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CIRCLES

Here are the steps to solve these tangent problems: A. Since tangents from an outside point are congruent, <1 = <2. Also, the segment from the center bisects the angle between tangents. Therefore, y = 70°. B. Since <OPD is trisected, each angle is 140/3 = 46°. Also, a diameter bisects any arc it intercepts. Therefore, x = 46°. C. Given: m<O = 140° Principle 4: Tangents from an outside point are congruent Therefore, m<1 = m<2 Principle 5: Segment from center bisects angle between tangents Therefore, m<1 = 70

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221 views57 pages

CIRCLES

Here are the steps to solve these tangent problems: A. Since tangents from an outside point are congruent, <1 = <2. Also, the segment from the center bisects the angle between tangents. Therefore, y = 70°. B. Since <OPD is trisected, each angle is 140/3 = 46°. Also, a diameter bisects any arc it intercepts. Therefore, x = 46°. C. Given: m<O = 140° Principle 4: Tangents from an outside point are congruent Therefore, m<1 = m<2 Principle 5: Segment from center bisects angle between tangents Therefore, m<1 = 70

Uploaded by

Shajenx Cleofe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIRCLES

GROUP 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• DEFINITIONS
• Circle
• Tangent Lines
• Arcs of Circles
• Inscribed and Intercepted Arcs
• Congruent Arcs
• Inscribed and Circumscribed Polygon
• PROVING THEOREMS INVOLVING CIRCLES AND
SPHERES
THE CIRCLE
CIRCLE RELATIONSHIPS
THE CIRCLE
The following terms are associated with
the circle.

• A circle is the set of all points in a plane


that are at the same distance from a fixed
point called the center.
THE CIRCLE
• The circumference of a circle is the distance
around the circle. It contains 360°.
• A radius of a circle is a line segment joining
the center to a point on the circle.
• Note: Since all radii of a given circle have the same length, we may
at times use the word radius to mean the number that is "the length
of the radius."
THE CIRCLE
• A central angle is an angle formed by two radii.
• An arc is a continuous part of a circle.
• A semicircle is an arc measuring one-half the
circumference of a circle.
• A minor arc is an arc that is less than a semicircle.
• A major arc is an arc that is greater than a semicircle.
THE CIRCLE
Thus, in the figure, arc BC is a
minor arc, and arc BAC is a
major arc. Three letters are
needed to indicate major arc.

To intercept an arc is to cut off


the arc.
Thus in the figure, <BAC and
<BOC intercept arc BC
THE CIRCLE
• A chord of a circle is
a line segment joining
two points of the
circumference.
• A diameter of a circle
is a chord through the
center
THE CIRCLE
• A secant of a circle is
aline that intersects the
circle at two points.
• A tangent of a circle is a
line that touches the
circle at one and only
one point no matter far
produced.
THE CIRCLE
• An inscribed polygon is a polygon all of whose
sides are chords of a circle.
• A circumscribed circle is a circle passing through
each vertex of a polygon.
• A circumscribed polygon is a polygon all of
whose sides are tangents to a circle.
• An inscribed circle is a circle to which all the
sides of a polygon are tangents.
THE CIRCLE
In the figure, Thus ∆ABD,
∆BCD, and quadrilateral
ABCD are inscribed
polygons of circle O.

Circle O is a circumscribed
circle of quadrilateral
ABCD.
THE CIRCLE
Thus, ∆ABC is a
circumscribed polygon of
circle O.

Circle O is an inscribed
circle of ∆ABC
THE CIRCLE
• Concentric circles are circles that
have the same center.

• Thus, the two circles shown in Fig.


are concentric circles.

• AB is a tangent of the inner circle


and a chord of the outer one. CD is
a secant of the inner circle and a
chord of the outer one.
THE CIRCLE
• Two circles are equal if their radii are equal in
length; two circles are congruent if their radii
are congruent.

