KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC

COURSE OF ICT
(INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY)

Prepared by :
Lionel IRADUKUNDA
 COURSE OUTLINE
CHAP1:BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS

• 1.1 Basic computer hardware components

• 1.2 Basic functions of a Windows operating system.
• 1.3 Start up, log on, and shut down a computer system
properly
• 1.4 Use a mouse pointing device and keyboard
• 1.5 Identify and use icons (folders, files).
• 1.6 Minimize, maximize and move windows
 CHAP2:Proficiency in Using Productivity Software

• 2.1 Create documents of various types and save in a

desired location
• 2.2 Retrieve an existing document from the saved location
• 2.3 Select, copy, and paste text in a document or desired
location
• 2.4 Print a document 
• 2.5 Name, rename and delete files or folders
• 2.6 Understand and know how to use the following types
of software programs:
– 2.6.1 Microsoft office word 2007(Word Processors)
– 2.6.2 Microsoft office excel 2007(Spreadsheets)
– 2.6.3 Microsoft office power point 2007(Presentation)
 CHAP3:INTERNET

3.1 Internet
3.2 Web browser
3.3 Download files and images from a Web page
with a web browser and to save it on the
difference location to the computer
3.4 To create Email account and to know how to
use it.
CHAP1:BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS
•1.1 Basic computer hardware components
1.1.1 Definitions
•Computer is defined as an electronic machine which gets input from the user,
processes the data and produces the result as the output. Computer can be
expanded as 
•C – Commonly,O – Operating ,M – Machine ,P – Particularly ,U – Used for ,T – Trade
and ,E – Educational,R – Research
•Hardware: A computer is an electronic device which executes the instructions in a
program. A computer has four functions: input, process data, produce output and
store results. This is sometimes referred to as the information processing cycle. All
the items shown in the picture below (monitor, CD-Rom drive, floppy disk drive,
speaker, mouse and keyboard) are called hardware. Any part of the computer which
you can physically touch is known as hardware.
• 
• 1.1.2 Hardware composed with three parts: Input
device and output device, storage device
• Input devices are the hardware parts which help the
computer to enter information into the computer,
ex:keyboad,mouse ,scanner.
• Output devices are the hardware parts which help the
computer to display the information become from the
computer,ex:Monintor ,Speaker,printer,Microphone.
• Storage devices are the hardware parts which help the
computer to store the information :hard disk is a device
of a computer used to store the data permanently ;
RAM(Random Access Memory) is a device of the
computer used to store the data temporary.
 Assignment(1)
• 1.what is a computer?/10 lines
• 2.what is hardware?/10 lines
• 3.Explain in using the examples(4) the difference
parts of the hardware you know?/10 lines
• 4.Describe the importance of to know ICT?/30lines
• 5.Demonstrate the difference between RAM and
hard disk?/10 lines
• 6.can a computer run without hardware?
 1.2 Basic functions of a windows operating system.

• 1.2.1 Definitions
• Software is the program used by the computer to perform
the task request by a user or inform the hardware what to
do.Software has two parts application software and system
software
• Application software are the programs used by a user
stored into the computer. Example of antivirus,Microsoft
office, Ashampoo Burning …
• System software are the programs which are bridge
between hardware and software (called operating system)
ex: Microsoft wondows xp,Microsoft windows 7,vista…
 1.2.2 Operating system
• An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages
computer hardware resources and provides common services for
computer programs, Without an operating system, a computer is
useless.
1.2.3 The Operating System's Job
• You've probably heard the phrase boot your computer, but do you
know what that means? Booting is the process that occurs when you
press the power button to turn your computer on. During this process
(which may take a minute or two), the computer does several things:
• It runs tests to make sure everything is working correctly.
• It checks for new hardware.
• It then starts up the operating system.
1.2.3Starts up picture of the operating system
• Once the operating system has started up, it
manages all of the software and hardware on
the computer. Most of the time, there are
many different programs running at the same
time, and they all need to access your
computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU),
memory, and storage. The operating system
coordinates all of this to make sure that each
program gets what it needs. Without the
operating system, the software wouldn't even
be able to talk to the hardware, and the
computer would be useless.
1.2.4 The picture after to open the computer with
operating system windows 7
 Assignment(2)
• 1. what is software?
• 2.Explain in using the difference between hardware and
software?
• 3.Explain the four functions of a computer?
• 4. why the windows7 becomes the manager of a
computer?
• 5.Give 10 examples of the application software you
know and explain its function into the computer?
• 6.Give 3 examples of the system software you know
• 7.can a computer run without software?
 1.3 Start up, Log on, and Shut down a computer system properly

