INTRO

TOPIC 1

TOPIC 1.1
INTRODUCTION AND
TRENDS TO DATA

TOPIC 1.2
WAREHOUSING

TOPIC 1.3
1.1 The need for data warehousing
1.2 Data Warehousing : The Building Blocks
1.3 Trends in Data Warehouse

EXERCISE
 INTRO
 As an enterprise grows larger, hundreds of computer
applications are needed to support various business
process.
 Without these computer systems, no modern business

TOPIC 1.1
can survive. Companies started building and using
these systems in the 1960s and have become
completely dependent on them.
 Computer system help to gather, store, and process all

TOPIC 1.2
the data needed to successfully perform the daily
operations. They provide online information and
produce a variety of reports to monitor and run the
business

TOPIC 1.3
 Data warehouse is a new paradigm specially intended
to provide vital strategic information.
 In the 1990s, organizations began to achieve
competitive advantage by building data warehouse

EXERCISE
systems.
 WAREHOUSING
THE NEED FOR DATA

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 INTRO
Topic Outline

TOPIC 1.1
 Understand the desperate need for strategic
information
 Recognize the information crisis at every
enterprise

TOPIC 1.2
 Distinguish between operational and
informational systems
 Learn why all past attempts to provide strategic
information failed

TOPIC 1.3
 Clearly see why data warehousing is the viable
solution
 Understand business intelligence for enterprise

EXERCISE
 DATA WAREHOUSING.
ORGANIZATIONS’ USE OF

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION

TOPIC 1.1
• For making decision, executives and managers
need information for the following purposes:
– To get in-depth knowledge of their company’s

TOPIC 1.2
operations
– Review and monitor key performance indicators and
note how these affect one another
– Keep track of how business factors change over time

TOPIC 1.3
– Compare their company’s performance relative to the
competition and to industry benchmarks
• Critical business decision depend on the availability
of proper strategic information in an enterprise

EXERCISE
 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION

TOPIC 1.1
Characteristic of strategic information

TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION

TOPIC 1.1
The information Crisis
• Organization faced two major facts
– Organizations have lots of data
– Information technology resources and systems are not effective

TOPIC 1.2
at turning all that data into useful strategic information
• The large quantities of data are very useful and good for
running the business operation BUT hardly amendable for
use in making decision about business strategic and

TOPIC 1.3
objectives.
• Data needed for strategic decision making must be in a
format that is easily for analysis and allowing the
managers to review data from different business

EXERCISE
viewpoint.
 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION
Technology Trends

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION

TOPIC 1.1
Failures of Past Decision-Support Systems
• Most of the past decision-support system
failed since the users could not clearly define
what they want in the first place

TOPIC 1.2
• Information needed for strategic decision
making has to be available in an interactive
manner

TOPIC 1.3
• The user must be able to query online, get
results and query some more
• The information must be in a format suitable

EXERCISE
for analysis
 ESCALATING NEED FOR

INTRO
STRATEGIC INFORMATION
Failures of Past Decision-Support Systems

TOPIC 1.1
• Most of the past decision-support system
failed since the users could not clearly define
what they want in the first place

TOPIC 1.2
• Information needed for strategic decision
making has to be available in an interactive
manner

TOPIC 1.3
• The user must be able to query online, get
results and query some more
• The information must be in a format suitable

EXERCISE
for analysis
 INTRO
INABILITY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION
Factors relating to the inability to provide strategic information:
• IT receives too many ad hoc requests, resulting in a large overload.

TOPIC 1.1
With limited resources, IT is unable to respond to the numerous
requests in a timely fashion.
• Requests are not only too numerous, they also keep changing all the
time. The users need more reports to expand and understand the

TOPIC 1.2
earlier reports.
• The users find that they get into the spiral of asking for more and
more supplementary reports, so they sometimes adapt by asking for
every possible combination, which only increases the IT load even
further.

TOPIC 1.3
• The users have to depend on IT to provide the information. They are
not able to access the information themselves interactively.
• The information environment ideally suited for making strategic
decision making has to be very flexible and conducive for analysis. IT
has been unable to provide such an environment.

