Introduction of Medicalsurgical

JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY,
COLLEGE OF medicine
&HEALTH SCIENCE,
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
Medical Surgical Nursing
I
For 2nd year nursing
Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 1

Introduction
Medical-surgical Nursing is a course which is intended to
provide nursing students with an understanding of health and
illness at different levels.
It comprises the concepts of medicine and surgery.
Medicine: comes from the Latin word “medicina” meaning ‘the
art of healing’

Introduction …
 A drug of a preparation used in treating diseases
 The art and science dealing with diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of diseases and maintenance of good health.
 The art or technique of treating diseases with out surgery.
Surgery – is the branch of medicine, concerned with disease and
trauma requiring operative procedures.

Hence, medical surgical nursing deals with both medicines and
surgery.

Scope of Practice for Medical-Surgical
Nursing
• The dynamic nature of the health care
environment and the growing body of knowledge
in nursing practice highlight the need to interpret
and describe the scope of practice for the
Medical-Surgical Nursing specialty.
• The goal of the Medical-Surgical Nursing
specialty is to promote, maintain, and restore the
health of the client in accordance with the best
evidence available.
Nursing
Nursing: is an art and a science for the

diagnosis and treatment of human responses to
health and illness.

Nursing: Defined as:
“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the

individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health, its recovery, or to a
peaceful death that the client would perform unaided
if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
And to do this in such a way as to help the client gain
independence as rapidly as possible.”
‘’By Virginia Henderson’’

Roles of the Nurse
• Coordinator
• Communicator
• Teacher
• Counselor
• Manager
• Leader

Roles of the Nurse …Con’t
• Team player
• Motivator
• Delegator
• Critical thinker
• Innovator
• Researcher
• Advocate

Practice setting for Nurses
• Hospitals: skilled nursing restorative settings

• Community based:
1. Health centers, health posts, private institution, etc
2. Schools
3. Occupational areas
4. Home health/ home service

Health and Illness

Concepts of Health and Illness
• There is no consensus (agreement) about any

definition of health. There is knowledge of how to
attain(reach) a certain level of health, but health itself
cannot be measured.
• Traditionally health has been defined in terms of the
presence or absence of disease. Nightingale defined
health as a state of being well and using every power
the individual possesses to the fullest extent.

Concepts of health and illness:
Most people defined health as the following:
• Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as

possible.
• Being able to be active and to do what they want or must.
• Being in good spirits most of the time.

Concepts of Health and Illness cont.…
• Health: as defined by WHO, 1948:
“Health: is a state of complete physical, mental, and social

well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
Latest definition ……is as follows:
• ‘’Health: is a state of physical, mental, social, economical,
spiritual, and emotional wellbeing not merely the absence of
disease. Terris M, 1970th ’

The Human Dimensions of Health
• Physical dimension: genetic inheritance, age, developmental

level, race, and gender
• Emotional dimension: how the mind affects body function and
responds to body conditions
• Intellectual dimension: cognitive abilities, educational
background, and past experiences
• Environmental dimension: housing, sanitation, climate, pollution
of air, food, and water
The Human Dimensions of Health
• Sociocultural dimension: economic level, lifestyle,

family, and culture
• Spiritual dimension: spiritual beliefs and values

Models of Health and Illness
• The agent-host-environment model: The agent, host, and

environment interact in ways that create risk factors.
• The health-illness continuum: Views health as a constantly
changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite
sides of a continuum
• The high-level wellness model
• The health belief model
• The health promotion model

Wellness
• Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the

potential of the individual
• Wellness is a dynamic process that is ever changing.
The well person usually has some degree of illness and the ill
person usually has some degree of wellness.

Dimensions of wellness

Illness
• Is a highly personal state in which the person's physical,

emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual
functioning is thought to be diminished.
It is classified as:
• Acute illness
• Chronic illness

Acute Illness
• Generally rapid onset of symptoms.

• Last only relatively short time.
Illness Behaviors:
 Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
 Stage 2: Assuming sick role

 Stage 3: Assuming dependent role
 Stage 4: achieving recovery & rehabilitation

Chronic Illness
Refers physical and mental alterations in health with one or more

of the following and lasts for a long period of time:
 permanent change
 causes or is caused by, irreversible alterations in
normal anatomy and physiology
 requires specialized rehabilitation
 requires long period of care or support

Factors affecting health and illness
 physical dimension
 emotional dimension
 intellectual dimension
 environmental dimension
 sociocultural dimension
 spiritual dimension

Disease
• Disease can be described as an alteration in body functions

resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the
normal life span.
• The causation of a disease is called its etiology.

The Nursing Process

Nursing Process
It is an organized sequence of problem-solving steps used to

identify and manage the health problems of clients
 An organizational framework for the practice of nursing
 Orderly, systematic
 Central to all nursing care

 Encompasses all steps taken by the nurse in caring for a patient

The Nursing Process…
 Provides an orderly & systematic method for planning &

providing care
 Enhances nursing efficiency by standardizing nursing practice
 Facilitates documentation of care

 Provides a unity of language for the nursing profession
 Is economical and stresses the independent function of nurses
 Increases care quality through the use of deliberate actions

Components of Nursing process
• Assessment
• Nursing Diagnosis
• Planning
• Outcome identification
• Implementation
• Evaluation

Characteristics of the Nursing Process
 Is performed within the legal scope of nursing
 Based on knowledge-requiring critical thinking

 Planned-organized and systematic
 Is client-centered
 Is goal-directed
 Prioritizes the problem
 Is dynamic

Benefits of using the nursing process
 Continuity of care
 Prevention of duplication
 Individualized care
 Standardized care
 Increased client participation

 Collaboration of care

Summary of nursing process

Thank you all!!

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JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY,

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 1

Medical-surgical Nursing is a course which is intended to

provide nursing students with an understanding of health and

illness at different levels.

It comprises the concepts of medicine and surgery.

Medicine: comes from the Latin word “medicina” meaning ‘the

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 2

 A drug of a preparation used in treating diseases

 The art and science dealing with diagnosis, treatment and

prevention of diseases and maintenance of good health.

 The art or technique of treating diseases with out surgery.

Surgery – is the branch of medicine, concerned with disease and

trauma requiring operative procedures.

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 3

Nursing: is an art and a science for the

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 5

“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the

‘’By Virginia Henderson’’

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 6

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 7

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 8

• Hospitals: skilled nursing restorative settings

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 9

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 10

• There is no consensus (agreement) about any

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 11

• Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as

• Being able to be active and to do what they want or must.

• Being in good spirits most of the time.

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 12

• Health: as defined by WHO, 1948:

“Health: is a state of complete physical, mental, and social

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 13

• Physical dimension: genetic inheritance, age, developmental

• Sociocultural dimension: economic level, lifestyle,

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 15

• The agent-host-environment model: The agent, host, and

• The health promotion model

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 16

• Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 17

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 18

• Is a highly personal state in which the person's physical,

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 19

• Generally rapid onset of symptoms.

 Stage 2: Assuming sick role

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 20

Refers physical and mental alterations in health with one or more

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 21

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 22

• Disease can be described as an alteration in body functions

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 23

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 24

It is an organized sequence of problem-solving steps used to

 Central to all nursing care

Saturday, March 25, 2023 by Abdinaer A. 25

 Provides an orderly & systematic method for planning &

 Facilitates documentation of care