• 1.3.1 Start up(Log on ) a computer

• Before to perform any thing as task to the computer as user you must
begin by to start the computer.
• To start is to switch on the computer in pressing the switch on/off button
find to the cpu.
• To wait the processing of opening to the computer be done by the
operating system you have into the computer without to press any where
as the keys you have to the keyboard.
• After the computer becomes to be opened and the displaying of the
desktop where you find the icons to be used as shown on the previous
slides.
• 1.3.2 shut down(log off) a computer system
properly
• To shut down the computer is to close the
computer after to finish to use it.
• Click start->shut down and wait the computer
becomes to be closed.
 1.4 Use a mouse pointing device and keyboard

• 1.4.1 Using the mouse

• The mouse is the most important input device and you need to be able to use it correctly. Almost
all mouse devices come with two buttons (referred to as left-hand and right-hand buttons) as
shown in the picture below.
•  
• There are a few basic skills required to use a mouse effectively.
•  
• Pointing
• Sliding the mouse on the mouse pad moves the pointer on the screen. Rest your hand on the
mouse, move it slowly around the mouse pad, and see what happens to the arrow on the
screen. Control the movement of the arrow or pointer.
•  
• Clicking
• Gently pressing either of the two buttons on the mouse is one way to give the computer a
command to do something. This is called clicking. There are two types of clicking. A single click is
where you press the left-hand button once, while double clicking involves clicking the button
twice in quick succession.
• Clicking the left-hand button once and holding down
• This is perhaps the most common way for users to give instructions or commands to the computer. It is also used to select a word
to change its font.
• Clicking the right-hand button once
• This always opens a shortcut menu which allows you to select from a range of tasks.
• Left hand button
• Right hand button
•   
•  
•  
•  
•

•  
•  

• Using the mouse (practice tasks)

•  
• To hold the mouse, turn your hand palm-upwards. Place the mouse in the palm of your hand (see picture below). Place your
thumb and small finger on either side, then grip the mouse softly with these two fingers.
• Then turn your palm downwards and place the mouse and the base of your palm on the table top (picture - bottom left). Your
thumb and small finger should continue to lightly grip the mouse - just the fleshy part where your fingerprint is should make
contact. The tip of your pointing finger (index finger) should rest lightly on the left mouse button.
• Your fingers should point in the same direction as the mouse "tail" or chord (picture - bottom right)
•      
•  1(example of using a mouse ) section of text in using a muse(click left-hand button once and hold down and select section of
text)
•  
• 2(example of using a mouse).Cutting a word from a sentence in using a muse
(double click left-hand button on the word which you want to cut, then click the
right-hand button once and choose the cut command)
•  
1.4.2 Keyboard
The keyboard is the input device which used to enter information into the computer in clicking the
numeric keys, alphanumeric keys, Command keys, Cursor keys or else Function keys according to the
function you need to ask your computer and you wait the response to be displayed on the monitor.
There exist many types of keyboard. The type of a keyboard depends on language that had been used to
manufacture the keyboard.
For example we have:
The AZERTY keyboard (French) because the layout of the first six letters on the
Keyboard is: A; Z; E; R; T; Y.
The QWERTY keyboard (English) because the layout of the first six letters on the keyboard is: Q; W; E; R; T; Y.
 
Different types of keyboards:
The keyboard with 83 keys
The keyboard with 84 keys
The keyboard with 102 keys, named as extended keyboard.
The keyboard with 105 keys, compatible with Microsoft Windows.
 1.5 Identify and use icons (folders, files).
Those are the pictures of a file and folder

• Icon is the representation of the image or sign on the desktop.