EXERCISE
 INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
Decision Support Systems

TOPIC 1.2
Operational Systems

TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 OPERATIONAL vs.
INFORMATIONAL SYSTEMS

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 Data Warehouse- The Only

INTRO
Viable Solution
A new type of system Environment

TOPIC 1.1
• The desired features of the new type of system environment
are:
– Database designed for analytical tasks

TOPIC 1.2
– Data from multiple applications
– Easy to use and conducive to long interactive sessions by
users
– Read-intensive data usage

TOPIC 1.3
– Direct interaction with the system by the users without IT
assistance
– Content updated periodically and stable
– Content to include current and historical data
– Ability for users to run queries and get results online

EXERCISE
– Ability for users to initiate reports
 Data Warehouse- The Only

INTRO
Viable Solution
Processing Requirements in the

TOPIC 1.1
New Environment
• Four levels of analytical processing requirements:
1. Running of simple queries and reports against

TOPIC 1.2
current and historical data
2. Ability to perform “what if ” analysis is many
different ways

TOPIC 1.3
3. Ability to query, step back, analyze, and then
continue the process to any desired length
4. Spot historical trends and apply them for future
results

EXERCISE
 DATA WAREHOUSE
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

DATA WAREHOUSE DEFINITION

INTRO
Data warehouse is an informational environment

TOPIC 1.1
that
• Provides an integrated and total view of the
enterprise
• Makes the enterprise’s current and historical

TOPIC 1.2
information easily available for decision making
• Makes decision-support transactions possible
without hindering operational systems

TOPIC 1.3
• Renders the organization’s information consistent
• Presents a flexible and interactive source of
strategic information

EXERCISE
 DATA WAREHOUSE

INTRO
• An environment, Not a Product
– A data warehouse is not a single software or hardware

TOPIC 1.1
product you purchase to provide strategic information. It
is, rather, a computing environment where users can find
strategic information, an environment where users are
put directly in touch with the data they need to make

TOPIC 1.2
better decisions. It is a user-centric environment.
• A blend of many technologies
– Take all the data from the operational systems
– Where necessary, include relevant data from outside,

TOPIC 1.3
such as industry benchmark
– indicators
– Integrate all the data from the various sources
– Remove inconsistencies and transform the data

EXERCISE
– Store the data in formats suitable for easy access for
decision making
THE DATA WAREHOUSE:

INTRO
a blend of technologies

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 EVOLUTION OF BUSINESS

INTRO
INTELLIGENCE

TOPIC 1.1
• Business Intelligence
– The system and technologies for
gathering, cleansing, consolidating and

TOPIC 1.2
storing corporate data
– Relates to the tools , techniques and
applications for analyzing the stored

TOPIC 1.3
data
– Composed of two environments:
• Data to Information

EXERCISE
• Information to Knowledge
 BUILDING BLOCKS
DATA WAREHOUSING: THE

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 INTRO
Topic Outline

• Review formal definitions of a data

TOPIC 1.1
warehouse
• Discuss the defining features
• Distinguish between data warehouses and

TOPIC 1.2
data marts
• Review the evolved architectural types

TOPIC 1.3
• Study each components or building block
that makes up a data warehouse
• Introduce metadata and highlight its
significance

EXERCISE
 INTRO
DATA WAREHOUSING

TOPIC 1.1
“A data warehouse is a subject oriented,
integrated, non volatile and time variant
collection of data in support of

TOPIC 1.2
management’s decision” (Bill Inmon, 1996)

“The data in data warehouse is separate,

TOPIC 1.3
available, integrated, time stamped, subject
oriented, nonvolatile and accessible” (Kelly)

EXERCISE
 INTRO
DATA WAREHOUSING

TOPIC 1.1
“The process of transforming data in real-
time information for decision-making process.
It includes techniques, methodologies, or

TOPIC 1.2
tools for data storage into an electronic
repository. Time variant, volatile, and subject
oriented data are collected from multiple

TOPIC 1.3
sources and converted into homogeneous
data, which can be retrieved for analysis and
reports.”

