RESEARCH

Research
is an organized investigation
and study of materials and
sources to create facts and
reach new inferences.
Research has come up with
developing appropriate
solutions to improve the
individual’s quality of life.
Although it may take place in a
different setting and may use
different methods, scientific
research is universally a
systematic and objective
search for reliable knowledge
(Walker, 2010).
Research is a verified approach of
thinking and employing legalized
instruments and steps to obtain a
more adequate solution to a problem
that is otherwise impossible to
address under ordinary means
(Crawford, as cited by Alcantara &
Espina, 1995).
In most cases, research
helps society to answer the
WHAT and HOW questions.
It must be a proper
investigation and should
reach a valid conclusion that
would facilitate the finding
of answers to the questions.
Some of these questions
are: How can research affect
society? What is the impact
of the research to daily life?
Research can be categorized
into two:

1. Basic Research
2. Applied Research
Basic Research
This is the type of research
that is a purely direct
application but increasing
the nature of understanding
about the problem.
It develops the scientific
theories to be more
understandable to the
readers.
Applied Research
It is a type of research that
needs an answer to a
specific question.
It provides solutions and
validation in order to apply
to the real setting.
ACTIVITY 1.

Directions: Arrange
the scrambled words
properly to form a
logical sentence.
1. answer to a specific question
is a type of research applied
research that needs
2. is a type of research that is
purely direct application but
expanding the nature of
understanding basic research
ACTIVITY 2.
Directions: Imagine that you
are a detective, and you will
look for evidence on the crime
scene. Supply possible
evidence to solve the problem.
ACTIVITY 3.
1.Research is_________
______________________
2. Give at least two (2)
importance of
research.
ACTIVITY 3.
Answers:
1. Research is an organized
investigation and study of
materials and sources to
create facts and reach new
inferences.
ACTIVITY 3.
Importance of research
(Answers)
2. To see a solution from the
problem
3. To attain knowledge
ACTIVITY 4.
Directions: Read the statements
below that describe each
sentence and find the answers on
the box that are diagonally,
horizontally, and vertically.
ACTIVITY 3.
Directions: Read the statements
below that describe each
sentence and find the answers on
the box that are diagonally,
horizontally, and vertically.
1. It is a systematic investigation
with its purpose to establish facts
and conclusions.
2. It develops the scientific theories
to be more understandable to the
readers.
3. It is a type of research that needs
answers to a specific question.
Directions:
Write possible steps/processes
in the given situations
below.
1. To impress someone.
a. ___________
b. _________
c. _________
2. To fry a chicken.
a. ___________
b. _________
c. _________
CHARACTERISTICS, PROCESSES,
AND ETHICS IN RESEARCH
1.EMPIRICAL - is based on observations and
experiments of theories.
2.SYSTEMATIC - follows orderly and sequential
procedures, based on valid procedures and
principles.
3.CONTROLLED - In research, all variables,
except those that are tested/ experimented on,
are kept constant.
4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a search
for facts, answers to questions and solutions to
problems.
5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical procedures in
gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, and or case study.
6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and logical. All
findings are logically based on real-life situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own
examination and produces the data needed to
complete the study.
It is said that research can be done in
different ways. It can be either a
well-planned and methodical
process that is based on keen
observation and concrete and valid
evaluation. Integration is the best
way to evaluate the validity of a
certain study.
 Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that
the following are involved in the
Research Processes:
1.DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What
is the problem?
2.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:
What evidence is already presented?
3.FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How
are we going to find/look for the
answer to questions being studied?
4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the
study be shown and with what
population?
5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready
to gather the data? Where do we
find the data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the
data answer the research queries?
7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What are
the implications of the results?
According to Resnik, 2007, ethical
norms are significant in conducting
research studies as explained in the
following:

First, ethics promotes the pursuit of

knowledge, truth, and credibility. It
also fosters values that are essential
to collaborative work.
Second, ethical norms help individuals to be
accountable in every act that the
researcher/s undertake.
Third, ensure that researchers are held
accountable to the public.
Lastly, an ethical norm in research also needs
public awareness. This can be evaluated by
the researcher before conducting the study
because this may help a certain population
in an area once the study is completed.
Ethical Codes and Policies for Research,
Resnik, 2007

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN
THE CONDUCT OF A
RESEARCH
Honesty Maintain all communication. Data should
not be faked.