• Folder is the directory of the database to store the file.
• File is the organization of the report which is together.
• The difference between folder and file is that, one folder can compose many files, you can
store many files in one folder.
• To create the folder :Right click hand button of the mouse ->new->folder->rename your
folder.
• To create the file :after to work in one kind of the Microsoft office ->office button->save or
save as -> choose file name->save.
 1.6 Minimize, maximize and move windows

• Minimize is the process a user make when to work in

a small windows is needed.
• Maximize is the process a user needed when
biggest windows is needed
• Move windows is the process of to budge it on the
screen when a user is need to process in that way.
 Assignment(3)
• 1.What is the difference between single click and
double click?/5lines
• 2.The difference between file and folder?/5 lines
• 3.Describe the distinction between AZERTY and
QWERTY keyboard?/5 lines
• 4. Explain the process to minimize ,maximize and
move the windows?/5lines
• 5.Give the examples(5) of tasks the right click
hand button can help you to perform?/10 lines
 CHAP2:Proficiency in Using Productivity
Software
• 2.1 Create and save document a in a desired location
• When working on a computer, it is important that you save your work
regularly in a specified location.
• After to make the document an example in Microsoft office word to save it in
desired location follow the steps bellow:
• Click office button->save/save as->in File name fill the name of your
document-> choose the location an example of Desktop click on it or Local
disk(c) or Documents->click save your work becomes to be saved.
• 2.1.1 Create a folder to save your work into
• Double click on one of the drives into which you want to save your work (local
disk (C:) or local disk (D:),desktop,Documents and create a new folder. Click on
“File”, “New”, and then “Folder”, then click once and a new folder is created.
• In saving the works into that folder, in choosing the desired location where
your folder is located ->click on the folder after to be opened-> click save.
 2.2 Retrieve an existing document from the saved location

• After to save and you need to open your

documents again.
• First of all remember where the work is saved.
• Go to the location(Desktop,Documents…)
• Click on the file or the folder where the work is
saved.
• An example in MS.word :click office button->open-
> click the location(Desktop,Documents)you find
your file or folder.
 2.3 Select, copy, and paste text in a document or
desired location
To copy : select a text is to drag with the mouse still the text is selected right
click->choose copy
To paste: go to the desire location :click right click choose paste.
 2.3 Print a document
After to make the document and you need to print to become in hard copy .
Click office button->print->the name of the printer connect to the computer
become like to box bellow->select the conditions needed ->ok.
 2.4 Name, rename and delete files or folders
Name a file or a folder is to give the address of that file or
folder known in the computer.
Rename is to change the name of the file or folder on the
second or the third occasion...
Delete a file or a folder is to remove it to the computer.right
click on it ->choose delete
2.6 Understand and know how to use the
following types of software programs:

2.6.1 Microsoft office word 2007

Definition:MS word 2007 is a software that is capable

of creating, storing, and printing professional
documents such as letters or reports... looks like the
picture bellow :
 Parts of the MS Word Screen
• The Microsoft Office Button
In the upper-left corner of the Word 2007 window is the Microsoft Office button.
When you click the button, a menu appears. You can use the menu to create a
new file, open an existing file, save a file, and perform many other tasks.
• The Quick Access Toolbar
Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick Access
toolbar provides you with access to commands you frequently use. By default
Save, Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to
save your file, Undo to rollback an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an
action you have rolled back.
• The Title Bar
Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar. The Title bar displays the title of
the document on which you are currently working. Word names the first new
document you open Document1. As you open additional new documents, Word
names them sequentially. When you save your document, you assign the
document a new name.
• The Ribbon
You use commands to tell Microsoft Word what to do. In Microsoft Word
2007, you use the Ribbon to issue commands. The Ribbon is located near
the top of the screen, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the
Ribbon are several tabs; clicking a tab displays several related command
groups. Within each group are related command buttons. You click
buttons to issue commands or to access menus and dialog boxes. You
may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right corner of a group.
Clicking the dialog box launcher gives you access to additional commands
via a dialog box.
• The Ruler
The ruler is found below the Ribbon.

You can use the ruler to change the format of your document quickly. If your ruler
is not visible, follow the steps listed here:
1. Click the View tab to choose it.
2. Click the check box next to Ruler in the Show/Hide group. The ruler appears below
the Ribbon.
• The Text Area
Just below the ruler is a large area called the text area. You type your document in the text
area. The blinking vertical line in the upper-left corner of the text area is the cursor. It marks
the insertion point. As you type, your text displays at the cursor location. The horizontal line
next to the cursor marks the end of the document.