EXERCISE
 INTRO
FEATURES OF DATA
WAREHOUSING

TOPIC 1.1
• Subject-Oriented Data
• Integrated Data

TOPIC 1.2
• Time-Variant Data
• Nonvolatile Data

TOPIC 1.3
• Data Granularity

EXERCISE
 INTRO
Subject-Oriented Data

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
In a data warehouse, data is not stored by operational
applications, but by business subjects
 Integrated Data

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 INTRO
Integrated Data
• Data in data warehouse comes from several

TOPIC 1.1
operational systems. Source data reside in
different database, files and data segments
• Data inconsistencies are removed, data from

TOPIC 1.2
diverse operational applications is transform,
consolidate and integrate
• The item that need to be standardized and

TOPIC 1.3
made consistent:
– Naming conventions, codes, data attributes and
measurements

EXERCISE
 INTRO
Time-Variant Data

TOPIC 1.1
• A data warehouse contain historical
data, not just current values
• The time-variant nature of the data

TOPIC 1.2
in a data warehouse:
– Allow for analysis in the past
– Relates information to the present

TOPIC 1.3
– Enables forecasts for the future

EXERCISE
 INTRO
Nonvolatile Data

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
In a data warehouse, data is not updated or deleted
 INTRO
Data Granularity

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
Data granularity refers to the level of the detail.
Depending on the requirements, multiple levels of

EXERCISE
detail may be present. Many data warehouses have
at least dual levels of granularity.
 INTRO
BUILDING A DATA
WAREHOUSING

TOPIC 1.1
• Questions to be asked:
– Top-down or bottom-up approach?
– Enterprise-wide or departmental?

TOPIC 1.2
– Which first—data warehouse or data
mart?
– Build pilot or go with a full-fledged

TOPIC 1.3
implementation?
– Dependent or independent data marts?

EXERCISE
 INTRO
DATA MARTS
a subset of corporate-wide data that

TOPIC 1.1
is of value to a specific groups of
users. Its scope is confined to
specific, selected groups, such as

TOPIC 1.2
marketing data mart.
 Data Mart: A scaled-down version of the data

TOPIC 1.3
warehouse
 A data mart is a small warehouse designed for the

department level.

EXERCISE
 MARTS
DATA WAREHOUSE VS. DATA

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

Top Down versus Bottom Up

INTRO
Approaches

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Figure Top Down versus Bottom Up Approaches
 Top Down Approach

INTRO
Advantages Disadvantages

TOPIC 1.1
• A truly corporate effort, • Takes longer to build even
an enterprise view of with an iterative method
data • High exposure/risk to
• Inherently architected— failure

TOPIC 1.2
not a union of disparate • Needs high level of cross-
data marts functional skills
• Single, central storage of
• High outlay without proof
data about the content
of concept

TOPIC 1.3
• Centralized rules and
control
• May see quick results if
implemented with
iterations

EXERCISE
 Bottom Up Approach

INTRO
Advantages Disadvantages

TOPIC 1.1
• Faster and easier • Each data mart has its own
implementation of narrow view of data
manageable pieces • Redundant data in every data
• Favorable return on mart

TOPIC 1.2
investment and proof of • Inconsistent and irreconcilable
concept data
• Less risk of failure • Produces unmanageable
• Inherently incremental; interfaces

TOPIC 1.3
can schedule important
data marts first
• Allows project team to
learn and grow

EXERCISE
 A Practical Approach

INTRO
• Most people employ a Hybrid approach

TOPIC 1.1
with elements of Top-Down and Bottom-
Up
• Steps in practical approach are as follows:

TOPIC 1.2
1. Plan and define requirements at the overall
corporate level
2. Create a surrounding architecture for a

TOPIC 1.3
complete warehouse
3. Conform and standardize the data content
4. Implement the data warehouse as a series of

EXERCISE
supermarts, one at a time
 INTRO
Data Warehouse Architectural Types

TOPIC 1.1
• Centralized
• Independent Data Marts
• Federated

TOPIC 1.2
• Hub-And-Spoke
• Data-Mart Bus

TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 INTRO
Data Warehouse Components

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Figure 2-7 Data Warehouse: Building blocks or components
 INTRO
Data Warehouse Components

TOPIC 1.1
• Source Data Component
– Production Data.
– Internal Data.

