Random Sampling,

Parameter and Statistic,

and Sampling
Distribution of Statistics
 1 Illustrate random sampling

Distinguish between parameter and

OBJECTIVES
2 statistic

Identify sampling distribution of statistics

3 (sample mean)
 Lesson 1.
Random Sampling
Preview: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.

A. population
B. sample
C. random sampling
D. subset

2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random or nonrandom

sampling techniques. population
A. population
B. sample
C. random sampling
D. Lottery sampling
3. What sampling technique in which members of the population are listed and
samples are selected in intervals called sample intervals. population
A. systematic sampling
B. lottery sampling
C. stratified random sampling
D. quota sampling

4. It is sometimes called area sampling, it applies on a geographical basis.

A. Systematic sampling
B. lottery sampling
C. stratified random sampling
D. cluster sampling
Analyze the following study.

1. Mrs. Dela Cruz wants to get the analysis on her pre-test in

Statistics and probability of grade 11 students in ABC high school
with 150 students in the subject. Should she get the scores of one
class only?

Analysis:
Mrs. Dela Cruz class is not that big, it is much
better if she will get the scores of her entire class
to have an analysis.
 The population refers to the whole group under study or investigation.

 A Sample representative subject of a population.

 Types of Random Sampling Techniques

1. Lottery sampling is a sampling technique in which each

member of the population has an equal chance of being
selected.

2. Systematic sampling is a sampling technique in which

members of the population are listed and samples are
selected at intervals called sample intervals.
3. Stratified random sampling is a sampling procedure in
which members of the population are grouped on the
basis of their homogeneity.

4. Cluster sampling is sometimes referred to as area

sampling and applied on a geographical basis.

5. Multi-stage sampling uses a combination of different

sampling techniques.
Assessment
Directions: Identify the type of sampling method.
__________1. The teacher writes all the names of students in a piece
of paper and puts it in a box for the graded recitation.
__________2. The teacher gets the class record and call every 4th
name in the list.
__________3. Every five files out of 500 files will be chosen.
__________4.There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45 middle aged
and 55 senior citizens in a certain area. Samples are taken according
to the total number of people in the area.
__________5. All the names of the employees of the company are
put in a raffle box.
 Lesson 2.
Parameter and Statistic
 What I Have Learned
Directions: Identify the terms being described.

1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.

Population
2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random or non-
random sampling technique. A sample is a representation of the
population where one hopes to draw valid conclusions from about
population.
Sample
3. This is a selection of n elements derived from a population N, which
is the subject of the investigation or experiment, where each sample
point has an equal chance of being selected using the appropriate
sampling technique.
Random Sampling
4. A sampling technique where every member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected.
Lottery Sampling
5. It refers to a sampling technique in which members of the
population are listed and samples are selected in intervals called
sample intervals.
Systematic Sampling
Identify which of the cases involves measures from a population and
a sample.
1. A researcher randomly selected a sample of 1000 people in
Barangay, 143 and asked if they used a certain coffee product and
40% of them said yes.
2. A researcher interviewed all the students in a certain school to
identify their insights about their favorite shoe brand.
Analysis: In the first case the researcher measures for a sample. Only
40% out of 100 said yes. While in the second case the researcher
measures the population because the researcher interviewed all the
students of that school.
 A parameter is a descriptive population measure. It is a
measure of the characteristics of the entire population (a
mass of all the units under consideration that share common
characteristics) based on all the elements within that
population.
Example:
1. All people living in one city, all-male teenagers worldwide, all
elements in a shopping cart, and all students in a classroom.

2. The researcher interviewed all the students of a school for their

favorite apparel brand.
 Statistic is the number that describes the sample. It can be
calculated and observed directly. The statistic is a characteristic
of a population or sample group. You will get the sample statistic
when you collect the sample and calculate the standard
deviation and the mean. You can use sample statistic to draw
certain conclusions about the entire population.
Example:
1. Fifty percent of people living in the U.S. agree with the latest health
care proposal. Researchers can’t ask hundreds of millions of people if
they agree, so they take samples or part of the population and
calculate the rest.
2. Researcher interviewed the 70% of covid-19 survivors.
Give example of parameter and
example of statistic.
Assessment
Decide whether the statement describes a parameter or statistic.