• The Vertical and Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars

The vertical and horizontal scroll bars enable you to move up, down, and across your window
simply by dragging the icon located on the scroll bar. The vertical scroll bar is located along
the right side of the screen. The horizontal scroll bar is located just above the status bar. To
move up and down your document, click and drag the vertical scroll bar up and down. To
move back and forth across your document, click and drag the horizontal scroll bar back and
forth. You won't see a horizontal scroll bar if the width of your document fits on your screen.
• The Status Bar
The Status bar appears at the very bottom of your window and provides such
information as the current page and the number of words in your document. You
can change what displays on the Status bar by right-clicking on the Status bar and
selecting the options you want from the Customize Status Bar menu. You click a
menu item to select it. You click it again to deselect it. A check mark next to an
item means it is selected.
AN EXAMPLE OF WORKING WITH TABLES
• Introduction
A table is a grid of cells arranged in rows and columns. Tables can be
customized and are useful for various tasks such as presenting text
information and numerical data. 
• To Insert a Blank Table:
• Place your insertion point in the document where you want the table to
appear.
• Select the Insert tab.
• Click the Table command.
• Drag your mouse over the diagram squares to select the number of
columns and rows in the table.
• Left-click your mouse and the table appears in the document.
• Enter text into the table.
To Apply a Table Style:
• Select the table. A Table Tools Design tab now appears on the Ribbon.
• Select the Design tab to access all the Table Styles and Options.
• Click through the various styles in the Table Styles section.
• Left-click a style to select it. The table style will appear in the document.
• You can modify which table styles are displayed. In the Table Styles Options you
can select and deselect various table options. For example, you can select Banded
Rows and only tables with banded rows will appear in the Tables Styles section.
• Want to have a little more creative freedom when it comes to formatting your
tables? You can manually change the table border or shading, change line weight,
or erase part of the table.
 Auto-format Example

To Add a Column:
• Place the insertion point in a column adjacent to the location you wish the new column to
appear.
• Right-click the mouse. A menu appears.
• Select Insert >  Insert Columns to the Left or Insert Columns to the Right. A new column
appears.
 
To Delete a Row or Column:
• Select the row or column.
• Right-click your mouse and a menu appears.
• Select Delete Columns or Delete Rows.
 Working with images
Word 2007 allows you to insert illustrations and pictures into a document.  To
insert illustrations:
• Place your cursor in the document where you want the illustration/picture
• Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon
• Click the Clip Art Button
• The dialog box will open on the screen and you can search for clip art.
• Choose the illustration you wish to include
To insert a picture:
• Place your cursor in the document where you want the illustration/picture
• Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon
• Click the Picture Button
• Browse to the picture you wish to include
• Click the Picture
• Click Insert
Other Common types of images
• Word Art
• Chart
Common Graphics Manipulation
Resizing
• All graphics can be resized by clicking the image and clicking one corner of the
image and dragging the cursor to the size you want the picture.

Text Wrap
• This involves flowing text around the object.
 Modifying the page layout
Changing your document size and orientation:
• Open the Page Layout Tab
• The Page Setup group allows you to change orientation, size and no of columns
• Page margins can be adjusted using the ruler
• We are able to divide our document into columns from this section

• Headers and Footers

• The header is a section of the document that appears in the top
margin, while the footer is a section of the document that appears
in the bottom margin.
• Footnotes and End notes
 2.6.2 MICROSOFT OFFICE EXCEL 2007

• Excel 2007 is the spreadsheet software in the

Microsoft 2007 Office Suite. It allows you to
store, organize, and analyze numerical and
text data.
 Introduction
• Spreadsheet
Alternatively referred to as a worksheet, a
spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and
columns that are used to sort data and allow a
user to manipulate and arrange data easily,
commonly numerical data. What makes a
spreadsheet software program most unique is
its ability to calculate values using mathematical
formulas and the data in the cells.
• Click Create. A new, blank workbook appears in the window.

• To Insert Text:
– Left-click a cell to select it. Each rectangle in the worksheet is called a cell. As
you select a cell, the cell address appears in the Name Box. The text appears
in the cell and in the formula bar.
• Each cell has a name, or a cell address based on
the column and row it is in. For example, this cell is C3
since it is where column C and row 3 intersect.
• To Edit or Delete Text:
• Select the cell.
• Press the Backspace key on your keyboard to delete text
and make a correction.
• Press the Delete key to delete the entire contents of a cell.