Objectivity Avoid biases in experimental designs,

data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony,
and other aspects of research
.
Integrity Keep your promises and agreements.

Carefulness Avoid careless errors and negligence.

Openness Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be
open to criticism and new ideas.

Confidentiality Protect confidential communication.

Responsible Publication Avoid duplicating

publications.

Responsible Mentoring Help to educate, mentor,

and advise others. Respect Colleagues Treat all
peers fairly.
Respect Colleagues Treat all peers
fairly.

Social Responsibility Strive to

promote social good. Avoid social
harm.
Non- Discrimination avoid
discrimination against colleagues or
students on the basis of sex, races,
ethnicity, and or others.

Legality Be informed and obey

relevant laws and institutional
governmental policies.
Respect of Intellectual Property
-Give proper acknowledgment or
credits to all researchers.

Human Subject Minimize risks that

involve human lives, dignity, and
privacy.
Do you remember?

1.Characteristics
2.processes
3.ethics of research
Directions:
Sort out the RED letters to
supply and to form new words
which will be written on the
boxes provided below.
1. QUALITY 2.EQUALLY

N I IVE I T TIV
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
AND QUALITATIVE
 KINDS OF
RESEARCH:
 Two Categories Of Research
Methodology:
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- is a positivist scientific method
which refers to a general set of
orderly discipline procedures to
acquire information (Beck, 2004).
Mostly, it is concerned with numbers and
measurement.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- is defined as the “naturalistic
method of research which deals with
the concern of human difficulty by
discovering it straightly.” (Beck, 2004)
It is concerned with the experiences,
understanding and words of the
individual.
GROUP ACTIVITY:

Directions: Use the graphic

organizer to differentiate
qualitative and quantitative
research.
 Common:

Quantitative Qualitative
Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the difference between

qualitative and quantitative
research? ______________________

2. State the qualities of qualitative

and quantitative research
Qualitative_________________________
Quantitative ______________________
Directions:
Present your understanding of the lesson through
a topical outline and give examples.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

> >
> >
> >
KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELD
It’s guessing time!
It starts with letter Q and ends with letter
E. It is a kind of research.
It seeks in-depth understanding.
It is a naturalistic process.
It is concerned with understanding and
words.

Q ALI ATI E
Examples of titles and
abstract studies
Challenging Normative Assumptions
Regarding Disengaged Youth: A
Phenomenological Perspective
 Challenging Normative Assumptions
Regarding Disengaged Youth: A
Phenomenological Perspective

Lewthwaite, Brian; Wilson, Kimberley;

Wallace, Valda; McGinty, Sue; Swain, Luke
International Journal of Qualitative Studies in
Education (QSE), v30 n4 p388-405 2017
This paper explored the experiences of 12 young people, all
teenagers, who have chosen to attend alternative schools known as
flexible learning options within the Australian context. Using a
phenomenological approach, the study seeks to understand their
experiences outside the normalized public discourse that they had
"disengaged" from mainstream school. A phenomenological approach
is employed because of its potential to draw attention to
predetermined assumptions about, in this study's case, student
disengagement, a concept commonly framed within a pathologist and
deficit perspective. The study gives evidence for the utility of a
phenomenological approach in providing insight into how
macrosystem policy, such as a nationalistic neoliberal agenda,
influences "schooling" and subsequently students' experiences with
schools.
The implications of this study with attention to the
nexus between methodology and policy are
discussed, especially in drawing attention to how
phenomenology as a qualitative methodology
provides a means of agency for the disenfranchised
to challenge existing policy and public
assumptions.
You are chosen in the class to give
possible problems in school, family, and
population.

Your answer:
School: __________
Family: ________________
Population: ________________