Scribd
Upload
296 views20 pages

Graphic Processing Unit

A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a microprocessor designed specifically to render 3D graphics and images by processing large amounts of data and complex mathematical calculations rapidly. It works in conjunction with the CPU to offload graphics-related processing. GPUs have thousands of smaller, more efficient cores compared to CPUs and are optimized for parallel processing. They are used across many industries like gaming, automotive design, movie animation, and medical imaging to enable realistic 3D rendering and simulations.

Uploaded by

Prashant Barve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
296 views20 pages

Graphic Processing Unit

A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a microprocessor designed specifically to render 3D graphics and images by processing large amounts of data and complex mathematical calculations rapidly. It works in conjunction with the CPU to offload graphics-related processing. GPUs have thousands of smaller, more efficient cores compared to CPUs and are optimized for parallel processing. They are used across many industries like gaming, automotive design, movie animation, and medical imaging to enable realistic 3D rendering and simulations.

Uploaded by

Prashant Barve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT

(GPU)

PRESENTED BY – PRASHANT BABAJI BARVE


BSC (OPTIONAL) VI SEMESTER
YEAR: 2020-2021
CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS GPU ?
• HISTORY OF GPU
• CPU VS GPU
• ARCHITECTURE OF GPU
• COMPONENTS OF GPU
• WORKING OF GPU
• APPLICATION OF GPU
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
THERE ARE VARIOUS APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE A 3D
WORLD TO BE SIMULATED AS REALISTICALLY AS POSSIBLE
ON A COMPUTER SCREEN. THESE INCLUDE 3D ANIMATIONS
IN GAMES, MOVIES AND OTHER REAL WORLD SIMULATIONS.
IT TAKES A LOT OF COMPUTING POWER TO REPRESENT A 3D
WORLD DUE TO THE GREAT AMOUNT OF INFORMATION THAT
MUST BE USED TO GENERATE A REALISTIC 3D WORLD AND
THE COMPLEX MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS THAT MUST BE
USED TO PROJECT THIS 3D WORLD ONTO A COMPUTER
SCREEN. IN THIS SITUATION, THE PROCESSING TIME AND
BANDWIDTH ARE AT A PREMIUM DUE TO LARGE AMOUNTS
OF BOTH COMPUTATION AND DATA.
WHAT IS GPU?
A GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT (GPU) IS A
MICROPROCESSOR THAT HAS BEEN DESIGNED
SPECIFICALLY FOR THE PROCESSING OF 3D GRAPHICS.
THE PROCESSOR IS BUILT WITH INTEGRATED
TRANSFORM, LIGHTING, TRIANGLE SETUP/CLIPPING,
AND RENDERING ENGINES, CAPABLE OF HANDLING
MILLIONS OF MATH-INTENSIVE PROCESSES PER
SECOND. GPUS FORM THE HEART OF MODERN
GRAPHICS CARDS, RELIEVING THE CPU (CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNITS) OF MUCH OF THE GRAPHICS
PROCESSING LOAD. GPUS ALLOW PRODUCTS SUCH AS
DESKTOP PCS, PORTABLE COMPUTERS, AND GAME
CONSOLES TO PROCESS REAL-TIME 3D GRAPHICS THAT
FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE

• PROVIDE A SEPARATE DEDICATED GRAPHICS RESOURCES ,


INCLUDING GRAPHIC PROCESSOR AND MEMORY , TO RELIEVE
SOME OF BURDEN OF CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU).

• ENABLE A REPRESENTATION OF A 3D WORLD AS REALISTICALLY


AS POSSIBLE.
• Used primarily for 3-D applications, a graphics processing unit is a single chip
processor that creates lighting effects and transforms objects every time a 3D
scene is redrawn. These are mathematically-intensive tasks, which otherwise,
would put quite a strain on the CPU. Lifting this burden from the CPU frees up
cycles that can be used for other jobs.
• However, the GPU is not just for playing 3D-intense videogames or for those
who create graphics (sometimes referred to as graphics rendering or content-
creation) but is a crucial component that is critical to the PC's overall system
speed. In order to fully appreciate the graphics card's role it must first be
understood.
• Many synonyms exist for Graphics Processing Unit in which the popular one
being the graphics card .It’s also known as a video card, video accelerator,
video adapter, video board, graphics accelerator, or graphics adapter
HISTORY OF GPU

• 1980’s - No GPU . PC used VGA controller


• 1990’s - Add More Functions into VGA controller
• 1997’s – 3D Acceleration Functions : Hardware For Triangle Setup And
Rasterization Texture Mapping , Shading
• 2000 – A Single Chip Graphics Processor (Beginning Of GPU Term)
• 2005 – Massively Parallel Programmable Processors
• 2007 – CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture )
CPU VS GPU
• A SIMPLE WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CPU AND GPU IS
TO COMPARE HOW THEY PROCESS TASKS.

