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Computer Networking

This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in telecommunications to transmit multiple data streams over a single medium. It describes multiplexing as combining n input lines into a single output line using a multiplexer, and demultiplexing as separating the single line back into n outputs using a demultiplexer. The key multiplexing techniques covered are frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). FDM divides the frequency spectrum into channels, WDM uses different optical wavelengths, and TDM divides time into slots to transmit discrete signals. Applications of multiplexing include analog broadcasting, digital broadcasting, telephony, video processing, and telegraphy.

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35 views

Computer Networking

This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in telecommunications to transmit multiple data streams over a single medium. It describes multiplexing as combining n input lines into a single output line using a multiplexer, and demultiplexing as separating the single line back into n outputs using a demultiplexer. The key multiplexing techniques covered are frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). FDM divides the frequency spectrum into channels, WDM uses different optical wavelengths, and TDM divides time into slots to transmit discrete signals. Applications of multiplexing include analog broadcasting, digital broadcasting, telephony, video processing, and telegraphy.

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AVIDIP DEY
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHOICE OF SIZE AND NUMBER OF

GENERATION UNITS IN A THERMAL


POWER PLANT
CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Block Diagram
3. Concept
4. Application
5. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Multiplexing is a technique used to combine and send the multiple data streams over a single medium. The process of combining the
data streams is known as multiplexing and hardware used for multiplexing is known as a multiplexer.
Multiplexing is achieved by using a device called Multiplexer (MUX) that combines n input lines to generate a single output line.
Multiplexing follows many-to-one, i.e., n input lines and one output line.
Demultiplexing is achieved by using a device called Demultiplexer (DEMUX) available at the receiving end. DEMUX separates a
signal into its component signals (one input and n outputs). Therefore, we can say that demultiplexing follows the one-to-many
approach.
• Multiplexing technique is widely used in telecommunications in which several telephone calls are carried through a single wire.
• Multiplexing originated in telegraphy in the early 1870s and is now widely used in communication.
• George Owen Squier developed the telephone carrier multiplexing in 1910.
•The 'n' input lines are transmitted through a multiplexer and
multiplexer combines the signals to form a composite signal.

•The composite signal is passed through a Demultiplexer and


demultiplexer separates a signal to component signals and
transfers them to their respective destinations.

Frequency Division Multiplexing


When the carrier is frequency, FDM is used. FDM is an analog technology. FDM
divides the spectrum or carrier bandwidth in logical channels and allocates one user to
each channel. Each user can use the channel frequency independently and has
exclusive access of it. All channels are divided in such a way that they do not overlap
with each other. Channels are separated by guard bands. Guard band is a frequency
which is not used by either channel.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Time Division Multiplexing
Light has different wavelength (colors). In fiber optic mode, TDM is applied primarily on digital signals but can be applied
multiple optical carrier signals are multiplexed into an optical on analog signals as well. In TDM the shared channel is divided
fiber by using different wavelengths. This is an analog among its user by means of time slot. Each user can transmit
multiplexing technique and is done conceptually in the same data within the provided time slot only. Digital signals are
manner as FDM but uses light as signals. divided in frames, equivalent to time slot i.e. frame of an
optimal size which can be transmitted in given time slot.
TDM works in synchronized mode. Both ends, i.e. Multiplexer
and De-multiplexer are timely synchronized and both switch to
next channel simultaneously. When channel A transmits its
frame at one end, the De-multiplexer provides media to channel
A on the other end. As soon as the channel A’s time slot expires,
this side switches to channel B. On the other end, the De-
multiplexer works in a synchronized manner and provides media
to channel B. Signals from different channels travel the path in
interleaved manner.
Applications
The applications of multiplexing include the following.
• Analog Broadcasting
• Digital Broadcasting
• Telephony
• Video Processing
• Telegraphy

Conclusion
Thus, this is all about an overview of multiplexing in networking and its types like analog multiplexing and digital multiplexing.
Analog type uses analog signals which are multiplexed based on their frequency or wavelength. So these are classified into
two types like frequency division or FDM & wavelength division or WDM. Digital type uses discrete data bits. Thus, the
available data is in the form of packets/ frames because these are discrete. This kind of technique is classified into different
types like time division, synchronous and asynchronous.
From the above information finally, we can conclude that by using these types of multiplexing techniques we can transfer and
receive the data efficiently. 
Thank You.

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