This document provides a summary of different types of glass used in buildings, including their properties and uses. It discusses annealed glass, toughened glass, laminated glass, coated glass, mirrored glass, patterned glass, and special glasses. It also covers the history of glass in construction, physical and engineering properties of glass, uses of glass in green buildings, and the latest research on electricity generating transparent windows.
This document provides a summary of different types of glass used in buildings, including their properties and uses. It discusses annealed glass, toughened glass, laminated glass, coated glass, mirrored glass, patterned glass, and special glasses. It also covers the history of glass in construction, physical and engineering properties of glass, uses of glass in green buildings, and the latest research on electricity generating transparent windows.
This document provides a summary of different types of glass used in buildings, including their properties and uses. It discusses annealed glass, toughened glass, laminated glass, coated glass, mirrored glass, patterned glass, and special glasses. It also covers the history of glass in construction, physical and engineering properties of glass, uses of glass in green buildings, and the latest research on electricity generating transparent windows.
This document provides a summary of different types of glass used in buildings, including their properties and uses. It discusses annealed glass, toughened glass, laminated glass, coated glass, mirrored glass, patterned glass, and special glasses. It also covers the history of glass in construction, physical and engineering properties of glass, uses of glass in green buildings, and the latest research on electricity generating transparent windows.
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SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW
DEVA ROAD , BARABANKI
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
MATERIAL REPORT ON GLASS IN BUILDINGS
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
AR. VIVEK KARMAKAR AYUSHI VISHWAKARMA (201811101010003) B. ARCH 2ND YEAR SESSION: 2019-20 Introduction
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in things like window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics. The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide), the primary constituent of sand.. Flat glass has been used as an enclosing element for approximately 2,000 years and is thus one of the oldest man–made building materials. Before industrialization, flat glass was produced, e.g., by means of manual methods such as casting or cylinder technology. A relatively moderate cost, which was an almost entirely automated float glass manufacturing process. These were replaced by sheet glass and plate glass manufacturing methods, which were used up until the 1960s. Machine methods had the disadvantage of distortion and waviness. Brief history
In the early 1950s, the English company Pilkington Brothers developed an industrial solution for producing high quantities of large glass panes of a consistent high quality.
As a result of the oil crisis in the late 1970s, the glass architecture at that time was subject to increasing criticism. Uncoated flat glass was considered a waste of energy.
Interpane was one of the first companies to successfully market neutral heat protection coatings. One example is "iplus neutral" (since 1982): It is considered to be the first color-neutral thermal insulating glass in glass history.
The key to success was a special silver coating. This technology is now the
basis for the manufacturing of high-quality thermal insulating glass.
MAIN TYPES OF GLASS
Annealed glass
Toughened glass
Laminated glass
Coated glass
Mirrored glass
Patterned glass
Special glass Annealed glass
Annealed glass is the basic flat glass product
that is the first result of the float process.
It is common glass that tends to break into
large, jagged shards.
It is used in some end products and often in
double-glazed windows.
It is also the starting material used to produce
more advanced products through further processing such as laminating, toughening, coating, etc. TOUGHENED GLASS
Toughened glass is made from annealed glass treated with a
thermal tempering process. Toughened glass is treated to be far more resistant to breakage than simple annealed glass due to counteracting stresses and to break in a more predictable way when it does break, thus providing a major safety advantage in almost all of its applications.
Car windshields and windows, glass portions of building
facades, glass sliding doors and partitions in houses and offices, glass furniture such as table tops, and many other products typically use toughened glass. L A M I N AT E D G L A S S
Laminated glass is made of two or more layers of glass
with one or more "interlayers" of polymeric material bonded between the glass layers.
Rather than shattering on impact, laminated glass is held
together by the interlayer giving more safety as well as, to some degree, reducing the security risks associated with
easy penetration.
The interlayer also provides a way to apply several
other technologies and benefits, such as coloring, sound resistant to fire ultra violet filtering and other technologies that can be embedded in or interlayer. Coated glass
Surface coatings can be applied to glass to modify its
appearance and give it many of the advanced characteristics and functions available in today's flat glass products, such as low maintenance, special reflection/ transmission/ absorption properties, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. Coatings are usually applied by controlled exposure of the glass surface to vapors, which bind to the glass forming a permanent coating.
The coating process can be applied while the glass is
still in the float line with the glass still warm, producing what is known as "hard-coated" glass. Mirrored glass
To produce mirrored glass, a metal coating is applied to one
side of the glass. The coating is generally made of silver, aluminium, gold or chrome. For simple mirrored glass, a fully reflective metal coating is applied and then sealed with a protective layer. To produce "one-way" mirrors, a much thinner metal coating is used, with no additional sealing or otherwise opaque layer. Mirrored glass is gaining a more prominent place in architecture, for important functional reasons as well as for the aesthetic effect. Patterned glass
Patterned glass is flat glass whose surfaces display a regular pattern.