• A CPU CONSIST OF A FEW CORES OPTIMIZED FOR SEQUENTIAL SERIAL


PROCESSING WHILE GPU HAS MASSIVELY PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE
CONSISTS OF THOUSANDS OF SMALLER, MORE EFFICIENT CORES DESIGNED
FOR HANDLING MULTIPLE TASKS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
• A GPU IS TAILORED FOR HIGHLY PARALLEL OPERATION WHILE CPU
EXECUTES PROGRAMS SERIALLY
• FOR THIS REASON , GPU HAVE MANY PARALLEL EXECUTION UNITS AND
HIGHER TRANSISTOR COUNTS , WHILE CPUs HAVE FEW EXECUTION UNITS
AND HIGHER CLOCKSPEEDS.
• GPUs HAVE MUCH DEEPER PIPELINES (SEVERAL THOUSAND STAGES VS 10 –
20 FOR CPUs)
• GPUs HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY FASTER AND MORE ADVANCED MEMORY
INTERFACES AS THEY NEED TO SHIFT AROUND A LOT MORE DATA THAN CPUs.
CPU VS GPU

• Low compute density • High compute density


• Complex control logic • High computations per memory
access

• Optimized for serial operations • Build for parallel operations


• Shallow pipelines (<30 stages) • Deep pipelines (hundreds of stages)
• Low latency tolerance • High latency tolerance
ARCHITECTURE OF GPU

• The nature of a GPU is all about putting available cores to work and it’s less
focused on low latency cache memory access.
• A single GPU device consists of multiple processor clusters (PC) that contain
multiple Streaming multiprocessors (SM).
• Each SM accommodates a layer -1 instruction cache layer with its associated
cores . Typically , one SM uses a dedicated layer -1 cache and a shared layer-2
cache before pulling data from global GDDR-5 memory.
• Compared to a CPU , a GPU works with fewer , and relatively small , memory
cache layers. Reason being is that a GPU has more transistors dedicated to
computation meaning it cares less how long it takes the retrieve data from
memory.
COMPONENTS OF GPU

• Graphics Processor
The graphics processor is the brains of the card, and is typically one of three
configurations:

• Graphics co-processor : A card with this type of processor can handle all of the
graphics chores without any assistance from the computer's CPU. Graphics co-processors are typically
found on high-end video cards.

• Graphics accelerator : In this configuration, the chip on the graphics card renders
graphics based on commands from the computer's CPU. This is the most common
configuration used today.

• Frame buffer: This chip simply controls the memory on the card and sends
information to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) . It does no processing of the
image data and is rarely used anymore
Memory – The type of RAM used on graphics cards
varies widely, but the most
popular types use a dual-ported configuration. Dual-
ported cards can write to one
section of memory while it is reading from another
section, decreasing the time it
takes to refresh an image

Graphics BIOS – Graphics cards have a small ROM


chip containing basic
information that tells the other components of the card
how to function in relation to
each other. The BIOS also performs diagnostic tests on
the card's memory and input/
output (I/O) to ensure that everything is functioning
correctly.
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) –

The DAC on a graphics card is commonly


known as a RAMDAC because it takes the data it converts
directly from the card's
memory. RAMDAC speed greatly affects the image you see
on the monitor. This is
because the refresh rate of the image depends on how
quickly the analog information
gets to the monitor.

Display Connector –

Graphics cards use standard connectors. Most cards use the


15-
pin connector that was introduced with Video Graphics
Array (VGA).
Computer (Bus) Connector –

This is usually Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP).


This port enables the video card to directly access
system memory. Direct memory
access helps to make the peak bandwidth four
times higher than the Peripheral
Component Interconnect (PCI) bus adapter card
slots. This allows the central
processor to do other tasks while the graphics
chip on the video card accesses system
memory.
WORKING OF GPU
• The CPU, working in conjunction with software applications , sends
information about the image to the graphics card . The graphics card decides
how to use the pixels on the screen to create the image.
• It then sends that information to the monitor through a cable.
• Creating an image out of binary data is a demanding process. To make a 3-D
image , the graphics card first creates a wire frame out of straight lines.
• Then , it rasterizes the image (fills in the remaining pixels). It also adds
lighting , texture and color.
APPLICATION OF GPU

DESIGNING GRAPHICAL USER


COMPUTER GAMES AUTOMOBILE INTERFACE
APPLICATION OF GPU

CONSTRUCTION MOVIE ANIMATION MEDICAL FIELD


CONCLUSION
FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF THE FIRST 3D ACCELERATOR
IN 1996 THESE UNITS HAVE COME A LONG WAY TO BE
TRULY CALLED A “GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT”. SO IT IS
NOT A WONDER THAT THIS PIECE OF HARDWARE IS OFTEN
REFERRED TO AS AN EXOTIC PRODUCT AS FAR AS
COMPUTER PERIPHERALS ARE CONCERNED. BY
OBSERVING THE CURRENT PACE AT WHICH WORK IS
GOING ON IN DEVELOPING GPUS WE CAN SURELY COME
TO A CONCLUSION THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO SEE BETTER
AND FASTER GPUS IN THE NEAR FUTURE.

You might also like