Granby Values 2 Week 2

The Hierarchy of Values- are not equal in
their respective worth.

The hierarchy of values refers to the ranking of values
from lowest to highest. A triangle, with its summit and
middle and base, illustrates how values are ranked.
The biological values occupy the base, and the moral
values, the summit. The psychological and intellectual
values occupy respectively the mid-section.
1) The biological values, which correspond to our
survival and procreation, are the lowest. The most
fundamental value in this category is self-
preservation., or health. The other values, such as
food, exercise, work, pleasure, and sex, are the
means of sustaining and promoting the physical life.
2) The social values corresponding to our
psychological growth are the lower middle values.
The fundamental value in this category is love which
is the foundation of friendship, marriage, family, or
community.
3) The intellectual values corresponding to our
mental growth. Are the higher middle values. In
this category, the most fundamental value is
Truth. The values of science, arts, technology
and experience are means of acquiring
knowledge.
4) The moral values corresponding to
spiritual development rank the highest in the
hierarchy. These values constitute moral
integrity.
Choosing Values
Since values have relative worth, a person has to
choose those which are relevant to him. These
guidelines serve a purpose:
1. Permanent or lasting values must be preferred over

temporary or perishable ones.
2. Values favored by the majority must be preferred
over those appealing only to a few.
3. Essential values must be preferred over the
accidental values.
4. Moral values must be preferred over

the physical values.
Moral Habits
Moral character is the sum of man's good habits. Habit comes from
the Latin word "habere", meaning to have or to possess. Habits are
either entitative or operative.
Entitative habits predispose man to acquire certain nature or
quality, like being healthy, being beautiful, being intelligent, or
being rich. Operative habits predispose man to act readily towards
a purpose, like singing, dancing, playing basketball, or helping
others. The operative habit of doing well is called virtue; that of
doing evil is vice.
Virtues pertaining to mental or intellectual
operation are called intellectual virtues; those
pertaining to the will are moral virtues.
1. Moral virtues
There are four moral virtues: prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.
1. Prudence enables a person to know the best means to employ in attaining a purpose. A
prudent person weighs the pros and cons of a situation and acts with reasonable caution.
2. Justice inclines a person to give to everyone what is due. A just person pays his legal
debts, honors his elders, observes the laws of society, and worships God.
3. Fortitude gives a person the strength of the will to face dangers and the problems in
life. A person of fortitude is not easily discouraged and is ready to stand by what is right.
4. Temperance moderates a person's instincts and emotions. A temperate person is not
given to inordinate anger, jealousy, desire, or love.
2. Intellectual Virtues
There are four intellectual virtues: understanding, science, art and wisdom.
1. Understanding is the habit, or intuition of the first principles, such as "the whole is
greater than the sum of any of its parts", or that "doing well is better than doing bad".
This is also called common sense.
2. Science is the habit of proximate causes, why things are such because of their nature
or natural properties. Thus, we have the different sciences on different field of studies.
3. Art is the habit of making beautiful things, such as in literature, in
architecture, and in the fine arts.
4. Wisdom is the habit of the ultimate causes, such as the inter
dependence of created things in the eco-system; or how the negative
emotions of man — like hatred, anger, or sadness— are not signs of
weakness but are natural instincts for self-preservation and growth.
Vices and Character
A vice is the opposite of virtue. Vice. One immoral act does not constitute a habit or a
vice for that matter. But it is no less unfortunate. The fact is every single evil act speaks
of an evil character.
A vice is evil either because of excess or of defect.
(1) Vices opposed to prudence by excess are cautiousness, fraud, flattery, trickery; by
defect — imprudence, impulsiveness, carelessness, or stubbornness.
(2) Vices opposed to justice by excess are — profligacy, idolatry, fanaticism, and
superstition; by defect are —disrespect to elders, irreligion, and nonpayment of debts.
(3) Vices opposed to fortitude by excess are — rashness;
boldness, recklessness; by defect — cowardice, timidity
sensitivity, and depression.
(4) Vices opposed to temperance by excess are — rigorousness,
lack of self-confidence, moroseness; by defect — pride, lust,
hatred, gluttony, and vanity
Moral integrity is man's true worth. With it, a person is distin-
guished as "mabuting tao". Without it, a person is "masamang
tao”

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The Hierarchy of Values- are not equal in

their respective worth.

1. Permanent or lasting values must be preferred over

4. Moral values must be preferred over

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