The most common method for producing patterned glass is to pass heated glass (usually just after it exits the furnace where it is made) between rollers whose surfaces contain the negative relief of the desired pattern(s).
Patterned glass is mostly used in internal decoration and internal architecture.
Special glass
SPECIAL GLASS IS A GLASS WITH SOME SPECIAL FEATURES.
Foam glass: Foam glass is a porous inorganic non-metallic
material which is made of waste flat glass and bottle glass and is foamed at high temperature. It is fireproof, waterproof, non- toxic, corrosion-resistant, anti-mite, non-aging, non-radioactive, and insulating.
FIBER GLASS: Fibre glass is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. It is Cheaper and more flexible than carbon fiber, it is stronger than many metals by weight, is non-magnetic, non- conductive, transparent to electromagnetic radiation, can be molded into complex shapes, and is chemically inert under many circumstances. BULLET PROOF GLASS Bulletproof glass is a strong and optically transparent material that is particularly resistant to penetration by projectiles. Like any other material, it is not completely impenetrable. It is usually made from a combination of two or more types of glass, one hard and one soft. The softer layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex instead of shatter Bulletproof glass varies in thickness from 3⁄4 to 3 1⁄2 inches (19 to 89 mm) STRUCTURAL GLASS: The term 'structural glass' is a wide-reaching product term used to describe a frameless glass assembly where the glass is taking an element of the structural load. A structural glass floor for instance will be designed to withstand a walk on load across its surface whereas a frameless glass balustrade installation will be designed to withstand the required line loading in a perpendicular direction. D i ff e r e n t uses
Supply of natural daylight
Protection from rain, wind, and cold
Transparency or translucency Object and personal protection
Means of communication Fire protection
Sound protection Temporary heat and solar protection
Use of solar energy
Electromagnetic dampening. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES GLASS OF GLASS
it is strong and brittle.
It can be blown, drawn and pressed. TRANSPARANCY It is not affected by moisture. It is chemically resistance, through STRENGTH technology it can be made lighter than the cork and stronger than a WORKABILITY steel. Low maintenance. TRANSMITTENCE Available in transparent, translucent and opaque form. U- VALUE RECYCLE PROPERTY Glass for gr ee n b u i l d i n g s
Reflective glasses come with reflective coating
that filters heat and let optimum light into the building.
Reduce the heat gain inside the building, and
thus reduces electricity and cooling costs
Allow optimum light (natural daylighting) inside
the building, and thus reduces the cost for artificial lighting L a t e s t r e s e a r c h of i n t e r e s t
American company, new energy technologies is developing electricity
generating transparent windows.
The team developed a coating capable of generating electricity on glass
and flexible plastics that is processed uniformly in different color tints. These polymer organic photovoltaic arrays are clear and only capture UV rays. Unlike traditional building applied photovoltaic systems, restricted to use in direct sunlight on very limited skyscraper rooftop space, their ‘solar window’ is designed to operate in sunlight, shaded conditions and artificial light on the many thousands of square feet of glass surfaces common to today’s high rise towers.
The technology is the subject of forty two patent filings, and researchers are on the track to advance the project towards full scale production. MARKET SURVEY
LOCATION: UNIVERSAL GLASS
AND ALUMINIUM SHOP CHINHATT, LUCKNOW MARKET SURVEY S.NO TYPES OF GLASS SIZE OF GLASS THICKNESS OF MARKET RATE . GLASS 1 FLOAT GLASS 3300*2140MM 15MM AND 19MM 250/- PER SQ FEET 2 TOUGHNED GLASS 10-50 SQ FEET 12MM 160/- PER SQ FEET 3 LAMINATED GLASS - 13.52 345/- PER SQ FEET 4 COATED GLASS 100*100MM - 340/- PER PIECE 5 MIRRORED GLASS - 10-15MM 297/- PER PIECE 6 PATTERENED GLASS 2160*1650MM 10MM 270/- PER SQ FEET 7 BULLET PROOF GLASS 200*250MM 22-52MM 650/- PER SQ FEET Conclusion
Over a period of time, glass has acquired a special
status as a significant building material. Apart from being a building material it is used in various forms also in the building to enhance the overall quality GLASS WALKWAY CHINA
e.g. in furniture, electrical appliances and decorative
items. Various technological innovations have made it a preferred choice for architects and designers to
