
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive/volcanic or intrusive/plutonic. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of pre-existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. Key properties like texture, mineral composition, and formation processes are used to classify rocks into specific types.
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, and can be extrusive/volcanic or intrusive/plutonic. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of pre-existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. Key properties like texture, mineral composition, and formation processes are used to classify rocks into specific types.
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ROCKS
Earth is a solid rock
to a depth of 2,900 kilometers, where mantle meets the liquid outer core. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals. The aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by chemical bonds.
Petrology is the scientific study of
rocks. Petrologists classify rocks based on how they were formed. Geologists then group THREE TYPES OF ROCKS rocks into three categories based on IGNEOUS
how the rocks form:
Igneous, sedimentary and METAMORPHI SEDEMENTAR metamorphic rock. C Y IGNEOUS ROCK Igneous Rock formed from hardening and crystallization Two types of igneous rock: of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth.
EXTRUSIV E/ Intrusive/ VOLCANIC Plutonic ROCK EXTRUSIVE/VOLCANIC ROCK
- forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s
surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is fast. EXTRUSIV E/ VOLCANIC ROCK INTRUSIVE/PLUTONIC
- It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and
are created by magma. The intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse grained). INTRUSIV E/ PLUTONIC 1. COMPOSITION
FELSIC - light in color; feldspar and silicates
MAFIC - dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and felsic ULTRAMAFIC - very dark color 2. TEXTURE - overall appearance of rock
METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metamorphic Rocks - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary 2 types of metamorphism
REGIONAL CONTACT METAMORPHISM - transformation of one rock type into another.
1. Regional -due to changes in 2. Contact -mainly by heat due to
pressure and temperature over large contact with magma region of the crust Classification:
a. Texture - refers to the size arrangement ad grains within the
rock.
b. Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral grains or
structural features within the rock.
*foliated - appeared banded or layered,
contains crystals Example: mica
Non-foliated - made up of only few minerals
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary Rocks provide information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.
Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of
materials called sediments, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into rocks. Compaction-due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together to form the sedimentary rocks. The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification. Erosion and weathering include the effects of wind and rain, which slowly break down large rocks into smaller ones. Three types of sedimentary rocks
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY CHEMICAL ORGANIC
ROCK - formed when dissolved - formed from accumulation minerals precipitate from a - rocks formed from the of clasts: little pieces of broken solution. accumulation of rocks and shells. animal debris Example: Halite - formed Examples: conglomerate, when a body of seawater Example: Coal - breccia, sandstone, shale becomes closed off and composed of organic evaporates. matter in the form of plants fragments.
