EE-371

LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS

“CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING”

Instructor: Dr. Farid Gul

Electrical Engineering Department

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Transfer Functions for
Rotational Mechanical
Systems

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 Mechanical Rotational Systems
The mechanical rotational systems are treated in the same way as the
mechanical translational systems with the following changes:
• Mass (M) is replaced by moment of inertia (J)
• Force (F) is replaced by Torque (T)
• Displacement ‘X’ by angular displacement ‘θ’

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 Examples
Mechanical Rotational Systems -
Applications

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5
6
7
Example 2.19

Physical system

Schematic

Block diagram

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 Final free-body
diagram for J1

Torques on J1 due only Torques on J1 due only

 
J1s 2  D1s  K 1 ( s)  K 2 ( s )  T ( s )
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 Final free-body
diagram for J2
Torques on J2 due only Torques on J2 due only
to the motion of J2 to the motion of J1

 2

 K1 ( s )  J 2 s  D2 s  K  2 ( s )  0
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  1  D1s  K 1 (s)  K2 (s)  T (s)
J s 2

 K1 ( s)   J 2 s 2  D2 s  K  2 ( s)  0



 J1s 2  D1s  K  K   ( s )  T ( s) 
 1    

 K  2

  ( s
J 2 s  D2 s  K   2  ) 0 

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 

 J1s 2  D1s  K  K   ( s )  T ( s) 
 1    

 K  2

  ( s
J 2 s  D2 s  K   2  ) 0 

 J1s 2  D1s  K  K  AB  C
A 
  J 2 s  D2 s  K  1
BA C
2
 K
 ( s )  T ( s ) 
B   1 ; C 
 2 ( s )   0 

syms s J1 D1 K T J2 D2 theta1 theta2;

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%Example 2.19

syms s J1 D1 K T J2 D2 theta1 theta2;

B=inv(A)*C; K/(D1*K*s + D2*K*s + D1*D2*s^2 + D1*J2*s^3 + D2*J1*s^3 +

G1 = theta2/T; G2 =
G2 = theta1/T;
'G1'; G1 (J2*s^2 + D2*s + K)/(D1*K*s + D2*K*s + D1*D2*s^2 +
'G2'; G2 D1*J2*s^3 + D2*J1*s^3 + J1*J2*s^4 + J1*K*s^2 + J2*K*s^2)

K
G1 

s J1 J 2 s 3  ( D1 J 2  D2 J1 ) s 2  ( D1 D2  J1 K  J 2 K )s  ( D1 K  D2 K ) 
J 2 s 2  D2 s  K
G2 

s J1 J 2 s 3  ( D1 J 2  D2 J1 ) s 2  ( D1 D2  J1 K  J 2 K ) s  ( D1 K  D2 K )  13
%Example 2.19

syms s J1 D1 K T J2 D2 theta1 theta2;

J1=1; J2=1, D1=1; D2=1;K=1;

A=[(J1*s^2+D1*s+K) -K; -K (J2*s^2+D2*s+K)];

B=inv(A)*C;
theta1=B(1); G1 = 1/(s4 + 2s3 + 3s2 + 2s)
theta2=B(2);

G1 = theta2/T;
G2 = theta1/T; G2 = (s2 + s + 1)/(s4 + 2s3 + 3s2 + 2s)
'G1'; G1
'G2'; G2

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 Home Assignment # 1
Find the following transfer functions for the three degree of
freedom system shown in the figure. Write a matlab code for
finding the solution. Evaluate the transfer function for D1=1;
D2=2; D3=3; J1=0; J2=4; J3=5, and K=6
1 ( s)
G1 ( s ) 
T (s)
 (s) Submit on Monday, 13
G2 ( s )  2
T ( s) Jan, 2023
3 ( s)
G3 ( s) 
T (s)

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Transfer Functions for Systems
with Gears

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N 1 T1  2
 
N 2 T2  1
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A gear system

r11  r2 2

r1  2

r2 1

N1  2

N 2 1

T1  2

T2 1
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Transfer functions for
a. angular displacement in lossless gears and
b. torque in lossless gears
N 1 T1  2
 
N 2 T2  1
N1
2  1
N2

N2
T2  T1
N1
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Which system has More Torque
Less Speed? Why?

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 N 1 T1  2 N2
   T2  T1
N 2 T2  1 N1

 
T2  Js 2  Ds  K  2
Gears Eliminated

(a) Rotational system driven by gears (b) Equivalent system at the output
(input torque reflected to output)
N1
T1  T2
N2
d 2 2 d
T2  J 2  D 2  K 2  N1 
dt dt  also  2  1 
 N2 
2
 N 1   d 21 d 1 
 T1    J 2 D  K 1 
 N 2   dt dt  Gears Eliminated
2
 N1 
or T1   2

 Js  Ds  K  1  (c) Equivalent system at the input 21
 N2  (impedances reflected to input)
Example 2.21
system after reflection of torques
and impedance to the output shaft

Rotational mechanical system with gears

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 N2  N 
J e  J1  T1 ( s)  2   ( J e s 2  De s  K e ) 2 ( s )
  J2  N1 
 N1 
2
N 
De  D1  2   D2
 N1 
block diagram
Ke  K2

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Gear train
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a. System using a gear train;
b. equivalent system reflected at the input;
c. block diagram

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???
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