• You can also make changes to and delete text from the formula bar. Just select
the cell and place your insertion point in the formula bar.
• To Move Through a Worksheet Using the Keyboard:
• Press the Tab key to move to the right of the selected cell.
• Press the Shift key and then the Tab key to move to the left of the selected cell.
• Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to navigate the worksheet.
• Use the arrow keys.
• To Save the Workbook:
• Left-click the Microsoft Office Button.
• Select Save or Save As.
• Save As allows you to name the file and choose a location to save the
spreadsheet. Choose Save As if you'd like to save the file for the first time
or if you'd like to save the file as a different name.
• Select Save if the file has already been named.
• To Modify Column Width:
– Position the cursor over the column line in the column heading and a double arrow will appear.
– Left-click the mouse and drag the cursor to the right to increase the column width or to
the left to decrease the column width.
– Release the mouse button.
OR 
– Left-click the column heading of a column you'd like to modify. The entire column will
appear highlighted.

• To Modify the Row Height:

– Position the cursor over the row line you want to modify and a double arrow will appear. 
• To Insert Rows:
– Select the row below where you want the new row to appear.
– Click the Insert command in the Cells group on the Home tab. The row will appear. The new row
always appears above the selected row. Make sure that you select the entire row below where you
want the new row to appear and not just the cell. If you select just the cell and then click Insert, only
a new cell will appear.
• To Insert Columns:
– Select the column to the right of where you want the column to appear.
– Click the Insert command in the Cells group on the Home tab. The column will appear.
– The new column always appears to the left of the selected column. For example, if you want to insert
a column between September and October, select the October column and click the Insert command.
Make sure that you select the entire column to the right of where you want the new column to
appear and not just the cell. If you select just the cell and then click Insert, only a new cell will
appear.
• To Change the Font Style (Refer to font formatting in MS Word)
– Change properties like font, font style, color, size,
• To Add a Border:
– Select the cell or cells you want to format.
– Click the drop-down arrow next to the Borders command on the Home tab. A menu will appear with border options. Left
click an option to select it.

• To add a Fill Color:

– Select the cell or cells you want to format.
– Click the Fill command. A color palette will appear.
– Select a color.
• To Format Numbers and Dates:
– Select the cell or cells you want to format.
– Left-click the drop-down arrow next to the Number Format box.
– Select one of the options for formatting numbers.
By default, the numbers appear in the General category, which means there is no
special formatting.
In the Number group, you have some other options. For example, you can change the
U.S. dollar sign to another currency format, numbers to percents, add commas, and
change the decimal location.
Using Cell References
– As you can see, there are many ways to create a simple formula in
Excel. Most likely you will choose one of the methods that enters
the cell address into the formula, rather than an actual number. The
cell address is basically the name of the cell and can be found in the
Name Box.
– When a cell address is used as part of a formula, this is called a cell
reference. It is called a cell reference because instead of entering
specific numbers into a formula, the cell address refers to a specific
cell. The following example uses cell references in the formula in
C30.
• It is important to know how to move information from
one cell to another in Excel. Learning the various ways
will save you time and make working with Excel easier.
Certain methods are more appropriate depending on
how much information you need to cut, copy, paste, as
well as drag and drop.
• To Copy and Paste Cell Contents:
– Select the cell or cells you wish to copy.
– Click the Copy command in the Clipboard group on the Home tab.
The border of the selected cells will change appearance.
– Select the cell or cells where you want to paste the information.
– Click the Paste command. The copied information will now appear
in the new cells.
 Calculations and analysis of numerical data using MS Excel
Excel can be used to calculate and analyze numerical information. A formula is an
equation that performs a calculation using values in the worksheet using mathematical
operators such as the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division signs.
To Create a Simple Formula that Adds Two Numbers:
– Click the cell where the formula will be defined (C6, for example).
– Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.
– Type the first number to be added (e.g., 200,000)
– Type the addition sign (+) to let Excel know that an add operation is to be
performed.
– Type the second number to be added (e.g., 100,000)
– Press Enter or click the Enter button on the Formula bar to complete the
formula.
To Create a Simple Formula that Adds the Contents of Two Cells:
– Click the cell where the answer will appear (C5, for example).
– Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.
– Type the cell number that contains the first number to be added (C3, for
example).
– Type the addition sign (+) to let Excel know that an add operation is to be
performed.
– Type the cell address that contains the second number to be added (C4, for
example).
– Press Enter or click the Enter button on the Formula bar to complete the
formula.
• To Create a Simple Formula using the Point
and Click Method:
–Click the cell where the answer will appear (C22, for example).
–Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.
–Click on the first cell to be included in the formula (C5, for example).
–Type the subtraction sign (-) to let Excel know that a subtraction
operation is to be performed.
– Click on the next cell in the formula (C20, for example)
– Press Enter or click the Enter button on the Formula bar to complete
the formula.
• Same operations apply to multiplication (*) and division (/)
 The Order of Operations
• Simple formulas have one mathematical operation. Complex
formulas involve more than one mathematical operation.
– Simple Formula: =2+2 
– Complex Formula: =2+2*8
To calculate complex formulas correctly, you must perform certain operations
before others. This is defined in the order of operations.
•The order of mathematical operations is very important. If you enter a
formula that contains several operations, Excel knows to work those
operations in a specific order. The order of operations is:
1. Operations enclosed in parenthesis
2. Exponential calculations (to the power of)
3. Multiplication and division, whichever comes first
4. Addition and subtraction, whichever comes first
• A mnemonic that can help you remember this
is Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (P.E.M.D.A.S).
• Example 1
– Using this order, let us see how the formula 20/(8-4)*8-2 is calculated in the following breakdown:

