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    Engineering Physics L-5: (Electromagnetic Theory) Quantum Mechanics

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    Vijay Reddy
    This document discusses electromagnetic theory and provides information on several related topics: 1. It outlines the key topics covered in electromagnetic theory including vector and scalar fields, Maxwell's equations, and their physical significance. 2. Displacement current is discussed, which serves to make Ampere's law consistent by accounting for changes in electric fields. 3. Maxwell's equations are presented in both differential and integral forms. 4. The physical significance of Maxwell's equations is summarized as representing the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism concisely and relating electric and magnetic fields and fluxes.

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    Engineering Physics L-5: (Electromagnetic Theory) Quantum Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Reddy
    67 views7 pages
    This document discusses electromagnetic theory and provides information on several related topics: 1. It outlines the key topics covered in electromagnetic theory including vector and scalar fields, Maxwell's equations, and their physical significance. 2. Displacement current is discussed, which serves to make Ampere's law consistent by accounting for changes in electric fields. 3. Maxwell's equations are presented in both differential and integral forms. 4. The physical significance of Maxwell's equations is summarized as representing the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism concisely and relating electric and magnetic fields and fluxes.

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    This document discusses electromagnetic theory and provides information on several related topics: 1. It outlines the key topics covered in electromagnetic theory including vector and scalar fields, Maxwell's equations, and their physical significance. 2. Displacement current is discussed, which serves to make Ampere's law consistent by accounting for changes in electric fields. 3. Maxwell's equations are presented in both differential and integral forms. 4. The physical significance of Maxwell's equations is summarized as representing the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism concisely and relating electric and magnetic fields and fluxes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    67 views7 pages

    Engineering Physics L-5: (Electromagnetic Theory) Quantum Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Reddy
    This document discusses electromagnetic theory and provides information on several related topics: 1. It outlines the key topics covered in electromagnetic theory including vector and scalar fields, Maxwell's equations, and their physical significance. 2. Displacement current is discussed, which serves to make Ampere's law consistent by accounting for changes in electric fields. 3. Maxwell's equations are presented in both differential and integral forms. 4. The physical significance of Maxwell's equations is summarized as representing the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism concisely and relating electric and magnetic fields and fluxes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Engineering Physics

    L-5
    (Electromagnetic Theory)

    ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY QUANTUM MECHANICS

    LASER WAVES

    Dr. Vishal Thakur


    SOLID STATE PHYSICS
    Lovely Professional University
    Phagwara, Punjab-144411
    FIBRE OPTICS
    EMT-Topics

    1. Scalar and Vector fields.


    2. Concepts of gradient, divergence and curl.
    3. Gauss Theorem and Stokes theorem.
    4. Poisson and Laplace’s Equation.
    5. Continuity equation.
    6. Maxwell’s Electromagnetic equation.
    7. Physical significance of Maxwell’s equation.
    8. Ampere’s Circuital law.
    9. Maxwell displacement current and correction in Amperes law.
    Displacement Current:
    Characteristics of displacement current:

    1. It has the same unit as electric current density.


    2. Displacement current is a current only in the sense that it produces magnetic field. It has
    none other properties of current. For example displacement current can have a finite value
    in vacuum where there are no charges of any type.
    3. It serves to make the total current continuous across discontinuities in conduction current.
    4. It makes the Ampere’s circuital law a consistent one.

    Maxwell came up with this rather curious name because many of his ideas regarding electric and
    magnetic fields were completely wrong. For instance, Maxwell believed in the æther, and he thought
    that electric and magnetic fields were some sort of stresses in this medium. He also thought that the
    displacement current was associated with displacements of the æther (hence, the name).

    The reason that these misconceptions did not invalidate his equations is quite simple. Maxwell based
    his equations on the results of experiments, and he added in his extra term so as to make these
    equations mathematically self-consistent. Both of these steps are valid irrespective of the existence or
    non-existence of the æther.

    http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/em/lectures/node46.html
    Displacement Current: Capacitor example
    How can you say that for steady current, the divergence inconsistency is removed?

    • One more way the Ampere’s law fails for non-steady


    current, other than the divergence inconsistency is while
    charging a capacitor.
    • How to determine the current ?
    • Well, it is the total current passing through the loop or the
    current piercing through the surface that has the loop for
    its boundary.
    • In this case the simplest surface lies in the plane of the loop
    and the wire punctures the surface. Thus, .
    • But, if we draw a balloon shaped surface, then no current is
    passes through the surface and hence .
    • Thus based on the surface selected for the Amperian loop,
    the results for enclosed currents are different and
    accordingly the circulation of magnetic field will also be
    affected.
    Maxwell’s Equation: Differential Form

    Some people call this as Gauss law


    in magneto statics.
    Maxwell’s Equation: Integral Form
    Physical Significance of Maxwell’s Equation

     The equations represent the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism in concise form.
     The total flux of electric field through a closed surface is equal to () times the total charge enclosed within the
    volume.
     The net magnetic flux emerging through any closed surface is zero.
     The line integral of electric field around a closed path is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through
    any surface bounded by the path.
     The line integral of magnetic field around a closed path is equal to the net flux of density of electric current
    and displacement current.

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