TOPIC 1.2
– Archived Data.
– External Data.
• Data Staging Component

TOPIC 1.3
– Data Extraction
– Data Transformation.

EXERCISE
– Data Loading.
 INTRO
Data Loading

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Figure 2-8 Data Movements to the Data Warehouse
 INTRO
Data Storage Components

TOPIC 1.1
• Many of the data warehouses also employ
multidimensional database management
systems.

TOPIC 1.2
• Data extracted from the data warehouse
storage is aggregated in many ways and the
summary data is kept in the

TOPIC 1.3
multidimensional databases (MDDBs).
• Such multidimensional database systems
are usually proprietary products.

EXERCISE
 INTRO
Information Delivery Components

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Figure 2-9 Information Delivery Component
 INTRO
Metadata Components

TOPIC 1.1
• Metadata in a data warehouse is similar
to a data dictionary, but much more than
a data dictionary

TOPIC 1.2
• Types of Metadata:
– Operational Metadata

TOPIC 1.3
– Extraction and Transformation Metadata
– End-User Metadata

EXERCISE
 INTRO
Why Meta Data: Special Significance
• First, it acts as the glue that connects

TOPIC 1.1
all parts of the data warehouse.
• Next, it provides information about

TOPIC 1.2
the contents and structures to the
developers.
• Finally, it opens the door to the end-

TOPIC 1.3
users and makes the contents
recognizable in their own terms.

EXERCISE
 WAREHOUSE
TRENDS IN DATA

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 INTRO
Topic Outline

• Review the continued growth in data

TOPIC 1.1
warehousing
• Learn how data warehousing has become

TOPIC 1.2
mainstream
• Discuss several major trends, one by one
• Grasp the need for standards and review

TOPIC 1.3
the progress
• Understand Web-enable data warehouse

EXERCISE
Continued Growth in Data Warehousing

INTRO
Data Warehousing is Becoming Mainstream:

TOPIC 1.1
4 significant factors drove many
companies to move into data

TOPIC 1.2
warehousing:
– Fierce competition
– Government deregulation

TOPIC 1.3
– Need to revamp internal process
– Imperative for customized marketing

EXERCISE
 Data Warehouse Expansion

INTRO
• Earlier data warehouse concentrated

TOPIC 1.1
on keeping summary data for high-
level analysis, but NOW data
warehouses being built by different

TOPIC 1.2
business
• Now companies have the ability to
capture, cleanse, maintain, and use

TOPIC 1.3
the vast amounts of data generated
by their business transactions.

EXERCISE
 Vendor Solutions and Products

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 Significant Trends

INTRO
What must you do to take advantage of the trend in

TOPIC 1.1
your data warehouse?
• Real –Time Data • Data Fusion
Warehousing • Data Integration
• Multiple Data Types • Analytics

TOPIC 1.2
– Adding Unstructured Data. • Agent Technology
– Searching unstructured
• Syndicated Data
Data
–
• Active Data Warehousing
Spatial Data.

TOPIC 1.3
• Data Visualization
• Parallel Processing
• Data Warehouse Appliances
• Query Tools

EXERCISE
• Browser Tools
Real Time Data Warehousing

INTRO
• Real time data warehousing is dynamic , proving

TOPIC 1.1
the most up-to-date view of business in real
time. A real time data warehousing gets
refreshed continuously, with almost zero

TOPIC 1.2
latency.
• Real time information delivery increase
productivity tremendously by sharing

TOPIC 1.3
information with more people.
• However extraction, transformation, and
integration of data for real-time data warehouse
has several challenges.