• Two arcs are congruent if they have equal


degree measure and length. We use the
notation mAC to denote “measure of arc AC.”
THE CIRCLE
Identify the following:
1. Radius
2. Central Angle
3. Semicircle
4. Minor arc
5. Major Arc
6. Chord
7. Diameter
8. Secant
9. Tangent
10. Inscribed Polygon
11. Circumscribed Polygon
12. Inscribed Circle
13. Circumscribed Circle
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 1: A
diameter divides a circle
into two equal parts.
Thus, diameter divides
circle O of Fig. into two
congruent semicircles,
ACB and ADB
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 2: If a chord
divides a circle into two
equal parts, then it is a
diameter. (This is the
converse of Principle 1.)
Thus if ACB ≈ ADB in
Fig. 6-6, then AB is a
diameter.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 3: A point is
outside, on, or inside a circle
according to whether its distance
from the center is greater than,
equal to, or smaller than the
radius.
• F is outside circle O in Fig., since FO is
greater in length than a radius.
• E is inside circle O since is smaller in
length than a radius.
• A is on circle O since AO is a radius.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 4: Radii of
the same or congruent
circles are congruent.

• PRINCIPLE 5: Diameters
of the same or congruent
circles are congruent.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 6: In the
same or congruent
circles, congruent
central angles have
congruent arcs.
Thus in circle O of Fig. ,
if <1 ≈ <2, then AC ≈ CB
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 7: In the
same or congruent circles,
congruent arcs have
congruent central angles.
Thus in circle O of Fig., if AC
≈ CB, then <1 > <2.
(Principles 6 and 7 are converses
of each other.)
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 8: In the
same or congruent circles,
congruent chords have
congruent arcs.
Thus in circle O of Fig., if
chord AB ≈ chord AC then
arc AB ≈ arc AC
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 9: In the
same or congruent circles,
congruent arcs have
congruent chords.
Thus in circle O of Fig., if arc AB
≈ arc AC then chord AB ≈ chord
AC
Principles 8 and 9 are converses of
each other.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 10: A diameter
perpendicular to a chord
bisects the chord and its
arcs.
Thus in circle O of Fig., if
chord CD is perpendicular to
chord AB then chord CD bisects
chord AB, arc AB and arc ACB.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 11: A
perpendicular bisector of a
chord passes through the
center of the circle.
Thus in circle O of Fig., if
chord PD is the perpendicular
bisector of chord AB, then
chord PD passes through center
O.
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 13: In the same
or congruent circles, chords
that are equally distant from
the center are congruent.
(Principles 12 and 13 are
converses of each other.)
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
CIRCLE PRINCIPLES
TANGENTS
TANGENTS
• The length of a tangent
from a point to a circle is
the length of the segment
of the tangent from the
given point to the point of
tangency.
Thus, PA is the length of
the tangent from P to circle
O in Fig.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 1: A tangent
is perpendicular to the
radius drawn to the point
of contact.
Thus, if line AB is a tangent to
circle O at P in Fig., and radius
OP is drawn, then line AB is
perpendicular to radius OP
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 2: A line is
tangent to a circle if it is
perpendicular to a radius
at its outer end.
Thus if line AB is
perpendicular to radius OP
at P of Fig., then, line AB is
tangent to circle O.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 3: A line
passes through the center
of a circle if it is
perpendicular to a tangent
at its point of contact.
Thus if line AB is tangent to
circle O at P in Fig., and line CP
is perpendicular to line AB at P,
then line CP extended will pass
through the center O.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 4:
Tangents to a circle
from an outside point
are congruent.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 5: The segment
from the center of a circle to
an outside point bisects the
angle between the tangents
from the point to the circle.
TWO CIRCLES IN VARYING
RELATIVE POSITIONS
TWO CIRCLES IN VARYING
RELATIVE POSITIONS
TWO CIRCLES IN VARYING
RELATIVE POSITIONS
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES

• B. line AP and line AQ are tangents, find the m<1 if m<O =


140.
• C. Line DP and Line CQ are tangents. Find m<2 and m<3 if
<OPD is trisected and line PQ is a diameter.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES

• A. line AP, line BQ, and line AB are tangents. Find y.


• B. Triangle ABC is circumscribed. Find x.
TANGENTS PRINCIPLES

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