• Example 2
3+3*2=?
– Is the answer 12 or 9? Well, if you calculated in the order in which the numbers appear, 3+3*2, you'd
get the wrong answer, 12. You must follow the order of operations to get the correct answer.
•  To Calculate the Correct Answer:
– Calculate 3*2 first because multiplication comes before addition in the order of operations. The
answer is 6.
– Add the answer obtained in step #1, which is 6, to the number 3 that opened the equation. In other
words, add 3 + 6.
– The answer is 9.
 Writing complex equations
Excel automatically follows a standard order of operations in a complex formula. If
you want a certain portion of the formula to be calculated first, put it in parentheses.
• Example of How to Write a Complex Formula:
– Click the cell where you want the formula result to appear. In this example, H6.
– Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.
– Type an open parenthesis, or (
– Click on the first cell to be included in the formula (G6, for example).
– Type the addition sign (+) to let Excel know that an add operation is to be performed.
– Click on the second cell in the formula (G7, for example)
– Type a close parentheses ).
– Type the next mathematical operator, or the division symbol (/) to let Excel know that a division
operation is to be performed.
– Type an open parenthesis, or (
– Click on the third cell to be included in the formula (D6, for example).
– Type the addition sign (+) to let Excel know that an add operation is to be performed.
– Click on the fourth cell to be included in formula. (D7, for example).
– Type a close parentheses ).
 Printing in Excel
• To View the Spreadsheet in Print Preview:
– Left-click the Microsoft Office Button.
– Select Print.
– Select Print Preview. The spreadsheet will appear in Print Preview view.
• To Modify Margins, Column Width, or Row Height While in Print Preview:
– Click the Print Preview command on the Quick Access toolbar, or select Print Preview from the Microsoft
Office Button menu. The spreadsheet opens in print preview mode.
– Hover your cursor over one of the black margin markers until a double arrow appears.
– Left-click and drag the marker to the desired location. The change will be reflected in the spreadsheet.
• To Modify Margins:
– Select the Page Layout tab.
– Left-click the Margins command.
– Choose one of the predefined settings or enter custom margins.
• To Change Page Orientation:
– Select the Page Layout tab.
– Left-click the Orientation command.
– Select either Portrait or Landscape.
• To Use Scale to Fit:
– Select the Page Layout tab.
– Locate the Scale to Fit group.
– Enter a specific height and width, or use the percentage field to decrease the spreadsheet
by a specific percent.
– Scale to Fit is a useful feature that can help you format spreadsheets to fit on a page. Be
careful with how small you scale the information -- it can become difficult to read!
• To Define a Print Area:
– Left-click and drag your mouse to select the cells you wish to print.
– Click the Print Area command.
– Choose Set Print Area.
 Managing worksheets
It is important that you know how to effectively manage your worksheets. By default,
three worksheets appear in each new workbook. You will learn how to name, add,
delete, group, and ungroup worksheets. Additionally, you will learn how to freeze
specific parts of the worksheet so they are always visible.
•  Common worksheet operations
When you open an Excel workbook, there are three sheets by default and the default
name on the tabs are Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3. These are not very informative
names. Excel 2007 allows you to define a meaningful name for each worksheet in a
workbook so you can quickly locate information.
– To Name a Worksheet: Fig 1 a)
• Right-click the sheet tab to select it.
• Choose Rename from the menu that appears. The text is highlighted by a black box.
• Type a new name for the worksheet.
– To Insert a New Worksheet: Fig 1b)
• Left-click the Insert Worksheet icon. A new sheet will appear. It will be named Sheet4, Sheet5 or whatever the next sequential sheet
number may be in the workbook.
– To Delete One or More Worksheets:
• Click on the sheet(s) you want to delete.
• Right-click the sheet(s) and a menu appears.
• Select Delete.