EXERCISE
 Multiple Data Type

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 Multiple Data Type

INTRO
• Adding Unstructured Data

TOPIC 1.1
– Some vendors are addressing the inclusion of
unstructured data, especially text and images, by
treating such multimedia data as just another data type.
These are defined as part of the relational data and

TOPIC 1.2
stored as binary large objects (BLOBs) up to 2 GB in size.
User-defined functions (UDFs) are used to define these
as user-defined types (UDTs).
– Not all BLOBs can be stored simply as another relational

TOPIC 1.3
data type. For example, a video clip would require a
server supporting delivery of multiple streams of video
at a given rate and synchronization with the audio
portion. For this purpose, specialized servers are being
provided.

EXERCISE
 Multiple Data Type

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
• Searching Unstructured Data
– without the ability to search unstructured data,
integration of such data is of little value.

TOPIC 1.2
– Vendors are now providing new search engines to
find the information the user needs from
unstructured data. Query by image content is an
example of a search mechanism for images. The

TOPIC 1.3
product allows to pre-index images based on
shapes, colors, and textures. When more than
one image fits the search argument, the selected
images are displayed one after the other.

EXERCISE
 Multiple Data Type

INTRO
• Spatial Data

TOPIC 1.1
– Adding spatial data will greatly enhance
the value of the data warehouse. Address,
street block, city quadrant, county, state,

TOPIC 1.2
and zone are examples of spatial data.
– Some database vendors are providing
spatial extenders to their products using

TOPIC 1.3
SQL extensions to bring spatial and
business data together.

EXERCISE
 Data Visualization

INTRO
• Helps user the user to interpret query results quickly and easily
•

TOPIC 1.1
Major Visualization Trends
– More chart types
– Interactive Visualization
– Visualization of complex and large result sets
• Visualization Types – current visualization software now supports a large array
of chart types ( pie, bar chart, scatter plots & constellation graphs)

TOPIC 1.2
• Advanced Visualization Techniques
– Chart Manipulation
– Drill Down
– Advanced Interaction
• Dashboards and Scorecards

TOPIC 1.3
– Dashboards : monitor and measures processes. A dashboard provides real time
information that warn users with alerts or extension conditions.
– Scorecards : track progress compared to objectives. It display periodic snapshots of
performance viewed against an organization’s strategic objectives and targets.

EXERCISE
 Parallel Processing

INTRO
• Parallel Processing Hardware Options.

TOPIC 1.1
– multiple CPUs, memory modules, one or more server
nodes, and high-speed communication links between
interconnected nodes.
• Parallel Processing Software Implementation.

TOPIC 1.2
– Parallel processing software must be capable of performing
the following steps:
• Analyzing a large task to identify independent units that can be
executed in parallel

TOPIC 1.3
• Identifying which of the smaller units must be executed one after
the other
• Executing the independent units in parallel and the dependent
units in the proper sequence
• Collecting, collating, and consolidating the results returned by the

EXERCISE
smaller units
 Parallel Processing

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 Parallel Processing

INTRO
Advantages when adopting parallel processing in data

TOPIC 1.1
warehouse:
• Performance improvement for query processing,
data loading, and index creation

TOPIC 1.2
• Scalability, allowing the addition of CPUs and
memory modules without any changes to the
existing application
• Fault tolerance so that the database would be

TOPIC 1.3
available even when some of the parallel
processors fail
• Single logical view of the database even though the

EXERCISE
data may reside on the disks of multiple nodes
 Data Warehouse Appliance

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
• Data warehouse appliance is designed
specifically to take care the workload
of business intelligence

TOPIC 1.2
• It integrates hardware, software,
storage and DBMS into one unified
device

TOPIC 1.3
• For administrator, a data warehouse
appliance provides simplicity because

EXERCISE
of its integrated nature
 Query Tools

INTRO
Flexible presentation

TOPIC 1.1
Aggregate awareness

TOPIC 1.2
Crossing subject areas

Multiple heterogeneous sources

TOPIC 1.3
Integration

Overcoming SQL limitations

EXERCISE
 Browser Tools

INTRO
Some recent trends in enhancements to browser tools:

TOPIC 1.1
• Tools are extensible to allow definition of any type of
data or informational object
• Open APIs (application program interfaces) are included
• Several types of browsing functions including

TOPIC 1.2
navigation through hierarchical groupings
• Users able to browse the catalog (data dictionary or
metadata), find an informational object of interest, and
proceed further to launch the appropriate query tool

TOPIC 1.3
with the relevant parameters
• Applying Web browsing and search techniques to
browse through the information catalogs

EXERCISE
 Data Fusion

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
• Data fusion is a technology dealing
with the merging of data from
disparate sources.

