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Discovery of Elements and Development of The Periodic Table of Elements

This document summarizes the history of the periodic table of elements from antiquity to the present. It describes how early scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, and Mendeleev organized the known elements and recognized periodic trends in their properties. Mendeleev is credited with developing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869, though Meyer developed a similar table. Later, Moseley established that atomic number, not atomic mass, was the fundamental property correlating element position. The periodic table continues to be refined as new superheavy elements are synthesized.

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87 views29 pages

Discovery of Elements and Development of The Periodic Table of Elements

This document summarizes the history of the periodic table of elements from antiquity to the present. It describes how early scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, and Mendeleev organized the known elements and recognized periodic trends in their properties. Mendeleev is credited with developing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869, though Meyer developed a similar table. Later, Moseley established that atomic number, not atomic mass, was the fundamental property correlating element position. The periodic table continues to be refined as new superheavy elements are synthesized.

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PERIODIC T A B L E O F

E L E M E N T S
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!

I made the PERIODIC TABLE !


What is the PERIODIC TABLE?

Shows all known


elements in the
universe.
Organizes the elements
by chemical properties.
How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?
F H I S T O R Y: D IS C O V E R Y O F
BR I E
T S A N D D E V E LO P M E N T O F
E LE M E N
I O D I C T A B L E O F E L E M E N TS
THE P E R
HISTORY
•The International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) suggested
that there are “main discovery
periods” of elements.
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• ANTIQUITY TO MIDDLE AGES
 14 elements were discovered, including gold, silver, and copper.
They were discovered in their natural form using primitive tools.

• MIDDLE AGES TO 1800


 20 recorded elements were discovered during this period.
 among these are Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Mercury, Zinc,
and Sulfur.
 It was in this period that Robert Boyle defined an element as a substance that
cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical reaction.
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• 1800 - 1849
 24 elements were discovered.
 It was 1828 when JOHANN WOLFGANG DOBEREINER (1780-1849)
attempted to classify the existing elements into groups of 3
with related properties. He called this group as TRIADS.
TRIADS ATOMIC MASS

Lithium 6.9
Sodium 23.0
Potassium 39.1

Calcium 40.01
Stronium 87.6
Barium 137.3
JOHANN WOLFGANG DOBEREINER (1780-1849)
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• 1850 - 1899
 26 new elements were discovered.
 French Geologist ALEXANDRE-EMILE-BEGUYER DE CHANCOURTOIS
(1830-1895) noticed the periodicity of the elements, which was the
basis of this early form of periodic table called TELLURIC HELIX.
 he discovered that if the elements were arranged in a spiral
form by order of increasing atomic mass, elements with similar
properties lined up vertically.
ALEXANDRE-EMILE-BEGUYER DE CHANCOURTOIS (1830-1895)
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
•1850 - 1899
 In 1865, JOHN A. R. NEWLANDS (1837-1898)
classified 56 discovered elements into 11 groups
based on the similar physical properties.
 he arranged elements into sets of 8 called LAW
OF OCTAVES based on increasing atomic mass.
JOHN A. R. NEWLANDS (1837-1898)
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• 1850 - 1899
 In 1869, the scientific world first saw a periodic table of elements
much like the one we use today.
 it was developed by DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907) and presented to
a Russian chemical Society.
 he also leaves gaps or empty boxes because he predicted that new
elements would later discovered which would fit into an empty boxes.
He also arranged the elements into tabular form on increasing
atomic masses.
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
•1850 - 1899
 Besides Mendeleev, another German chemist
named Lothar Meyer (1830-1907) was working on a
periodic table.
 His table included only 28 elements. When he
published his work, it was almost identical to
Mendeleev’s table.
LOTHAR MEYER (1830-1907)
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• 1900-1949
 this is the era when interest in quantum mechanics.
 13 elements were discovered.
 In 1913, HENRY MOSELEY (1887-1915) found the relationship
between an elements X-RAY wavelengths and its atomic number.
His discovery led to rearranging the sequence of the elements by
atomic number instead of atomic weight.
 “the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their
atomic number”
HENRY MOSELEY (1887-1915)
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
•1900-1949
 GLENN SEABORG (1912-1999) during his work on the
Manhattan Project (1943), proposed an additional series
in the periodic table called ACTINIDE SERIES.

•1950-1999
 16 new elements were added to the existing list.
 elements of atomic number 98 and above were
synthesized using bombardment techniques.
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
•2000 to PRESENT
 This is the era of super heavy elements. Just recently,
new super heavy elements were officially given names.
These includes the following:
1. 110 Darmstadium (Ds)
2. 111 Roentgenium (Rg)
3. 112 Copernicium (Cn)
“ QUIZ 3: PERIODIC
TABLE OF ELEMENTS ”
NUESTRA SENORA DE ARANZAZU PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY 8

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