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Group 4 Simple Distillation

Distillation is a process that separates mixtures by heating them to boil off volatile components that can then be cooled and condensed. The document describes a distillation experiment where rum is heated to boil off ethanol, which has a lower boiling point than water. Ethanol vapor travels up the condenser where it cools and collects in a receiving flask. The distillate is measured and found to have properties consistent with ethanol such as density and flammability.

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Karla Vi Tacuel
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86 views12 pages

Group 4 Simple Distillation

Distillation is a process that separates mixtures by heating them to boil off volatile components that can then be cooled and condensed. The document describes a distillation experiment where rum is heated to boil off ethanol, which has a lower boiling point than water. Ethanol vapor travels up the condenser where it cools and collects in a receiving flask. The distillate is measured and found to have properties consistent with ethanol such as density and flammability.

Uploaded by

Karla Vi Tacuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMPLE DISTILLATION

Separation of a Mixture

GROUP 4
TABIOS • TACUEL• TAGOLIMOT • TAMONAN • SUMAYO
INTRODUCTION
The refinement or isolation of the distinct constituents in a
liquid amalgamation is achieved through distillation when
heating volatile components are quickly returned to their
original state via condensation. As for how it varies from its
initial form - what differentiates the composition of this
resultant substance (termed 'distillate') from that which was
present beforehand?
CONCEPTS
• Distillation
• Boiling point
• Evaporation and condensation
• Separation of a mixture

MATERIALS
• Adapters • Distillation flask
• Bunsen burner • Receiving flask
• Clamp • Rubber Tubing
• Clamp Stand • Rum
• Condenser • Thermometer
SETUP
PROCEDURE
1. The clamp and clamp holder are fixed to a support stand at the lab desk.
2. The round-bottom flask is placed on the hot plate, adjusting a clamp at its neck to
the support stand.
3. A distillation adapter (three-way adapter) is connected to the flask If applicable.
4. The thermometer is placed such that its bulb is below the lower level of the lateral
line of the distillation connector.
5. Another clamp and clamp holder are adjusted to the support stand to fix the
condenser, which is attached or jointed to the arm of the distillation flask.
6. The condenser should then be inclined to allow the condensed vapor to drop into
the receiving flask.
7. Another distillation adapter is mounted with a receiver container, where the
distillate is collected.
8. Finally, the rubber tubing is connected to a water-jacketed condenser to provide
the water (inlet from water supply, lower end, and outlet to sink, upper end).
9. The receiving container should be placed in an ice-water bath.
IN THIS EXPERIMENT
• A sample of rum should be prepared. Record the mass of the empty receiving
container.
• Place boiling chips inside the distillation flask before introducing 50 mL of
rum in the flask.
• Start the cooling circuit of the condenser by attaching the inlet tubing to the
tap and the outlet draining into the sink.
• Start heating the mixture, keeping an eye on the thermometer.
• The rum is heated until it boils, and the hot vapors will travel up to the
condenser.
• Take note of the temperature when it is constant, which is the boiling point of
the liquid being distilled.
• Droplets will run down the condenser and collected in the receiving
container.
• Stop the distillation once the temperature rises rapidly again by turning off
the heat source and replace the receiving container with a new one.
• Record the temperature and volume of the distillate by transferring it into a
graduated cylinder.
PRECAUTIONS
 Use glassware and heating mantle very carefully.
 Use gloves while handling chemicals but never on hot glassware.
 Connect the apparatus properly, loose jointing will allow vapors to
escape and possibly harm others.
 Add porcelain chips to avoid bumping of liquid while boiling.
 NEVER drop a boiling stone into hot liquid or you may be rewarded
by having your body soaked in the hot liquid as it foams out at you.
 Never fill the distilling flask more than half full and never distil to
dryness.
 The residue left in the distillation flask may contain peroxides, which
could ignite or explode after all the liquid has distilled away.
DOCUMENTATION
DATA SHEET
filling in the necessary data

Temperature at distillate formation, °C 78 °C

Temperature of distillate, °C 28 °C

Mass of empty receiver, g 66.83 g

Mass of receiver with distillate, g 82 g

Mass of distillate, g 15.17 g

Volume of distillate, mL 18.5 mL


Density of distillate, g/Ml (solution)
By determining the mass m and volume V of the distillate the density ρ can be calculated,

= 0.820 g/mL

Relative error, % (solution)


Determine the temperature of the distillate and calculate its density at that temperature.
Compare it with the density of ethanol at the same temperature and determine the relative
error er

= 3.8
Is the distillate flammable? Yes

What factors can you attribute to have the


calculated density higher or lower than the density
of ethanol?

Ethanol is less dense than water. In comparison to water,


ethanol has less hydrogen bonding. Density is defined as
mass per unit volume; because hydrogen bonds bring
molecules closer together, more mass occupies the space,
making water denser.
CONCLUSION
The compound with the lower boiling point will become a
vapor that we can then collect (ethanol) while the compound
with the higher boiling point will remain liquid in the
distillation flask (water). There is less extensive hydrogen
bonding between ethanol molecules than between water
molecules. Thus less energy is needed to vaporise ethanol
than water.

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