1a) 1b)
Freezing Worksheet Panes
The ability to freeze, or lock, specific rows or columns in your spreadsheet is a really useful
feature in Excel. It is called freezing panes. When you freeze panes, you select rows or columns
that will remain visible all the time, even as you are scrolling. This is particularly useful when
working with large spreadsheets.
• To Freeze a Row:
– Select the row below the one that you want frozen. For example, if you want row 1 & 2
to appear at the top even as you scroll, then select row 3.
– Click the View tab.
– Click the Freeze Pane command in the Window group.
– Choose Freeze Panes. A thin, black line appears below everything that is frozen in place.
– Scroll down in the worksheet to see the pinned rows.
•  To Unfreeze a Pane:
– Click the Freeze Pane command.
– Select the Unfreeze command.
•  To Freeze a Column:
– Select the column to the right of the column(s) you want frozen. For example, if you
want columns A & B to always appear on the left, just select column C.
– Click the View tab.
– Click the Freeze Pane command in the Window group.
– Choose Freeze Pane. A thin, black line appears to the right of the frozen area.
– Scroll across in the worksheet to see the pinned columns.
 Conditional Formatting
Imagine you have a spreadsheet with thousands of rows of data. It would be
extremely difficult to see patterns and trends just from examining the raw
data. Excel gives us several tools that will make this task easier. One of these
tools is called conditional formatting. With conditional formatting, you can
apply formatting to one or more cells based on the value of the cell. You can
highlight interesting or unusual cell values, and visualize the data using
formatting such as data bars.
The Conditional Formatting Options
You have many conditional formatting rules, or options, that you can apply to
cells in your spreadsheet. Each rule will affect selected cells differently. Before
you choose a formatting rule, you need to identify what questions you are
trying to answer. For example, in a sales spreadsheet, you might want to
identify the salespeople with lower than average sales. To do this, you need
to choose a conditional formatting rule that will show you this answer. Not all
of the options will provide you with this information.
• Some of the Conditional Formatting Options Include:
• Highlight Cell Rules: This rule highlights specific cells based on your
option choice. For example, you can choose for Excel to highlight
cells that are greater than, less than, or equal to a number, and
between two numbers. Also, you can choose for Excel to highlight
cells that contain specific text, including a specific date. If you
choose this option, a dialog box will appear, and you will have to
specify the cells to highlight, and the color you would like to
highlight the cells.
• Top/Bottom Rules: This conditional formatting option highlights cell
values that meet specific criteria, such as top or bottom 10%, above
average, and below average. If you choose this option, a dialog box will
appear, and you will have to specify the cells to highlight, and the color
you would like to highlight the cells.
• Data Bars: This is an interesting option that formats the selected cells with
colored bars. The length of the data bar represents the value in the cell.
The longer the bar, the higher the value See Fig 1 a)
• Color Scales: This option applies a two or three color gradient to the cells.
Different shades and colors represent specific values. See Fig 1 b)
• To Remove Conditional Formatting Rules:
– Click the Conditional Formatting command.
– Select Clear Rules. A cascading menu appears.
– Choose to clear rules from the entire worksheet or the selected cells.
1a) 1b)
Parts of the Chart
• Source Data
– The range of cells that make up a chart. The chart is updated automatically
whenever the information in these cells change.
• Title
• The title of the chart.
• Legend
• The chart key, which identifies each color on the chart represents.
• Axis
• The vertical and horizontal parts of a chart. The vertical axis is often
referred to as the Y axis, and the horizontal axis is referred to as the X
axis.
• Data Series
• The actual charted values, usually rows or columns of the source data.
• Value Axis
• The axis that represents the values or units of the source data.
• Category Axis
• The axis identifying each data series.
 2.6.3 PRESENTATION (EXAMPLE: MS POWERPOINT 2007