1. The average income of 40 out of 100 households in a

certain Barangay is P 12, 213.00 a month.
2. Percentage of red cars in the Philippines.
3. Number of senior high schools in Region 3.
4. A recent survey of a sample of 250 high school students
reported the average weight of 54.3 kg.
5. Average age of students in East High School.
 Lesson 3.
Sampling Distribution of
the Sample Means
A sampling distribution of sample mean is a frequency distribution
using the means computed from all possible random samples of a
specific size taken from a population.

What’s In.
A population consists of the five numbers 2, 3, 6, 10, and 12.
Consider samples of size 2 that can be drawn from this population.

Sample Mean

2,3 2.5
Example 1: A population consists of the five numbers 2, 3, 6, 10 and 12.
Consider samples of size 2 that can be drawn from this population.
A. How many possible samples can be drawn?
To answer this, use the formula NCn (the number of N objects taken
n at a time), where N is the total population and n is the sample to
be taken out of the population,

In this case N= 5 and n= 2

5 C2 = 10
So, there are 10 possible samples to be drawn.
B. Construct the sampling distribution of sample means.
List all the possible outcome and get the mean of every sample.
sample Sample mean
2,3 2.5
2,4 3
2,6 4
2,10 6 Observe that the means vary
2,12 7
from sample to sample. Thus,
3,10 6.5
any mean based on the sample
3,6 4.5
drawn from a population is
3,12 7.5
6,10 8
expected to assume different
6,12 9 values for samples.
C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample
means. This probability distribution is called the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
Sample mean Probability
2.5 1/10 or 0.1
3 1/10 or 0.1
4 1/10 or 0.1
6 1/10 or 0.1
Observe that all sample means
7 1/10 or 0.1
appeared only one; thus, their
6.5 1/10 or 0.1
4.5 1/10 or 0.1
probability is P(x)= 1 10 or 0.1
7.5 1/10 or 0.1
8 1/10 or 0.1
9 1/10 or 0.1
 Problem: Construct a sampling distribution of sample mean for the
set of data below.
86 88 90 95 98
Consider a sample size of 3 that can be drawn from a population.

A. How many possible samples can be drawn?

B. Construct the sampling distribution of sample means.

C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample

means. This probability distribution is called, the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
A. How many possible samples can be drawn?
In this case N= 5 and n= 3
5C3 = 10
So, there are 10 possible samples to be drawn. sample Sample mean
86, 88, 90 88
B. Construct the sampling 86, 90, 95 90
distribution of sample 86, 90, 98 91

means. 86, 90, 95 90

86, 90, 98 91
List all the possible 86, 95, 98 93
outcome and get 88, 90, 95 91

the mean of every 88, 90, 98 92

sample. 88, 95, 98 94

90, 95, 98 94
C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample means.
This probability distribution is called, the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
Sample Mean Probability

88 1/10 or 0.1

90 2/10 or 0.2 Observe that 88, 92 and 93 appeared only

91 3/10 or 0.3
once; thus their probability is P(x)= 1/10 or
0.1. Since 90 and 94 appeared twice, their
92 1/10 or 0.1 probability is P(x)= 2/10 or 0.2. While 91
93 1/10 or 0.1
appeared thrice, their probability is P(x)=
3/ 10 or 0.3
94 2/10 or 0.2
Observe that the total probability of all sample means
must be equal to 1.
Assessment:

Direction : Find the Sample mean and probability of the following data

Construct all random samples consisting three

observations from the given data.
Arrange the observations in ascending order without
replacement and repetition.

86 89 92 95 98
ANSWER
Sample mean Probability P(x)
89 1/10 or 0.1
90 1/10 or 0.1
91 2/10 or 0.2
92 2/10 or 0.2
93 2/10 or 0.2
94 1/10 or 0.1
95 1/10 or 0.1
THANK YOU!!