TOPIC 1.2
• It has a wider scope and includes real-
time merging of data from
instruments and monitoring systems

TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Data Integration

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
4 different levels in an

TOPIC 1.2
information system
• Data Integration
• Application Integration
• Business Process Integration

TOPIC 1.3
• User Interaction Intergration

EXERCISE
 Analytics

INTRO
Two area of analysis:

TOPIC 1.1
• Multidimensional Analysis
• Be able to analyze business measurements in
many different ways

TOPIC 1.2
• OLAP
• Predictive Analytics
• Assist the organizations by improving their
understanding of their customer behavior by

TOPIC 1.3
optimizing their business processes, by
enabling them to anticipate problems before
they arise and by helping them to recognize
opportunities well ahead of time

EXERCISE
 Agent Technology

INTRO
• A software agent : a program that is

TOPIC 1.1
capable of performing a predefined
programmable task on behalf of the
user

TOPIC 1.2
• In data warehouse : software agents is
use to alert users to predefined

TOPIC 1.3
business conditions.

EXERCISE
 Data Warehouse and ERP

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO

 Data Warehouse and Knowledge

INTRO
Management (KM)

TOPIC 1.1
TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
Knowledge Management (KM) : a systematic process for capturing,
integrating,
organizing and communicating knowledge.
 Others significance trends..

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
• Data warehouse and CRM
• Agile Development
• Active Data Warehousing

TOPIC 1.2
TOPIC 1.3
EXERCISE
 Emergence of Standards

INTRO
In each of the multitude of technologies supporting

TOPIC 1.1
the data warehouse, numerous vendors and products
exist. The implication is that when building a data
warehouse, many choices are available to create an
effective solution with the best-of-breed products.

TOPIC 1.2
• Metadata : Two separate bodies are working on the
standards for metadata
– Meta Data Coalition.: Microsoft ++

TOPIC 1.3
– The Object Management Group. : Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-
Packard, Sun, and Unisys sought
• OLAP : The OLAP Council was established in January
1995.

EXERCISE
 Emergence of Standards

INTRO
In each of the multitude of technologies supporting

TOPIC 1.1
the data warehouse, numerous vendors and products
exist. The implication is that when building a data
warehouse, many choices are available to create an
effective solution with the best-of-breed products.

TOPIC 1.2
• Metadata : Two separate bodies are working on the
standards for metadata
– Meta Data Coalition.: Microsoft ++

TOPIC 1.3
– The Object Management Group. : Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-
Packard, Sun, and Unisys sought
• OLAP : The OLAP Council was established in January
1995.

EXERCISE
 Web-Enable Data Warehouse

INTRO
TOPIC 1.1
• The Warehouse to the Web
• The Web to the Warehouse (Webhouse)
– The Webhouse can produce the following useful information:
• Site statistics

TOPIC 1.2
• Visitor conversions
• Ad metrics
• Referring partner links
• Site navigation resulting in orders

TOPIC 1.3
• Site navigation not resulting in orders
• Pages that are session killers
• Relationships between customer profiles and page activities
• Best customer and worst customer analysis
• The Web-Enabled Configuration

EXERCISE
 INTRO
DW 2.0

TOPIC 1.1
The advantages of the DW 2.0 architecture include the ability to:

Hold data at the lowest detail,

Hold data to infinity,

TOPIC 1.2
Not cost huge amounts of money,

Have integrity of data and still have online high-performance

transaction processing,

TOPIC 1.3
Link structured data and unstructured data,

Tightly couple metadata to the data warehouse environment and

Support different kinds of processing without sacrificing response time.

EXERCISE
 EXERCISE

EXERCISE TOPIC 1.3 TOPIC 1.2 TOPIC 1.1 INTRO