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Introduction to Microprocessors

This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcontrollers. It defines a microprocessor as a digital device on a chip that can fetch and execute instructions from memory to perform arithmetic and logical operations and transfer data between input and output devices. When interfaced with memory and I/O devices, a microprocessor forms a microcomputer. The document then describes the basic blocks of a digital computer including the input, memory, ALU, control, and output units. It also outlines the address, data, and control buses that allow the CPU to access and transfer data to different components in a basic microprocessor system.

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Belen Septian MDP
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74 views9 pages

Introduction to Microprocessors

This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcontrollers. It defines a microprocessor as a digital device on a chip that can fetch and execute instructions from memory to perform arithmetic and logical operations and transfer data between input and output devices. When interfaced with memory and I/O devices, a microprocessor forms a microcomputer. The document then describes the basic blocks of a digital computer including the input, memory, ALU, control, and output units. It also outlines the address, data, and control buses that allow the CPU to access and transfer data to different components in a basic microprocessor system.

Uploaded by

Belen Septian MDP
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Microprocessor and

Microcontroller
Prepared by:
Team of Lecturers
Department of Electrical Engineering
Microprocessor

Microprocessor is a digital device on a chip which can fetch instructions from a


memory, decode and execute them i.e. performs certain arithmetic and logical operations,
accept data from input device, and send results to output devices.

A microprocessor interfaced with memory and Input/ Output devices forms a


Microcomputer.

2
Blocks of Digital Computer

(3)

(4) (5)
(1)

(2)

Contd… 3
Blocks of Digital Computer

(1) Input unit Through this unit, data and instructions are fed to the memory
of computer

The memory unit of a digital computer consists of devices


(2) Memory unit
which are capable of storing information

(3) Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) This unit is used for performing arithmetic operations

(4) Control unit It controls all other units and also controls the flow of data from
one unit to another for performing computations

(5) Output unit The last unit in which the results are displayed to the output
through this unit

4
Basic Microprocessor System
Address Bus

It is used by the CPU to send out address of the


memory location to be accessed

For instance, a 16-bit address bus can access


bytes of data

5
Basic Microprocessor System
Data Bus

It is bidirectional, that is, data flow occurs both to


and from CPU peripherals

The size of internal data bus determines the


largest number that can be processed by a
microprocessor. For instance, having a 16-bit
internal data bus is 65536 (64K)
6
Basic Microprocessor System
Control Bus

It contains a number of individual lines carrying


synchronizing signals. The control bus sends out
control signal to memory, I/O ports, and other
peripheral devices to ensure proper operation

It carries control signals such as MEMORY


READ, MEMORY WRITE, READ INPUT PORT,
WRITE OUTPUT PORT, HOLD, INTERRUPT, etc

7
References
Kaushik, D. K. (2010). Microprocessor 8085. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company.
Thank You

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