• PowerPoint 2007 is the presentation graphics

software in the Microsoft 2007 Office Suite.
Used to create and edit presentation for
slides shows, meetings…
• This is how it looks like on the picture bellow:
2.6.3.1 To create power point presentation
When you start PowerPoint, PowerPoint displays the title slide in the Slide pane.
You can type the title of your presentation and a subtitle on this slide. To enter
text:
Click and type the title of your presentation in the "Click to add title" area.
example type (ICT)
Click and type a subtitle in the "Click to add subtitle" area. Example
type( Hardware)
If you do not wish to use the title slide, click the Delete Slide button in the Slides
group on the Home tab.
Animations, Transitions, Spell Check, Outline Tab,
Slides Tab, Sorter View, and Printing
• Print
• PowerPoint provides you with many printing options. You can print a large
view of your slides or you can print your slides as handouts with 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
or 9 slides per page. You can also print your Notes pages or the Outline view
of your slides.
• To print:
1.Click the Microsoft Office button. A menu appears.
2.Choose Print.
3.Click Print Preview.
4.Click the down arrow next to the Print What field in the Page Setup group and
then select what you would like to print. A preview appears onscreen.
5.Click the Print . The Print dialog box appears.
6.Click the down arrow next to the Color/Grayscale field to select whether you
want your slides to print in color, grayscale, or black and white. If you are
using a black and white printer, choose black and white. You will use less ink
or toner.
7.Click OK.
 Assignment 6
1.Explain the function of the MS power point 2007?
2.Create a presentation insert on it different timing on the slides?
3.Explain in the detail how to insert the speed and the sound in presentation?
4.List the steps to make printer in PowerPoint?
5.Explain the difference between cut a slide and copy a slide?
6.Explian how to make a new slide?
 CHAP3:INTERNET
• 3.1 What is internet?
• Internet is a global network connecting
millions of computers.
Picture of the computer are connected to the network
 3.2 What is a internet browser and how to use it ?

Definition: An internet browser is the program

that you use to access the internet and view
web pages on your computer. Some common
internet browser examples include:
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Mozilla Firefox
Also Known As: Browser, Web Browser
The pictures of internet explorer and
Mozilla fire fox
 To use internet explorer
After to open the computer: Click Start ->all
program->choose internet explorer ->click
on it
This is the web page how it appear on the
screen on the starting opening
 To use Mozilla Firefox
• Click start->all program->choose Mozilla
Firefox
3.3 Download files and images from a Web page with a web browser and to save it on the difference location to the
computer?

• Download means to receive data to a local system from a remote system, or to

initiate such a data transfer.
• To download a file and image is to transfer it from the Internet to your
computer. The most commonly downloaded files are programs, updates, or other
kinds of files such as game demos, music and video files, images , or documents.
Downloading can also mean copying information from any source to a computer
or other device, such as copying your favorite songs to a portable music player.
• To search download files or images…. on the computer :click start->type in search
program and files Downloads ->click on it and the many downloads become to be
displayed choose one you have finished to download.
• Or to click computer->local disk(c)->users->computer name->downloads.
• You have to copy if it is needed and save it on the difference location Example :on
Documents,desktop,local disk(d)……..
• Or to the external storage example of flash ,external hard disk,cd,dvd …..
• To save it on the flash after to connect to the computer and become
successful click on the file or folder or image or songs -> right click on it -
>choose send to ->click on that flash you need to save on it
 3.4 To create E-mail account and to know how to use it.

• Electronic mail(E-mail) is a system of world-wide electronic

communication in which a computer user can compose a message at
one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal
when the recipient logs in.
• Or A system for sending and receiving messages electronically over a
computer network, as between personal computers
• The common useful email to day are gmail.com and
yahoo.fr ,yahoo.com.(which are the free Web-based e-mail service
currently being tested at Google that provides users with a gigabyte
of storage for messages and provides the ability to search for
specific .If you create an email address with Gmail, it will be
something like [email protected], with yahoo.fr is [email protected], with
yahoo.com [email protected]. )
 Steps to create an E-mail in yahoo.fr

• After to open a web browser like Internet

explorer or Mozilla Firefox.
• A step type http://www.yahoo.fr you find the
page bellow
B. step
c.step
D. Step(Fill this web page)
E.Step
F.step
G.Step
 To create an E-mail in Gmail
After to open the link of the Gmail in web browser(http://gmail.com) you find the web below:
Fill the web page below:
 Assignment7
• 1.what is internet?
• 2.Explain an easily steps to create an email?
• 3.The difference between Web page and a
web browser?
• 4.Explain in using an example the difference
web browsers you know?